Download or read book Novel Sorption Enhanced Reaction Process for Simultaneous Production of CO2 and H2 from Synthesis Gas Produced by Coal Gasification written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this project is to evaluate the extensive feasibility of a novel concept called Thermal Swing Sorption Enhanced Reaction (TSSER) process to simultaneously produce H2 and CO2 as a single unit operation in a sorber-reactor. The successful demonstration of the potential feasibility of the TSSER concept implies that it is worth pursuing further development of the idea. This can be done by more extensive evaluation of the basic sorptive properties of the CO2 chemisorbents at realistic high pressures and by continuing the experimental and theoretical study of the TSSER process. This will allow us to substantiate the assumptions made during the preliminary design and evaluation of the process and firm up the initial conclusions. The task performed under this project consists of (i) retrofitting an existing single column sorption apparatus for measurement of high pressure CO2 sorption characteristics, (ii) measurement of high pressure CO2 chemisorption equilibria, kinetics and sorption-desorption column dynamic characteristics under the conditions of thermal swing operation of the TSSER process, (iii) experimental evaluation of the individual steps of the TSSER process (iv) development of extended mathematical model for simulating cyclic continuous operation of TSSER to aid in process scale-up and for guiding future work, (v) simulate and test SER concept using realistic syngas composition, (vi) extensive demonstration of the thermal stability of sorbents using a TGA apparatus, (vii) investigation of the surfaces of the adsorbents and adsorbed CO2, and (viii) test the effects of sulfur compounds found in syngas on the CO2 sorbents.

Download or read book Sorption Enhanced Reaction Concepts For Hydrogen Production Materials Processes written by K.B. Lee and published by . This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An emerging area of research and development called Sorption Enhanced Reaction (SER) has generated much interest during the last decade in the development of (a) new reversible chemisorbents for carbon dioxide in presence of steam and (b) process schemes using those materials for production of fuel-cell grade H2 from (i) natural gas by low temperature endothermic steam-methane reforming (SMR) reaction, and (ii) synthesis gas by exothermic water gas shift (WGS) reaction, with or without simultaneous production of a by-product CO2 stream for subsequent sequestration. The research is primarily driven by the advent of the hydrogen economy and the concern of global warming and ocean acidification by CO2 emission to the atmosphere . The SER concepts are based on the well-known Le Chatelier s principle that the thermodynamic limitations (product purity and conversion) of an equilibrium-controlled reaction (catalytic or otherwise) can be circumvented by carrying out the reaction in presence of a sorbent which selectively removes a reaction product from the reaction zone, thereby increasing the conversion of reactants to products and the rate of the forward reaction. The two key chemical reactions are: SMR Reaction (Endothermic): CH4 + H2O ? CO + 3 H2, WGS Reaction (Exothermic): CO + H2O ? CO2 + H2, Both reactions are equilibrium-controlled and in situ removal of CO2 from the reaction zone at the reaction conditions will benefit production of H2 in many different ways. The thermodynamics of SMR reaction is favored at higher temperatures and conventional SMR reactors are operated above 800 oC requiring expensive alloyed steel reactors. The SER concept permits drastic lowering of the reaction temperature to 450 550 oC without sacrificing the conversion of CH4 to H2, thus significantly reducing the capital and operating costs of the reactor. It also enhances the rates of the forward reactions. Furthermore, the concept (i) minimizes or eliminates carbon formation and catalyst deactivation, (ii) increases H2 product purity, and (iii) decreases the footprint of the plant by combining the reaction and product purification steps in a single unit. The thermodynamics of the WGS reaction is favored at the lower temperatures. However, conventional WGS reactors are operated in the temperature range of 250 400 oC in order to achieve an acceptable rate of reaction. The SER concept enhances the rate of WGS reaction at lower temperatures and improves the conversion of CO to H2 and product purity. It also combines the reaction and the product purification steps in a single unit. This compendium contains six comprehensive articles describing CO2 chemisorbents and SER process concepts for H2 production. They were written by six eminent research groups around the world who have direct and extensive expertise on these subjects. The following table gives the author names, affiliations, and the titles of the articles. The CO2 chemisorbents employed in these studies include materials which undergo bulk chemical reactions with CO2 as well as materials where the CO2 chemisorption is limited to the surface. The SER processes involve a multitude of variations including pressure swing adsorption (PSA) schemes, thermal swing adsorption (TSA) schemes, combinations thereof, fixed-bed and fluidized-bed operations, continuous or semi-batch operations, etc. Experimental as well as model simulations of the process performances are also reported by the authors. The paper by Rodrigues, Xiu, Li, Grande, and Oliveira from the University of Porto, Portugal describes the simulated performance of two different SER concepts for production of H2 by SMR which employ the principles of PSA and commercial hydrotalcites modified by potassium and cesium carbonates as CO2 sorbents. The PSA concepts use (i) purge with 10% H2 in N2 for regeneration and (ii) subsections with different sorbent/catalyst ratio and operating temperatures. The paper by He and Chen from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway provides an extensive review of CO2 acceptors for use in SER-SMR concepts for H2 production. The materials include CaO/dolomite, Li2ZrO3, Na2ZrO3 among others. The key topics include thermodynamics and kinetics of SER process using these materials, stability of the sorbents, as well as basic SER process concepts. The paper by Harrison from Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, U.S.A. reviews various SER-SMR process designs using CaO as the CO2 sorbent. The concept can lower the SMR reaction temperature by ~200 oC compared to the conventional reaction temperature. The article by Beaver, Lee, Caram, and Sircar from the Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, U.S.A. reviews their recent works on a novel rapid thermal swing sorption enhanced reaction concepts for (i) production of fuel-cell grade H2 by low temperature SMR and (ii) simultaneous production of fuel-cell grade H2 and pure, compressed CO2 for subsequent sequestration from synthesis gas produced by coal gasification. Simulated process performance of these concepts are presented using K2CO3 promoted hydrotalcite and Na2O promoted alumina as CO2 sorbents. The paper by Lee, Yoon, and Baek from the Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon, Korea presents model parametric studies of process design variables for production of H2 using a SER-SMR concept employing CaO as the CO2 sorbent. The article by Barelli, Bidini, and Gallorini from the University of Perugia, Italy describes a model analysis of a thermo-fluid dynamic model of a fixed-bed SER-SMR reactor for H2 production and its experimental verification. We believe that the present compilation provides a state of the art research status for the subject and will form an excellent starting point for future research. We are grateful to the authors for their kind and timely participation and contributions for making this publication a reality. We also thank Dr. S. G. Pandalai, Managing Editor of Research Signpost for inviting us to prepare this special review book and providing us with all the help for its publication.

Download or read book Mass Transfer written by A. P. SINHA and published by PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. This book was released on 2012-05-09 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the fundamental principles of the mass transfer phenomenon and its diverse applications in process industry. It covers the full spectrum of techniques for chemical separations and extraction. Beginning with molecular diffusion in gases, liquids and solids within a single phase, the mechanism of inter-phase mass transfer is explained with the help of several theories. The separation operations are explained comprehensively in two distinct ways—stage-wise contact and continuous differential contact. The primary design requirements of gas–liquid equipment are discussed. The book provides a detailed discussion on all individual gas–liquid, liquid–liquid, solid–gas, and solid–liquid separation processes. The students are also exposed to the underlying principles of the membrane-based separation processes. The book is replete with real applications of separation processes and equipment. Problems are worked out in each chapter. Besides, problems with answers, short questions, multiple choice questions with answers are given at the end of each chapter. The text is intended for a course on mass transfer, transport and separation processes prescribed for the undergraduate and postgraduate students of chemical engineering.

Download or read book Hydrogen and Syngas Production and Purification Technologies written by Ke Liu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-01-07 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the timely topic of fuel cells and hydrogen-based energy from its fundamentals to practical applications Serves as a resource for practicing researchers and as a text in graduate-level programs Tackles crucial aspects in light of the new directions in the energy industry, in particular how to integrate fuel processing into contemporary systems like nuclear and gas power plants Includes homework-style problems

Download or read book Development of a Sorption Enhanced Steam Hydrogasification Process for In situ Carbon Dioxide CO subscript 2 Removal and Enhanced Synthetic Fuel Production written by Zhongzhe Liu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy security and climate change are two common challenges in the coming decades. The demand for energy is increasing. The CO[subscript 2] in the atmosphere has increased to almost 400ppm, and it is mainly from energy usage. How to deal with energy-related CO[subscript 2] emissions with the increasing demand for energy is becoming more crucial. Carbon capture and sequestration during energy production is an efficient way to guarantee enough energy supply with a smaller carbon footprint. One unique technique is using in-situ CO [subscript 2] capture technology, which uses a sorbent to capture CO[subscript 2] directly in the reactor. CO[subscript 2] is removed quickly as it forms by the sorbent, which can change the equilibrium to promote more energetic production. This technology has great potential to lower CO[subscript 2] emissions and get higher energy production simultaneously. A new concept of sorption enhanced steam hydrogasification reaction (SE-SHR) is the topic of this thesis. It combines sorption enhanced principles with the steam hydrogasification reaction (SHR). It was found that the addition of sorbent enhanced the CO [subscript 2] removal and increased the production of H[subscript 2] and CH[subscript 4] . Particularly, the amount of H[subscript 2] was increased dramatically. It was found that the increase in H[subscript 2] was enough to recycle when the CaO/C molar ratio was over 0.29. The sorption enhanced performance was also evaluated by varying other parameters including H[subscript 2] /C and Steam/C molar ratio, gasification temperature and sorbent particle size. A study of the kinetics of the system showed that higher gasification temperature favored faster formation rates of CO[subscript 2] , CO and CH[subscript 4] during both SHR and SE-SHR. The formation rates of CO[subscript 2] and CO at 650°C, 700°C and 750°C were much lower during SE-SHR. Several configurations based on SE-SHR for the production of Fischer Tropsch fuel and synthetic natural gas were developed and evaluated. The optimum gasification condition (H[subscript 2] /C-Steam/C) for Fischer Tropsch fuel production using SE-SHR based process was found to be 1.59-2.78. This process had lower total CO[subscript 2] emissions with higher fuel yield compared to the optimum SHR based process. SE-SHR-Methanation based process for SNG production with the optimum gasification condition (H [subscript 2] /C-Steam/C) of 1.08-2.22 had the highest CH[subscript 2] % and near zero CO[subscript 2] % in the final gas product.

Download or read book Proceedings of the 4th International Gas Processing Symposium written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-06-15 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural gas continues to be the fuel of choice for power generation and feedstock for a range of petrochemical industries. This trend is driven by environmental, economic and supply considerations with a balance clearly tilting in favor of natural gas as both fuel and feedstock. Despite the recent global economic uncertainty, the oil and gas industry is expected to continue its growth globally, especially in emerging economies. The expansion in LNG capacity coupled with recently launched and on-stream GTL plants poses real technological and environmental challenges. These important developments coupled with a global concern on green house gas emissions provide a fresh impetus to engage in new and more focused research activities aimed at mitigating or resolving the challenges facing the industry. Academic researchers and plant engineers in the gas processing industry will benefit from the state of the art papers published in this collection that cover natural gas utilization, sustainability and excellence in gas processing. Provides state-of-the-art contributions in the area of gas processing Covers solutions to technical and environmental problems Input from academia and industry

Download or read book Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis written by Prabir Basu and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-07-19 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers comprehensive coverage of the design, analysis, and operational aspects of biomass gasification, the key technology enabling the production of biofuels from all viable sources--some examples being sugar cane and switchgrass. This versatile resource not only explains the basic principles of energy conversion systems, but also provides valuable insight into the design of biomass gasifiers. The author provides many worked out design problems, step-by-step design procedures and real data on commercially operating systems. After fossil fuels, biomass is the most widely used fuel in the world. Biomass resources show a considerable potential in the long term if residues are properly handled and dedicated energy crops are grown. Includes step-by-step design procedures and case studies for Biomass GasificationProvides worked process flow diagrams for gasifier design. Covers integration with other technologies (e.g. gas turbine, engine, fuel cells)

Download or read book Coal Gasification and Its Applications written by David A. Bell and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2010-12-08 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Skyrocketing energy costs have spurred renewed interest in coal gasification. Currently available information on this subject needs to be updated, however, and focused on specific coals and end products. For example, carbon capture and sequestration, previously given little attention, now has a prominent role in coal conversion processes.This book approaches coal gasification and related technologies from a process engineering point of view, with topics chosen to aid the process engineer who is interested in a complete, coal-to-products system. It provides a perspective for engineers and scientists who analyze and improve components of coal conversion processes.The first topic describes the nature and availability of coal. Next, the fundamentals of gasification are described, followed by a description of gasification technologies and gas cleaning processes. The conversion of syngas to electricity, fuels and chemicals is then discussed. Finally, process economics are covered. Emphasis is given to the selection of gasification technology based on the type of coal fed to the gasifier and desired end product: E.g., lower temperature gasifiers produce substantial quantities of methane, which is undesirable in an ammonia synthesis feed. This book also reviews gasification kinetics which is informed by recent papers and process design studies by the US Department of Energy and other groups, and also largely ignored by other gasification books.• Approaches coal gasification and related technologies from a process engineering point of view, providing a perspective for engineers and scientists who analyze and improve components of coal conversion processes • Describes the fundamentals of gasification, gasification technologies, and gas cleaning processes • Emphasizes the importance of the coal types fed to the gasifier and desired end products • Covers gasification kinetics, which was largely ignored by other gasification books Provides a perspective for engineers and scientists who analyze and improve components of the coal conversion processes Describes the fundamentals of gasification, gasification technologies, and gas cleaning processes Covers gasification kinetics, which was largely ignored by other gasification books

Download or read book New Dimensions in Production and Utilization of Hydrogen written by Sonil Nanda and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-08-11 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The gradual increase of population and the consequential rise in the energy demands in the recent years have led to the overwhelming use of fossil fuels. Hydrogen has recently gained substantial interest because of its outstanding features to be used as clean energy carrier and energy vector. Moreover, hydrogen appears to be an effective alternative to tackle the issues of energy security and greenhouse gas emissions given that it is widely recognized as a clean fuel with high energy capacity. Hydrogen can be produced by various techniques such as thermochemical, hydrothermal, electrochemical, electrolytic, biological and photocatalytic methods as well as hybrid systems. New Dimensions in Production and Utilization of Hydrogen emphasizes on the research, development and innovations in the production and utilization of hydrogen in the industrial biorefining, hydrotreating and hydrogenation technologies, fuel cells, aerospace sector, pharmaceuticals, metallurgy, as well as bio-oil upgrading. Moreover, the supply chain analysis, lifecycle assessment, techno-economic analysis, as well as strengths and threats of global hydrogen market are covered in the book. This book provides many significant insights and scientific findings of key technologies for hydrogen production, storage and emerging applications. The book serves as a reference material for chemical and biochemical engineers, mechanical engineers, physicists, chemists, biologists, biomedical scientists and scholars working in the field of sustainable energy and materials. Discusses the efficient usage of hydrogen as standalone fuel or feedstock in downstream processing Outlines key technologies for hydrogen production and their emerging applications Includes innovative approaches to the research and applications of hydrogen, including hydrotreating technologies, fuel cell vehicles and green fuel synthesis, the aerospace sector, pharmaceuticals, carbon dioxide hydrogenation, and bio-oils upgrading Serves as a reference for chemical, biochemical, and mechanical engineers, physicists, chemists, biologists, and biomedical scientists working in sustainable energy and materials

Download or read book Sorption enhanced Reaction Processes written by Alírio E. Rodrigues and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Supported Layered Double Hydroxides as CO2 Adsorbents for Sorption enhanced H2 Production written by Diana Iruretagoyena Ferrer and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sorption enhanced Reaction Process for Electricity Production and CO2 Capture written by Hendricus Th. J. Reijers and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 2762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Calcium and Chemical Looping Technology for Power Generation and Carbon Dioxide CO2 Capture written by Paul Fennell and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-05-21 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calcium and Chemical Looping Technology for Power Generation and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Capture reviews the fundamental principles, systems, oxygen carriers, and carbon dioxide carriers relevant to chemical looping and combustion. Chapters review the market development, economics, and deployment of these systems, also providing detailed information on the variety of materials and processes that will help to shape the future of CO2 capture ready power plants. Reviews the fundamental principles, systems, oxygen carriers, and carbon dioxide carriers relevant to calcium and chemical looping Provides a lucid explanation of advanced concepts and developments in calcium and chemical looping, high pressure systems, and alternative CO2 carriers Presents information on the market development, economics, and deployment of these systems

Download or read book A Calcium Oxide Sorbent Process for Bulk Separation of Carbon Dioxide written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The expected commercialization of coal gasification technology in the US and world-wide will create a need for advanced gas purification and separation processes capable of operating at higher temperatures and in more hostile environments than is common today. For example, a high-temperature, high-pressure process capable of separating CO2 from coal-derived gas may find application in purifying synthesis gas for H2, NH3, or CH3OH production. High temperature CO2 removal has the potential for significantly improving the operating efficiency of integrated gasification-molten carbonate fuel cells for electric power generation. This study proved the technical feasibility of a CO2-separation process based upon the regenerable noncatalytic gas-solid reaction between CaO and CO2 to form CACO3. Such a process operating at 650°C and 15 atm with 15% CO2 in the coal gas has the potential for removing in excess of 99% of the CO2 fed. Selection of a sorbent precursor which, upon calcination, produces high-porosity CaO is important for achieving rapid and complete reaction. The addition of magnesium to the sorbent appears to improve the multicycle durability at a cost of reduced CO2 capacity per unit mass of sorbent. Reaction conditions, principally calcination and carbonation temperatures, are important factors in multicycle durability. Reaction pressure and CO2 concentration are important in so far as the initial rapid reaction rate is concerned, but are relatively unimportant in terms of sorbent capacity and durability. Indirect evidence for the simultaneous occurrence of the shift reaction and CO2-removal reaction creates the possibility of a direct one-step process for the production of hydrogen from coal-derived gas.

Download or read book Clean Energy Systems and Experiences written by Kei Eguchi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2010-10-05 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reports the latest developments and trends in "clean energy systems and experiences". The contributors to each chapter are energy scientists and engineers with strong expertise in their respective fields. This book offers a forum for exchanging state of the art scientific information and knowledge. As a whole, the studies presented here reveal important new directions toward the realization of a sustainable society.

Download or read book Fluidized Bed Technologies for Near Zero Emission Combustion and Gasification written by Fabrizio Scala and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-30 with total page 1091 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluidized bed (FB) combustion and gasification are advanced techniques for fuel flexible, high efficiency and low emission conversion. Fuels are combusted or gasified as a fluidized bed suspended by jets with sorbents that remove harmful emissions such as SOx. CO2 capture can also be incorporated. Fluidized bed technologies for near-zero emission combustion and gasification provides an overview of established FB technologies while also detailing recent developments in the field. Part one, an introductory section, reviews fluidization science and FB technologies and includes chapters on particle characterization and behaviour, properties of stationary and circulating fluidized beds, heat and mass transfer and attrition in FB combustion and gasification systems. Part two expands on this introduction to explore the fundamentals of FB combustion and gasification including the conversion of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels, pollutant emission and reactor design and scale up. Part three highlights recent advances in a variety of FB combustion and gasification technologies before part four moves on to focus on emerging CO2 capture technologies. Finally, part five explores other applications of FB technology including (FB) petroleum refining and chemical production. Fluidized bed technologies for near-zero emission combustion and gasification is a technical resource for power plant operators, industrial engineers working with fluidized bed combustion and gasification systems and researchers, scientists and academics in the field. Examines the fundamentals of fluidized bed (FB) technologies, including the conversion of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels Explores recent advances in a variety of technologies such as pressurized FB combustion, and the measurement, monitoring and control of FB combustion and gasification Discusses emerging technologies and examines applications of FB in other processes