Download or read book Novel Technologies for SO3 NO3 Removal from Flue Gas Quarterly Technical Report December 1 1993 February 28 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this project is to develop a cost-effective low temperature deNOx catalyst to be used in the Research Triangle Institute-Waterloo SOx/NOx process for boiler retrofit applications. The performance goal of the catalyst is to convert over 80% of the NO in the flue gas at a temperature as low as 150°C in the presence of 4% O2 and 10% water. Based on the results obtained in the first quarter, which showed that modification of a Cu-ZrO2 catalyst with Nd increased the conversion of NO to N2, especially at higher partial pressures of oxygen, and that ethanol was a more effective reductant than propene in the presence of water vapor, research was conducted in this quarter to investigate the use of other modifiers and other alcohols as reductants. It was found that modification of Cu-ZrO2 by La was more effective than by Nd or Gd. It decreased the hydrocarbon combustion activity of the catalyst while increasing the NO conversion. A Cu-Ga2O3 catalyst was also tested. It was superior to Cu-ZrO2 at temperatures higher than 250°C, but inferior at lower temperatures. On the La-Cu-ZrO2 catalyst, isobutanol was a very effective reductant for NO, being more effective than ethanol. In the presence of 4% O2, 2% water, and with a space velocity of 3000 h−1, an NO conversion to N2 of 83% was obtained using 1200 ppM isobutanol at 200°C. This is believed to be the highest conversion reported to data without using NH3 as the reductant. Other catalysts not containing copper were also tested, but their performance was inferior to this La-Cu-ZrO2 catalyst.

Download or read book Novel Technologies for SO3 NO3 Removal from Flue Gas Technical Report March 1 1994 May 31 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this project is to develop a cost-effective low temperature deNOx catalyst to be used in the Research Triangle Institute-Waterloo SO2/NOx process for boiler retrofit applications. The performance goal of the catalyst is to convert over 80% of the NO in the flue gas at a temperature as low as 150°C in the presence of 4% O2, and 10% water. Based on the results obtained in the previous quarter, which showed a La-Cu-ZrO2 catalyst to be a promising low temperature catalyst in the presence of 2% H2O in the reduction of NO to N2 with isobutanol, research was conducted to investigate the variations in feed conditions on the performance of the catalyst. Specifically, the effect of increased H2O concentration and the effect of NO2 in the feed were investigated. Although the activity of the catalyst declined when the H2O concentration was increased from 2 to 10%, the decline was relatively mild compared with that when the water content was changed from 0 to 2%. The effect of NO2 was investigated because oxidation of NO to NO2, a thermodynamically favorable process, proceeds at a finite rate even in the absence of a catalyst. It was found that, under the low temperature reaction conditions, replacement of NO2 with NO did not affect the catalytic performance of the La-Cu-ZrO2 catalyst. Besides studying the La-Cu-ZrO2 catalyst, effort has continued in screening other potential catalysts. A promising 5%Cu-2%Ag catalyst supported on active carbon was found that catalyzes NO reduction by acetone. At 150°C, 35% NO conversion was obtained in the presence of 4% O2 and 8% H2O at a space velocity of 3000 h−1 after 5 h on stream.

Download or read book Novel Technologies for SO3 NO3 Removal from Flue Gas Technical Report September 1 November 30 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this research is to develop a low temperature deNOx catalyst with activity high enough for boiler retrofit applications. Cu-ZrO2 is a promising low temperature catalyst for the selective reduction of No by propene. At NO = 1000 ppm, propene (C3H6) = 1000 ppm and 02 = 1% and a space velocity of 13,000 h−1, the NO conversion to N2 is 64% at 265°C. The performance of the catalyst, however, does not fulfill the requirement when used for flue gas clean up where the feed is composed of 4% O2 and 10% H2O, and the temperature is 150°C. Methods to improve the performance of the catalyst are being sought. These include modification of the preparation method such as varying the aging time of the gel after precipitation, and addition of promoters like Pd and Nd to increase the catalytic activity at lower temperatures and higher 02 concentrations. Using ethanol (C2H5OH) instead of C3H6 as a reductant improves the performance of the catalyst when H2O is present. Interestingly, methanol is not an effective reductant. Some modified carbon catalysts are also tested. Results on Cu impregnated ASC whetlerite carbon catalyst show 100% N2 selectivity and 35 % NO conversion at 200°C. However, the catalyst is unstable and deactivates rapidly. Work planned for the next quarter is to continue to investigate methods to improve the catalytic activity.

Download or read book Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2 NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System Quarterly Technical Progress Report No 12 December 1 1993 February 28 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NOXSO process is a dry, post-combustion flue gas treatment technology which uses a regenerable sorbent to simultaneously adsorb sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NO3 from the flue gas of a coal-fired utility boiler. In the process, the SO2 is reduced to sulfur by-product and the NO3 is reduced to nitrogen and oxygen. It is predicted that the process can economically remove 90% of the acid rain precursor gases from the flue gas stream in a retrofit or new facility. The objective of the NOXSO Demonstration Project is to design, construct, and operate a flue gas treatment system utilizing the NOXSO process. The effectiveness of the process will be demonstrated by achieving significant reductions in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. In addition, sufficient operating data will be obtained to confirm the process economics and provide a basis to guarantee performance on a commercial scale. The project is presently in the project definition and preliminary design phase. Data obtained during pilot plant testing which was completed on July 30, 1993 is being incorporated in the design of the commercial size plant. A suitable host site to demonstrate the NOXSO process on a commercial scale is presently being sought. The plant general arrangement has been revised to incorporate principles used in the design of fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) plants. A NOXSO plant availability analysis was prepared using operating experience from the recently completed pilot plant as a basis. The impact of water desorption in the sorbent heater and water adsorption in the sorbent cooler has been quantified and incorporated into the NOXSO process simulator. NOXSO process economics has been updated based on the present design. Capital cost for a 500 MW plant designed to remove 98% of the SO2 and 85% of the NO3 is estimated at $247/kW.

Download or read book Novel Technologies for SO3 NO3 Removal from Flue Gas written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this project is to develop a cost-effective low temperature deNOx process. NOx removal at temperatures between 120C--150C was investigated using the approaches of (1) selective reduction of NOx by alcohol or acetone (2) adsorption of NOx with an effective sorbent. The chief problem encountered in low temperature reduction of NO was catalyst deactivation due to coke formation. In this quarter, a possible solution explored was increasing the loading of precious metals (Pd and Ag) on oxide supports, as precious metals are known to be effective in the oxidation of hydrocarbons at low temperatures. However, no improvement was observed. Another solution was the replacement of NO by NO2 in the feed for the carbon-based catalyst tested, as NO2 was observed to slow down the deactivation rate over Cu-ZrO2 catalyst. However, rapid reduction of NO2 to NO by the carbon support occurred, making this approach impractical. As part of this approach, search for better NO oxidation catalysts continued this quarter. It was found that on different carbon catalysts at 30C and a W/F of 0.01g.min/cc, NO conversion to NO2 between 82--90% can be achieved. This activity, however, decreased with increasing temperature. SO2 also poisoned the oxidation activity of the activated carbon. Au dispersed on lanthanum oxide was another catalyst tested and had an NO conversion to NO2 of 17% at 250C. The catalytic performance of this catalyst could be improved by increasing its surface area. Finally, the adsorption capacity of NOx of a carbon sample provided by ISGS and an inorganic sorbent were tested. The capacity of the inorganic sorbent was found to be much higher.

Download or read book Production and Use of Activated Char for Combined SO2 NO3 Removal Quarterly Technical Report December 1 1993 February 28 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During this reporting period, a thermogravimetric technique was developed to determine the kinetics of SO2 adsorption on a series of chars prepared from IBC-102 coal. Also, a temperature programmed desorption (TPD) method was developed to determine the nature and extent of carbon-oxygen (C-O) complexes formed on the surface of the char. An attempt was made to relate this information to observed SO2 adsorption behavior. An IBC-102 char prepared with an N2-BET surface area of 10 m2/g adsorbed significantly less SO2 than chars prepared with surface areas> 200 m2/g. However, for chars with surface areas> 200 m2/g, the amount of available surface area was not as important as the chemistry of the surface. A steam activated char adsorbed the most SO2, comparable to the amount adsorbed by a commercial activated carbon. TPD performed on the steam activated char revealed the presence of CO-forming C-O complexes which were basic in nature. The other chars all contained significant amounts of more acidic CO2-forming complexes. Because SO2 is an acid gas, a carbon adsorbent with a basic surface should adsorb more SO2. To enhance SO2 adsorption, a novel char preparation method was devised to 2 create a basic surface with up to ten times more CO-forming C-O complexes than formed by steam activation.

Download or read book Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2 NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System Quarterly Technical Progress Report No 4 December 1 1991 February 29 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NOXSO Process is a dry, post-combustion flue gas treatment technology which uses a regenerable sorbent to simultaneously adsorb sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from the flue gas of a coal-fired utility boiler. In the process, the SO2 is reduced to elemental sulfur and the NOx is reduced to nitrogen and oxygen. It is predicted that the process can economically remove 90% of the acid rain precursor gases from the flue gas stream in a retrofit or new facility. The objective of the NOXSO Demonstration Project is to design, construct, and operate a flue gas treatment system utilizing the NOXSO Process at Ohio Edisons̀ Niles Plant Unit {number_sign}1. The effectiveness of the process will be demonstrated by achieving significant reductions in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. In addition, sufficient operating data will be obtained to confirm the process economics and provide a basis to guarantee performance on a commercial scale. Ohio Edisons̀ Niles Plant Unit {number_sign}1 generates 115 MW of electricity and 275,000 scfm of flue gas while burning 3.5% sulfur coal. The project is presently in the project definition and preliminary design phase. This phase was included in the project to allow completion of process studies and preliminary activities which could be conducted in parallel with NOXSOs̀ pilot plant project being conducted at Ohio Edisons̀ Toronto Power Plant.

Download or read book IGR NO3 SO3 Control Technology Quarterly Report January 1 1994 March 31 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the first quarter of 1994, progress was made in several areas critical to the IGR NOx/SOx control technology. Work was conducted on an approach to the development of electrocatalyst materials that improve the electrical efficiency required for economical NOx/SOx destruction. Improved efficiencies are required for cost-effective NOx/SOx destruction. In conjunction with the above work, improved preparation methods were developed. During this term NOx destruction was quantified between 450°C and 550°C. NOx destruction was obtained in oxygen levels of up to 5.7% at these temperatures. Significant process was additionally made in the field of SO2 removal. Up to 75% SO2 removal was achieved in 5.7% O2 at 550°C. In accordance with IGRs̀ planned research strategy IGR used the excellent prior experimental results achieved for NOx removal as the technical basis to study SO2 removal.

Download or read book Sulfur Removal in Advanced Two stage Fluidized bed Combustion Quarterly Technical Report December 1 1993 February 28 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this study is to obtain data on the rates of reaction between, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and uncalcined calcium-based sorbents under operating conditions relevant to first stage (carbonizer) of Advanced Two-Stage Pressurized Fluidized-Bed Combustors (PFBC). In these systems the CO2 partial pressure in the first stage generally exceeds the equilibrium value for calcium carbonate decomposition. Therefore, removal of sulfur compounds takes place through the reaction between H2S and calcium carbonate. To achieve this objective the rates of reaction between hydrogen sulfide and uncalcined calcium-based sorbents will be determined by conducting tests in pressurized thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and high-pressure/high-temperature fluidized-bed reactor (HPTR) units. The effects of sorbent type, sorbent particle size, reactor temperature and pressure, and CO2 and H2S partial pressures on the sulfidation reaction rate will be determined. During this quarter, the high-pressure thermogravimetric analyzer (HPTGA) unit was installed and the shakedown process was completed. Several tests were conducted in the HPTGA unit to establish the operating procedure and the repeatability of the experimental results. Sulfidation by conducting the baseline sulfidation tests. The results are currently being analyzed.

Download or read book Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2 NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System Quarterly Technical Progress Report No 10 June 1 August 31 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NOXSO process is a dry, post-combustion flue gas treatment technology which uses a regenerable sorbent to simultaneously adsorb sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from the flue gas of a coal-fired utility boiler. In the process, the SO2 is reduced to sulfur by-product (elemental sulfur, sulfuric acid, or liquid SO2) and the NOx is reduced to nitrogen and oxygen. It is predicted that the process can economically remove 90% of the acid rain precursor gases from the flue gas stream in a retrofit or new facility. The objective of the NOXSO Demonstration Project is to design, construct, and operate a flue gas treatment system utilizing the NOXSO process at Ohio Edisons̀ Niles Plant Unit {number_sign}1. The effectiveness of the process will be demonstrated by achieving significant reductions in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. In addition, sufficient operating data will be obtained to confirm the process economics and provide a basis to guarantee performance on a commercial scale. The project is presently in the project definition and preliminary design phase. Data obtained during pilot plant testing which was completed on July 30, 1993 is being incorporated in the design of the commercial size plant. A suitable host site to demonstrate the NOXSO process on a commercial scale is presently being sought.

Download or read book Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2 NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System Quarterly Technical Progress Report No 9 March 1 May 31 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NOXSO process is a dry, post-combustion flue gas treatment technology which uses a regenerable sorbent to simultaneously adsorb sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from the flue gas of a coal-fired utility boiler. In the process, the SO2 is reduced to elemental sulfur and the NOx is reduced to nitrogen and oxygen. It is predicted that the process can economically remove 90% of the acid rain precursor gases from the flue gas stream in a retrofit or new facility. The objective of the NOXSO Demonstration Project is to design, construct, and operate a flue gas treatment system utilizing the NOXSO process at Ohio Edisons̀ Niles Plant Unit {number_sign}1. The effectiveness of the process will be demonstrated by achieving significant reductions in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. In addition, sufficient operating data will be obtained to confirm the process economics and provide a basis to guarantee performance on a commercial scale. Ohio Edisons̀ Niles Plant Unit {number_sign}1 generates 115 MW of electricity and 275,000 scfm of flue gas while burning 3.5% sulfur coal. The project is presently in the project definition and preliminary design phase. This phase was included in the project to allow completion of process studies and preliminary activities which could be conducted in parallel with NOXSOs̀ pilot plant project being conducted at Ohio Edisons̀ Toronto Power Plant.

Download or read book Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2 NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System Quarterly Technical Progress Report No 11 September 1 November 30 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NOXSO process is a dry, post-combustion flue gas treatment technology which uses a regenerable sorbent to simultaneously adsorb sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NO3 from the flue gas of a coal-fired utility boiler. In the process, the SO2 is reduced to sulfur by-product and the NO3 is reduced to nitrogen and oxygen. It is predicted that the process can economically remove 90% of the acid rain precursor gases from the flue gas stream in a retrofit or new facility. The objective of the NOXSO Demonstration Project is to design, construct, and operate a flue gas treatment system utilizing the NOXSO process. The effectiveness of the process will be demonstrated by achieving significant reductions in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. In addition, sufficient operating data will be obtained to confirm the process economics and provide a basis to guarantee performance on a commercial scale. The project is presently in the project definition and preliminary design phase. Data obtained during pilot plant testing which was completed on July 30, 1993 is being incorporated in the design of the commercial size plant. A suitable host site to demonstrate the NOXSO process on a commercial scale is presently being sought. Preliminary engineering studies provided information to decide on the basic plant arrangement. A scaled up POC design was selected as the general arrangement of choice based on a cost versus technical risk assessment. The first step in developing an adsorber computer simulation was completed. Several processes for producing liquid SO2 from the regenerator offgas were developed and evaluated. It was concluded that the Claus and burn process which involves making elemental sulfur as an intermediate product was the best choice. The NOXSO process computer simulation was updated to include semi-plug solids flow through the fluidized beds of the sorbent heater and cooler. Heat loss calculations were also added.

Download or read book Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2 NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System Quarterly Technical Progress Report No 13 March 1 1994 May 31 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NOXSO process is a dry, post-combustion flue gas treatment technology which uses a regenerable sorbent to simultaneously adsorb sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NO3 from the flue gas of a coal-fired utility boiler. In the process, the SO2 is converted to a sulfur by-product and the NO3 is converted to nitrogen and oxygen. It is predicted that the process can economically remove 90% of the acid rain precursor gases from the flue gas stream in a retrofit or new facility. The objective of the NOXSO Demonstration Project is to design, construct, and operate a flue gas treatment system utilizing the NOXSO process. The effectiveness of the process will be demonstrated by achieving significant reductions in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. In addition, sufficient operating data will be obtained to confirm the process economics and provide a basis to guarantee performance on a commercial scale. The project is presently in the project definition and preliminary design phase. Data obtained during pilot plant testing which was completed on July 30, 1993 is being incorporated in the design of the commercial size plant. A suitable host site to demonstrate the NOXSO process on a commercial scale is presently being sought. Preliminary engineering activities involved evaluating various design options for the major process vessels with the principal focus being on the sorbent heater vessel, which is operated at the highest temperature. Additionally, the impact of the NOXSO system on power plant particulate emissions and opacity was estimated. It is predicted that particulate emissions will decrease slightly while opacity will increase slightly. Neither change will be significant enough to have an impact on emissions compliance. Advertised performance of the proposed adsorber separator is being verified by laboratory testing. Process studies activities included POC equipment inspection and materials evaluations.

Download or read book Plasma assisted Cleanup of Flue Gas Technical Report December 1 1992 February 28 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of the proposed research is to design and implement a novel scheme for the combined removal of SO2 and NO(subscript x) using a dielectric-barrier discharge in conjunction with UV irradiation. This investigation requires the design of a dielectric-barrier reactor and testing the proposed scheme under different conditions. Extensive tests have been performed on the reactor during this period. The tests include electrical and optical emission spectroscopy for air, pure oxygen, pure nitrogen and, air with CO2 and SO2. These tests show that with an attaching gas (O2, CO2, and SO2) the discharge tends to form filamentory microdischarges. However, the use of UV irradiation tends to make the discharge more uniform. The results are encouraging because it shows that under most conditions a uniform atmospheric discharge can be maintained with UV irradiation. The results of the study were presented at the EPRI Symposium on Environmental Applications of Advanced oxidation Technologies. This symposium was jointly sponsored by EPRI and NSF.

Download or read book Advanced Separation Technology for Flue Gas Cleanup Quarterly Technical Report No 3 January 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the fourth quarter of 1992, we continued work on Tasks 2, 3, and 4. In Task 2, we continued preparation of the reversible absorption apparatus for measuring SO2 and NO(subscript x) solubilities. We received and installed the gas cabinet necessary for safe handling of these gases and made several modifications to the reversible absorption apparatus aimed at reducing the time required for each measurement. We also began evaluating chromatography columns for their ability to separate SO2, N2, and O2. In Task 3, we synthesized three polymers of dimethylangline (DMA). The first, an oligomer of DMA, resulted in an insoluble (to most solvents) solid that is unsuitable for use as an absorbent. In order to produce a liquid material, we synthesized several DMA copolymers. A 50:50 (mole ratio) copolymer of N-phenylaziridine and propyleneimine also resulted in a solid; however, reducing the N-phenylaziridine to propyleneimine ratio to 30:70 produced a liquid at room temperature. Fourteen grams of the 30:70 copolymer were, prepared for absorption measurements. In Task 4, we performed three sets of BFC experiments. The objective of the first two sets was to determine the liquid phase mass transfer coefficient and the objective of the third set was to determine SO2 removal efficiencies. The Hoechst/Celanese (H/C) BFC modules were not received until late December, limiting us to prototype modules. SO2 removal efficiencies were greater than 96% even with the prototype modules.

Download or read book Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2 NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System Quarterly Technical Progress Report No 5 March 1 May 31 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NOXSO Process is a dry, post-combustion flue gas treatment technology which uses a regenerable sorbent to simultaneously adsorb sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from the flue gas of a coal-fired utility boiler. In the process, the SO2 is reduced to elemental sulfur and the NOx is reduced to nitrogen and oxygen. It is predicted that the process can economically remove 90% of the acid rain precursor gases from the flue gas stream in a retrofit or new facility. This project is presently in the project definition and preliminary design phase. This phase was included in the project to allow completion of process studies and preliminary activities which could be conducted in parallel with NOXSOs̀ pilot plant project being conducted at Ohio Edisons̀ Toronto Power Plant.

Download or read book Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2 NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System Quarterly Technical Progress Report No 3 September 1 November 30 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NOXSO Process is a dry, post-combustion flue gas treatment technology which uses a regenerable sorbent to simultaneously adsorb sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from the flue gas of a coal-fired utility boiler. In the process, the SO2 is reduced to elemental sulfur and the NOx is reduced to nitrogen and oxygen. It is predicted that the process can economically remove 90% of the acid rain precursor gases from the flue gas stream in a retrofit or new facility. The objective of the NOXSO Demonstration Project is to design, construct, and operate a flue gas treatment system utilizing the NOXSO Process at Ohio Edisons̀ Niles Plant Unit 1. The effectiveness of the process will be demonstrated by achieving significant reductions in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. In addition, sufficient operating data will be obtained to confirm the process economics and provide a basis to guarantee performance on a commercial scale. Ohio Edisons̀ Niles Plant Unit 1 generates 115 MW of electricity and 275,000 scfm of flue gas while burning 3.5% sulfur coal.