Download or read book Novel Technologies for SO3 NO3 Removal from Flue Gas Technical Report September 1 November 30 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this research is to develop a low temperature deNOx catalyst with activity high enough for boiler retrofit applications. Cu-ZrO2 is a promising low temperature catalyst for the selective reduction of No by propene. At NO = 1000 ppm, propene (C3H6) = 1000 ppm and 02 = 1% and a space velocity of 13,000 h−1, the NO conversion to N2 is 64% at 265°C. The performance of the catalyst, however, does not fulfill the requirement when used for flue gas clean up where the feed is composed of 4% O2 and 10% H2O, and the temperature is 150°C. Methods to improve the performance of the catalyst are being sought. These include modification of the preparation method such as varying the aging time of the gel after precipitation, and addition of promoters like Pd and Nd to increase the catalytic activity at lower temperatures and higher 02 concentrations. Using ethanol (C2H5OH) instead of C3H6 as a reductant improves the performance of the catalyst when H2O is present. Interestingly, methanol is not an effective reductant. Some modified carbon catalysts are also tested. Results on Cu impregnated ASC whetlerite carbon catalyst show 100% N2 selectivity and 35 % NO conversion at 200°C. However, the catalyst is unstable and deactivates rapidly. Work planned for the next quarter is to continue to investigate methods to improve the catalytic activity.

Download or read book Novel Technologies for SO3 NO3 Removal from Flue Gas Quarterly Technical Report December 1 1993 February 28 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this project is to develop a cost-effective low temperature deNOx catalyst to be used in the Research Triangle Institute-Waterloo SOx/NOx process for boiler retrofit applications. The performance goal of the catalyst is to convert over 80% of the NO in the flue gas at a temperature as low as 150°C in the presence of 4% O2 and 10% water. Based on the results obtained in the first quarter, which showed that modification of a Cu-ZrO2 catalyst with Nd increased the conversion of NO to N2, especially at higher partial pressures of oxygen, and that ethanol was a more effective reductant than propene in the presence of water vapor, research was conducted in this quarter to investigate the use of other modifiers and other alcohols as reductants. It was found that modification of Cu-ZrO2 by La was more effective than by Nd or Gd. It decreased the hydrocarbon combustion activity of the catalyst while increasing the NO conversion. A Cu-Ga2O3 catalyst was also tested. It was superior to Cu-ZrO2 at temperatures higher than 250°C, but inferior at lower temperatures. On the La-Cu-ZrO2 catalyst, isobutanol was a very effective reductant for NO, being more effective than ethanol. In the presence of 4% O2, 2% water, and with a space velocity of 3000 h−1, an NO conversion to N2 of 83% was obtained using 1200 ppM isobutanol at 200°C. This is believed to be the highest conversion reported to data without using NH3 as the reductant. Other catalysts not containing copper were also tested, but their performance was inferior to this La-Cu-ZrO2 catalyst.

Download or read book Novel Technologies for SO3 NO3 Removal from Flue Gas Technical Report March 1 1994 May 31 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this project is to develop a cost-effective low temperature deNOx catalyst to be used in the Research Triangle Institute-Waterloo SO2/NOx process for boiler retrofit applications. The performance goal of the catalyst is to convert over 80% of the NO in the flue gas at a temperature as low as 150°C in the presence of 4% O2, and 10% water. Based on the results obtained in the previous quarter, which showed a La-Cu-ZrO2 catalyst to be a promising low temperature catalyst in the presence of 2% H2O in the reduction of NO to N2 with isobutanol, research was conducted to investigate the variations in feed conditions on the performance of the catalyst. Specifically, the effect of increased H2O concentration and the effect of NO2 in the feed were investigated. Although the activity of the catalyst declined when the H2O concentration was increased from 2 to 10%, the decline was relatively mild compared with that when the water content was changed from 0 to 2%. The effect of NO2 was investigated because oxidation of NO to NO2, a thermodynamically favorable process, proceeds at a finite rate even in the absence of a catalyst. It was found that, under the low temperature reaction conditions, replacement of NO2 with NO did not affect the catalytic performance of the La-Cu-ZrO2 catalyst. Besides studying the La-Cu-ZrO2 catalyst, effort has continued in screening other potential catalysts. A promising 5%Cu-2%Ag catalyst supported on active carbon was found that catalyzes NO reduction by acetone. At 150°C, 35% NO conversion was obtained in the presence of 4% O2 and 8% H2O at a space velocity of 3000 h−1 after 5 h on stream.

Download or read book Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2 NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System Quarterly Technical Progress Report No 11 September 1 November 30 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NOXSO process is a dry, post-combustion flue gas treatment technology which uses a regenerable sorbent to simultaneously adsorb sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NO3 from the flue gas of a coal-fired utility boiler. In the process, the SO2 is reduced to sulfur by-product and the NO3 is reduced to nitrogen and oxygen. It is predicted that the process can economically remove 90% of the acid rain precursor gases from the flue gas stream in a retrofit or new facility. The objective of the NOXSO Demonstration Project is to design, construct, and operate a flue gas treatment system utilizing the NOXSO process. The effectiveness of the process will be demonstrated by achieving significant reductions in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. In addition, sufficient operating data will be obtained to confirm the process economics and provide a basis to guarantee performance on a commercial scale. The project is presently in the project definition and preliminary design phase. Data obtained during pilot plant testing which was completed on July 30, 1993 is being incorporated in the design of the commercial size plant. A suitable host site to demonstrate the NOXSO process on a commercial scale is presently being sought. Preliminary engineering studies provided information to decide on the basic plant arrangement. A scaled up POC design was selected as the general arrangement of choice based on a cost versus technical risk assessment. The first step in developing an adsorber computer simulation was completed. Several processes for producing liquid SO2 from the regenerator offgas were developed and evaluated. It was concluded that the Claus and burn process which involves making elemental sulfur as an intermediate product was the best choice. The NOXSO process computer simulation was updated to include semi-plug solids flow through the fluidized beds of the sorbent heater and cooler. Heat loss calculations were also added.

Download or read book Novel Technologies for SO3 NO3 Removal from Flue Gas written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this project is to develop a cost-effective low temperature deNOx process. NOx removal at temperatures between 120C--150C was investigated using the approaches of (1) selective reduction of NOx by alcohol or acetone (2) adsorption of NOx with an effective sorbent. The chief problem encountered in low temperature reduction of NO was catalyst deactivation due to coke formation. In this quarter, a possible solution explored was increasing the loading of precious metals (Pd and Ag) on oxide supports, as precious metals are known to be effective in the oxidation of hydrocarbons at low temperatures. However, no improvement was observed. Another solution was the replacement of NO by NO2 in the feed for the carbon-based catalyst tested, as NO2 was observed to slow down the deactivation rate over Cu-ZrO2 catalyst. However, rapid reduction of NO2 to NO by the carbon support occurred, making this approach impractical. As part of this approach, search for better NO oxidation catalysts continued this quarter. It was found that on different carbon catalysts at 30C and a W/F of 0.01g.min/cc, NO conversion to NO2 between 82--90% can be achieved. This activity, however, decreased with increasing temperature. SO2 also poisoned the oxidation activity of the activated carbon. Au dispersed on lanthanum oxide was another catalyst tested and had an NO conversion to NO2 of 17% at 250C. The catalytic performance of this catalyst could be improved by increasing its surface area. Finally, the adsorption capacity of NOx of a carbon sample provided by ISGS and an inorganic sorbent were tested. The capacity of the inorganic sorbent was found to be much higher.

Download or read book Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2 NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System Quarterly Technical Progress Report No 3 September 1 November 30 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NOXSO Process is a dry, post-combustion flue gas treatment technology which uses a regenerable sorbent to simultaneously adsorb sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from the flue gas of a coal-fired utility boiler. In the process, the SO2 is reduced to elemental sulfur and the NOx is reduced to nitrogen and oxygen. It is predicted that the process can economically remove 90% of the acid rain precursor gases from the flue gas stream in a retrofit or new facility. The objective of the NOXSO Demonstration Project is to design, construct, and operate a flue gas treatment system utilizing the NOXSO Process at Ohio Edisons̀ Niles Plant Unit 1. The effectiveness of the process will be demonstrated by achieving significant reductions in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. In addition, sufficient operating data will be obtained to confirm the process economics and provide a basis to guarantee performance on a commercial scale. Ohio Edisons̀ Niles Plant Unit 1 generates 115 MW of electricity and 275,000 scfm of flue gas while burning 3.5% sulfur coal.

Download or read book Production and Use of Activated Char for Combined SO2 NO3 Removal Technical Report September 1 November 30 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon adsorbents have been shown to remove sulfur oxides from flue gas, and also serve as a catalyst for reduction of nitrogen oxides at temperatures between 80 and 150°C. The overall objective of this project is to determine whether Illinois coal is a suitable feed stock for the production of activated char which could be used as a catalyst for removal of SO2/NOx from combustion flue gas, and to evaluate the potential application of the products in flue gas cleanup. Key production variables will be identified to help design and engineer activated char with the proper pore structure and surface chemistry. During this reporting period, a series of chats was prepared from an Illinois coal (IBC-102). A 48×100 mesh size fraction of IBC-102 coal was physically cleaned to reduce its ash content from 5.5 to 3.6%. The clean coal was pyrolyzed in a fluidized-bed reactor at 500, 700 and 900°C. The surface area and oxygen content of the char was varied either by oxidation in 10% O2 or by nitric acid treatment. Steam activation or chemical activation using potassium hydroxide was employed to enhance surface area development. Nitrogen BET surface areas of the chars ranged from 1 to 800 M2/g.

Download or read book Plasma assisted Cleanup of Flue Gas Technical Report September 1 1993 November 30 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this project period, the system for the removal of SO2 and NO(subscript x) is being studied in the presence of water vapor. Typical-mixtures being tested consist of 500--1500 parts per million SO2, 4--6% H2Og, 7--15% O2, and the balance is nitrogen. We have to date seen only a reduction in SO2 in the order of 40%. This is lower than the in dry air. At present this low reduction is attributed to arcing the discharge. A computer simulation is being performed to calculate the oxygen production rate in a dielectric-barrier discharge. The discharge is considered to be streamer like and from this the oxygen atom density can be calculated. This will give us an estimate of the amount of energy required to produce an oxygen atom. Eventually when this will be combined with a chemical code, we will get a cost estimate.

Download or read book Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2 NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System Quarterly Technical Progress Report No 10 June 1 August 31 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NOXSO process is a dry, post-combustion flue gas treatment technology which uses a regenerable sorbent to simultaneously adsorb sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from the flue gas of a coal-fired utility boiler. In the process, the SO2 is reduced to sulfur by-product (elemental sulfur, sulfuric acid, or liquid SO2) and the NOx is reduced to nitrogen and oxygen. It is predicted that the process can economically remove 90% of the acid rain precursor gases from the flue gas stream in a retrofit or new facility. The objective of the NOXSO Demonstration Project is to design, construct, and operate a flue gas treatment system utilizing the NOXSO process at Ohio Edisons̀ Niles Plant Unit {number_sign}1. The effectiveness of the process will be demonstrated by achieving significant reductions in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. In addition, sufficient operating data will be obtained to confirm the process economics and provide a basis to guarantee performance on a commercial scale. The project is presently in the project definition and preliminary design phase. Data obtained during pilot plant testing which was completed on July 30, 1993 is being incorporated in the design of the commercial size plant. A suitable host site to demonstrate the NOXSO process on a commercial scale is presently being sought.

Download or read book Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2 NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System Quarterly Technical Progress Report No 12 December 1 1993 February 28 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NOXSO process is a dry, post-combustion flue gas treatment technology which uses a regenerable sorbent to simultaneously adsorb sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NO3 from the flue gas of a coal-fired utility boiler. In the process, the SO2 is reduced to sulfur by-product and the NO3 is reduced to nitrogen and oxygen. It is predicted that the process can economically remove 90% of the acid rain precursor gases from the flue gas stream in a retrofit or new facility. The objective of the NOXSO Demonstration Project is to design, construct, and operate a flue gas treatment system utilizing the NOXSO process. The effectiveness of the process will be demonstrated by achieving significant reductions in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. In addition, sufficient operating data will be obtained to confirm the process economics and provide a basis to guarantee performance on a commercial scale. The project is presently in the project definition and preliminary design phase. Data obtained during pilot plant testing which was completed on July 30, 1993 is being incorporated in the design of the commercial size plant. A suitable host site to demonstrate the NOXSO process on a commercial scale is presently being sought. The plant general arrangement has been revised to incorporate principles used in the design of fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) plants. A NOXSO plant availability analysis was prepared using operating experience from the recently completed pilot plant as a basis. The impact of water desorption in the sorbent heater and water adsorption in the sorbent cooler has been quantified and incorporated into the NOXSO process simulator. NOXSO process economics has been updated based on the present design. Capital cost for a 500 MW plant designed to remove 98% of the SO2 and 85% of the NO3 is estimated at $247/kW.

Download or read book SOXAL Combined SO3 NO3 Flue Gas Control Demonstration Quarterly Report July September 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AQUATECH Systems, a business unit of Allied-Signal Inc., proposes to demonstrate the technical viability and cost effectiveness of the SOXAL process a combined SOx/NOx control process on a 3 MW equivalent flue gas slip stream from Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation Dunkirk Steam Station Boiler No. 4, a coal fired boiler. The SOXAL process combines 90+% sulfur dioxide removal from the flue gas using a sodium based scrubbing solution and regeneration of the spent scrubbing liquor using AQUATECH Systems̀ proprietary bipolar membrane technology. This regeneration step recovers a stream of sulfur dioxide suitable for subsequent processing to salable sulfur or sulfuric acid. Additionally 90+% control of NOx gases can be achieved in combination with conventional urea/methanol injection of NO2 gas into the duct. The SOXAL process is applicable to both utility and industrial scale boilers using either high or lower sulfur coal. The SOXAL demonstration Program began September 10, 1991 and is approximately 26 months in duration. During the 6 months of scheduled operations, between January and July of 1993, data was collected from the SOXAL system to define: SO2 and NOx control efficiencies; Current efficiency for the regeneration unit; Sulfate oxidation in the absorber; Make-up reagent rates; Product quality including concentrations and compositions; System integration and control philosophy; and Membrane stability and performance with respect to foulants. The program is expected to be concluded in November 1993.

Download or read book Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2 NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System Quarterly Technical Progress Report No 9 March 1 May 31 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NOXSO process is a dry, post-combustion flue gas treatment technology which uses a regenerable sorbent to simultaneously adsorb sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from the flue gas of a coal-fired utility boiler. In the process, the SO2 is reduced to elemental sulfur and the NOx is reduced to nitrogen and oxygen. It is predicted that the process can economically remove 90% of the acid rain precursor gases from the flue gas stream in a retrofit or new facility. The objective of the NOXSO Demonstration Project is to design, construct, and operate a flue gas treatment system utilizing the NOXSO process at Ohio Edisons̀ Niles Plant Unit {number_sign}1. The effectiveness of the process will be demonstrated by achieving significant reductions in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. In addition, sufficient operating data will be obtained to confirm the process economics and provide a basis to guarantee performance on a commercial scale. Ohio Edisons̀ Niles Plant Unit {number_sign}1 generates 115 MW of electricity and 275,000 scfm of flue gas while burning 3.5% sulfur coal. The project is presently in the project definition and preliminary design phase. This phase was included in the project to allow completion of process studies and preliminary activities which could be conducted in parallel with NOXSOs̀ pilot plant project being conducted at Ohio Edisons̀ Toronto Power Plant.

Download or read book Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2 NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System Quarterly Technical Progress Report No 13 March 1 1994 May 31 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NOXSO process is a dry, post-combustion flue gas treatment technology which uses a regenerable sorbent to simultaneously adsorb sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NO3 from the flue gas of a coal-fired utility boiler. In the process, the SO2 is converted to a sulfur by-product and the NO3 is converted to nitrogen and oxygen. It is predicted that the process can economically remove 90% of the acid rain precursor gases from the flue gas stream in a retrofit or new facility. The objective of the NOXSO Demonstration Project is to design, construct, and operate a flue gas treatment system utilizing the NOXSO process. The effectiveness of the process will be demonstrated by achieving significant reductions in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. In addition, sufficient operating data will be obtained to confirm the process economics and provide a basis to guarantee performance on a commercial scale. The project is presently in the project definition and preliminary design phase. Data obtained during pilot plant testing which was completed on July 30, 1993 is being incorporated in the design of the commercial size plant. A suitable host site to demonstrate the NOXSO process on a commercial scale is presently being sought. Preliminary engineering activities involved evaluating various design options for the major process vessels with the principal focus being on the sorbent heater vessel, which is operated at the highest temperature. Additionally, the impact of the NOXSO system on power plant particulate emissions and opacity was estimated. It is predicted that particulate emissions will decrease slightly while opacity will increase slightly. Neither change will be significant enough to have an impact on emissions compliance. Advertised performance of the proposed adsorber separator is being verified by laboratory testing. Process studies activities included POC equipment inspection and materials evaluations.

Download or read book SOXAL Combined SO3 NO3 Flue Gas Control Demonstration Quarterly Report January March 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AQUATECH Systems a business unit of Allied-Signal Inc., proposes to demonstrate the technical viability and cost effectiveness of the SOXAL process a combined SOx/NOx control process on a 3 MW equivalent flue gas slip stream from Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation, Dunkirk Steam Station Boiler No. 4, a coal fired boiler. The SOXAL process combines 90+% sulfur dioxide removal from the flue gas using a sodium based scrubbing solution and regeneration of the spent scrubbing liquor using AQUATECH Systems̀ proprietary bipolar membrane technology. This regeneration step recovers a stream of sulfur dioxide suitable for subsequent processing to salable sulfur or sulfuric acid. Additionally 90+% control of NOx gases can be achieved in combination with conventional urea/methanol injection of NO2 gas into the duct. The SOXAL process is applicable to both utility and industrial scale boilers using either high or low sulfur coal. The SOXAL demonstration Program began September 10, 1991 and is approximately 22 months in duration. During the 6 months of scheduled operations period, expected to begin January 1992, data will be collected from the SOXAL system to define: SO2 and NOx control efficiencies; Current efficiency for the regeneration unit; Sulfate oxidation in the absorber; Make-up reagent rates; Product quality including concentrations and compositions; System integration and control philosophy; and Membrane stability and performance with respect to foulants.

Download or read book Advanced Separation Technology for Flue Gas Cleanup Quarterly Technical Report No 3 January 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the fourth quarter of 1992, we continued work on Tasks 2, 3, and 4. In Task 2, we continued preparation of the reversible absorption apparatus for measuring SO2 and NO(subscript x) solubilities. We received and installed the gas cabinet necessary for safe handling of these gases and made several modifications to the reversible absorption apparatus aimed at reducing the time required for each measurement. We also began evaluating chromatography columns for their ability to separate SO2, N2, and O2. In Task 3, we synthesized three polymers of dimethylangline (DMA). The first, an oligomer of DMA, resulted in an insoluble (to most solvents) solid that is unsuitable for use as an absorbent. In order to produce a liquid material, we synthesized several DMA copolymers. A 50:50 (mole ratio) copolymer of N-phenylaziridine and propyleneimine also resulted in a solid; however, reducing the N-phenylaziridine to propyleneimine ratio to 30:70 produced a liquid at room temperature. Fourteen grams of the 30:70 copolymer were, prepared for absorption measurements. In Task 4, we performed three sets of BFC experiments. The objective of the first two sets was to determine the liquid phase mass transfer coefficient and the objective of the third set was to determine SO2 removal efficiencies. The Hoechst/Celanese (H/C) BFC modules were not received until late December, limiting us to prototype modules. SO2 removal efficiencies were greater than 96% even with the prototype modules.

Download or read book Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2 NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System Quarterly Technical Progress Report No 4 December 1 1991 February 29 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NOXSO Process is a dry, post-combustion flue gas treatment technology which uses a regenerable sorbent to simultaneously adsorb sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from the flue gas of a coal-fired utility boiler. In the process, the SO2 is reduced to elemental sulfur and the NOx is reduced to nitrogen and oxygen. It is predicted that the process can economically remove 90% of the acid rain precursor gases from the flue gas stream in a retrofit or new facility. The objective of the NOXSO Demonstration Project is to design, construct, and operate a flue gas treatment system utilizing the NOXSO Process at Ohio Edisons̀ Niles Plant Unit {number_sign}1. The effectiveness of the process will be demonstrated by achieving significant reductions in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. In addition, sufficient operating data will be obtained to confirm the process economics and provide a basis to guarantee performance on a commercial scale. Ohio Edisons̀ Niles Plant Unit {number_sign}1 generates 115 MW of electricity and 275,000 scfm of flue gas while burning 3.5% sulfur coal. The project is presently in the project definition and preliminary design phase. This phase was included in the project to allow completion of process studies and preliminary activities which could be conducted in parallel with NOXSOs̀ pilot plant project being conducted at Ohio Edisons̀ Toronto Power Plant.

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: