Download or read book Novel Regulators of Prostate Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Aggressiveness written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stem Cells and Prostate Cancer written by Scott D. Cramer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-12 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent evidence demonstrates that normal prostate tissue contains stem cells. There is also accumulating evidence that prostate cancer contains a population of cells with stem cell-like characteristics referred to as cancer stem cells, or tumor initiating cells. Both the normal prostate stem cell and cancer stem cell populations have important implications for the generation, therapeutic targeting, and prevention of prostate cancer. The purpose of this book is to explore the role of stem cells in prostate cancer, which is becoming an increasingly hot trend in cancer research.
Download or read book Cancer Stem Cells New Horizons in Cancer Therapies written by Surajit Pathak and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-17 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the recent developments in the therapeutic implications of cancer stem cells for the effective diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer. It summarizes the various stem cells of common cancers including colon, pancreas, lungs, prostate, melanoma, and glioblastoma, and reviews the potential role of cancer stem cells in tissue aggressiveness, examining the functional contribution of cancer stem cells in the establishment and recurrence of cancerous tumors. Further, it explores the potential of cancer stem cells as novel therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of tumor progression. The book also discusses the various approaches for detecting, isolating, and characterizing different cancer stem cells and signaling pathways that control their replication, survival, and differentiation. Lastly, it explores the key features and mechanisms of drug resistance, chemo-resistance, and radio-resistance in cancer stem cells to improve therapeutic rationale.
Download or read book Regulatory Pathways in Prostate Cancer written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prostate carcinoma (CaP) is the most diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in American males. Radiation therapy is one of the few treatments for localized CaP. Although it is initially effective, tumor recurrences are common. Therefore, the curative potential of radiation therapy has yet to be improved. My work presented in the chapter II demonstrates that modulation of p53-dependent DNA repair gene p53R2 by RNA interference sensitize a subset of prostate cancer cells to ionizing radiation. The underline mechanisms include the impairment of DNA repair, retardation of cell cycle arrest and activation of p53-dependent apoptosis pathways. For advanced CaP, androgen ablation therapy is effective initially, but eventually, hormone-refractory tumors emerge. Hence, a better understanding of the mechanisms leading to androgen independence and how it is sustained is important in managing the disease. Our lab has previously reported a novel mechanism of androgen independence: calpain 2 cleaves the androgen receptor (AR) into an androgen-independent low molecular weight (LMW) isoform. In the Chapter III presented in the dissertation, we demonstrate that activated MAPK kinase signaling pathway coupled with increased calpain 2/calpastatin rations promotes the expression of the LMW-AR in prostate cancer cells and tumor tissues. Furthermore, the study presented in the Chapter IV characterizes the transcriptional regulation and chromosomal binding features of the full-length (FL) and LWM-AR in two related androgen independent prostate cancer cell lines. Novel AR direct target genes are also reported. These studies provide the insight into the action of FL- and LMW-AR in conferring androgen-independent growth of CaP. Prostate tumor cells employ multiple pathways to proliferate and thrive in castrate levels of androgen. Deregulation of E2F/Rb pathway has been shown to contribute to prostate tumorigenesis and androgen independent growth. Our preliminary study presented in the Chapter V shows that E2F3 is over-expressed in transformed prostate cancer cells and modulation of E2F3 by RNA interference affects their proliferation and apoptotic responses. Several novel E2F3 regulated genes have been identified that play roles in the progression of CaP. The results warrant further investigation of the role of E2F3 in prostate tumorigenesis and androgen independent growth.
Download or read book Characterization of FGFR Signaling in Prostate Cancer Stem Cells and Inhibition Via TKI Treatment written by Juyeon Ko and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer stem cells have been extensively studied in numerous cancers, however, there is no clear identification of this rare subpopulation and a means for an effective therapy targeting these cells although they are implicated in tumor initiation, drug resistance, reoccurrence and metastasis. The review article in Chapter 1 emphasizes how the cancer stem cells exploit a ubiquitination modification in human cancers and metastasis. Ubiquitination is a type of post-translational modification that extends the function of proteins such as stabilizing oncogenic signals and recruiting signaling proteins that favors the cancer progression beyond our current discoveries and knowledge. The studies of cancer stem cells may help us better understand the heterogeneous disease collectively termed cancer. One type of cancer in which the cancer stem cell theory may lead to alternative therapeutic options is prostate cancer. Chapter 2 presents research hypothesizing that prostate cancer stem cells (CSCs) take advantage of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) signaling for survival and proliferation among the bulk tumor and possess the ability to survive the current therapy of androgen deprivation but can be targeted by FGFR inhibitors. As tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have shown great effectiveness for some cancers, they have shown only modest outcome in prostate cancer treatment. The research presented here focuses on studying the FGFR signaling in the rare subpopulation shown as 3-dimensional spheroids compared to a bulk tumor represented as monolayer cells. This study reveals that FGFR signaling in the prostate CSCs promote their stemness characteristics and these CSCs may possess increased metastatic potential shown by changes in their gene expression. This study provides a novel in vitro model to study FGFR signaling in prostate cancer cell lines and utilizes a novel induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cell line to improve our understanding of prostate CSCs at a cellular and molecular level. The findings from this research may assist in screening for patient subgroups who would benefit from the TKI treatment targeting FGFR as an alternative treatment option.
Download or read book Prostate Cancer written by Leland W. K. Chung and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-10 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prostate Cancer: Biology, Genetics, and the New Therapeutics, Second Edition, reviews new, valuable approaches to the treatment of prostate cancer in men. The latest edition contains new material on molecular imaging, new treatments for prostate cancer, molecular targets, cell signaling pathways, bioinformatics, and pathogenomics. The book details the latest innovations and advances in prostate cancer and may be used as a rapid reference text for readers. The volume profiles the latest advances in cancer research and treatment and includes profound studies in prostate stem cells, cancer-host interactions, hedgehog signaling in development and cancer, cholesterol and cell signaling, gene therapy for advanced prostate cancer, and noninvasive strategies such as molecular imaging to visualize gene expression. This new edition also investigates expression profiling and somatic alterations in prostate cancer progression and linkage studies of prostate cancer families to identify susceptibility genes. The issues of racial differences in prostate cancer mortality, radiotherapy for the treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer, recombinant antibody candidates for treatment, taxane-based chemotherapy, lethal phenotypes, and novel and efficient translation clinical trials are also presented in great depth. Prostate Cancer: Biology, Genetics, and the New Therapeutics, Second Edition, provides readers with a general reference for prostate cancer from prevention to therapy and will be of value to clinicians, scientists, and administrators who strive to solve the cancer problem.
Download or read book Control of Gene Expression in Prostate Epithelial Cell Differentiation Hierarchy written by Jayant Rane and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of present investigation is to elucidate the complex stem cell (SC) dynamics within prostate cancer, which can be exploited to design novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the management of prostate cancer. In order to determine the precise transcriptional and microRNA regulatory mechanisms modulating SC self-renewal and differentiation, unique cellular assays have been developed in our lab. These assays utilise homogeneous cell sub-populations enriched from patient-derived prostate cultures. Occasionally, cell line models and patient-derived mouse prostate cancer xenografts were also employed. Using a prospective bioinformatic analysis of gene expression data from Birnie et. al., 2008, we have identified LCN2, CEACAM6, and S100p as candidate genes for regulation of prostate SC differentiation. These genes are over-expressed in differentiated cells, compared to SC, and have a more similar expression pattern with each other than with any other gene. Since their promoters have binding sites for 32 common transcription factors, the genes may therefore form a co-regulated network and/or have similar functions. Retinoic acid treatment can also induce the expression of all these genes, suggesting that LCN2, CEACAM6, and S100p may play an important role in retinoic acid-mediated prostate epithelial SC differentiation. The genes could also be so-regulated by miR-128, miR-188, and miR-548c, based on an analysis of the miRNA expression by microarray generated in this work. Patient-derived prostate epithelial sub-populations enriched from PrEC, BPH, PCa, and CRPC were profiled for the expression of 766 miRNAs. This analysis identified a very specific prostate cancer SC miRNA signature, and showed that miRNA expression can distinguish between PCa and CRPC. The integration of this miRNA microarray data with gene expression microarray data showed that pathways regulating both the cell cycle (SC quiescence) and cell-cell interaction (SC-stromal niche interaction) could be significantly influenced by miRNAs during differentiation. A lack of telomerase expression/activity in prostate cancer SCs, in contrast to their differentiated progeny also points towards the quiescent nature of these cells. The telomerase studies further revealed that BPH is a disease sustained by progenitor proliferation and that inhibition of telomerase in BPH derived SCs can suppress their self-renewal; while cancer SC self-renewal is not affected by telomerase inhibition. We anticipate that these results, with further functional studies, will comprehensively establish a detailed knowledge base for regulatory mechanisms active in prostate SC and prostate cancer SC differentiation. This data will be invaluable in formulating efficient management strategies for prostate cancer.
Download or read book Heat Shock Proteins in Cancer written by Stuart K. Calderwood and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-09 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heat shock proteins are emerging as important molecules in the development of cancer and as key targets in cancer therapy. These proteins enhance the growth of cancer cells and protect tumors from treatments such as drugs or surgery. However, new drugs have recently been developed particularly those targeting heat shock protein 90. As heat shock protein 90 functions to stabilize many of the oncogenes and growth promoting proteins in cancer cells, such drugs have broad specificity in many types of cancer cell and offer the possibility of evading the development of resistance through point mutation or use of compensatory pathways. Heat shock proteins have a further property that makes them tempting targets in cancer immunotherapy. These proteins have the ability to induce an inflammatory response when released in tumors and to carry tumor antigens to antigen presenting cells. They have thus become important components of anticancer vaccines. Overall, heat shock proteins are important new targets in molecular cancer therapy and can be approached in a number of contrasting approaches to therapy.
Download or read book Holland Frei Cancer Medicine written by Robert C. Bast, Jr. and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-10 with total page 2004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine, Ninth Edition, offers a balanced view of the most current knowledge of cancer science and clinical oncology practice. This all-new edition is the consummate reference source for medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, internists, surgical oncologists, and others who treat cancer patients. A translational perspective throughout, integrating cancer biology with cancer management providing an in depth understanding of the disease An emphasis on multidisciplinary, research-driven patient care to improve outcomes and optimal use of all appropriate therapies Cutting-edge coverage of personalized cancer care, including molecular diagnostics and therapeutics Concise, readable, clinically relevant text with algorithms, guidelines and insight into the use of both conventional and novel drugs Includes free access to the Wiley Digital Edition providing search across the book, the full reference list with web links, illustrations and photographs, and post-publication updates
Download or read book Metastatic Cancer Clinical and Biological Perspectives written by Rahul Jandial and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-08-08 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most cancer deaths are a result of metastasis. The spread of a primary tumor to colonize neighboring and distant organs is the relentless endgame that defines the neoplastic process. Patients who have been diagnosed with cancer are treated to prevent both the recurrence of the tumor at the site of origin and metastasis that would re-stage them as advanced stage IV cancer. Historically and still with some types of cancer, stage IV is perceived by patients as “terminal.” Fortunately, recent molecular therapies have extended the lives of patients with advanced cancer and reassuringly people living with metastatic disease increasingly visit our clinics. What is the path forward? Given that the consilience of science and medicine is a dynamic art from which therapies arise, it would be misguided to consider any single work adequate at capturing the horizon for research. So with humility we constructed this text as primer for scientists. It begins with a broad introduction to the clinical management of common cancers. This is intended to serve as a foundation for investigators to consider when developing basic science hypotheses. Unquestionably, medical and surgical care of cancer patients reveals biology and dictates how novel therapeutics will ultimately be evaluated in clinical trials. The second section of this text offers provocative and evolving insights that underscore the breadth of science involved in the elucidation of cancer metastasis biology. The text concludes with information that integrates scientific and clinical foundations to highlight translational research. This book serves as a framework for scientists to conceptualize clinical and translational knowledge on the complexity of disease that is metastatic cancer.
Download or read book Bone Metastases from Prostate Cancer written by Francesco Bertoldo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-07 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents up-to-date information on one of the hottest topics in prostate cancer, namely bone metastases. The most recent developments with respect to biology, pathology, diagnosis, and treatment are described, providing readers with an excellent understanding of the mechanisms of metastasis formation, the characteristics of metastases, their aggressiveness, and prognostic factors for treatment response. The coverage includes discussion of all of the best available options (laboratory, radiology, and nuclear medicine) for achieving early diagnosis and both established and novel therapeutic approaches. Detailed information is provided on hormonal manipulations, bone-targeted agents, vaccines, taxanes, and other treatments that are enriching the therapeutic armamentarium. The editors can be considered leaders in the field, with great experience in diagnostic and clinical oncology and research, and the authors are experts in diverse specialties. This ensures a multidisciplinary approach, mirroring the current situation in which treatment in patients with bone metastases is undertaken by a team of specialists and health professionals in a variety of fields.
Download or read book Physics of Cancer written by Claudia Mierke and published by Iph001. This book was released on 2018-10-24 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revised second edition is improved linguistically with multiple increases of the number of figures and the inclusion of several novel chapters such as actin filaments during matrix invasion, microtubuli during migration and matrix invasion, nuclear deformability during migration and matrix invasion, and the active role of the tumor stroma in regulating cell invasion.
Download or read book Reducing Environmental Cancer Risk written by Suzanne H. Reuben and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though overall cancer incidence and mortality have continued to decline in recent years, cancer continues to devastate the lives of far too many Americans. In 2009 alone, 1.5 million American men, women, and children were diagnosed with cancer, and 562,000 died from the disease. There is a growing body of evidence linking environmental exposures to cancer. The Pres. Cancer Panel dedicated its 2008¿2009 activities to examining the impact of environmental factors on cancer risk. The Panel considered industrial, occupational, and agricultural exposures as well as exposures related to medical practice, military activities, modern lifestyles, and natural sources. This report presents the Panel¿s recommend. to mitigate or eliminate these barriers. Illus.
Download or read book Autophagy and Cancer written by Hong-Gang Wang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-30 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the explosion of information on autophagy in cancer, this is an opportune time to speed the efforts to translate our current knowledge about autophagy regulation into better understanding of its role in cancer. This book will cover the latest advances in this area from the basics, such as the molecular machinery for autophagy induction and regulation, up to the current areas of interest such as modulation of autophagy and drug discovery for cancer prevention and treatment. The text will include an explanation on how autophagy can function in both oncogenesis and tumor suppression and a description of its function in tumor development and tumor suppression through its roles in cell survival, cell death, cell growth as well as its influences on inflammation, immunity, DNA damage, oxidative stress, tumor microenvironment, etc. The remaining chapters will cover topics on autophagy and cancer therapy. These pages will serve as a description on how the pro-survival function of autophagy may help cancer cells resist chemotherapy and radiation treatment as well as how the pro-death functions of autophagy may enhance cell death in response to cancer therapy, and how to target autophagy for cancer prevention and therapy − what to target and how to target it.
Download or read book Telomeres and Telomerase in Cancer written by Keiko Hiyama and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-03-18 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Telomerase, an enzyme that maintains telomeres and endows eukaryotic cells with immortality, was first discovered in tetrahymena in 1985. In 1990s, it was proven that this enzyme also plays a key role in the infinite proliferation of human cancer cells. Now telomere and telomerase are widely accepted as important factors involved in cancer biology, and as promising diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets. Recently, role of telomerase in “cancer stem cells” has become another attractive story. Until now, there are several good books on telomere and telomerase focusing on biology in ciliates, yeasts, and mouse or basic sciences in human, providing basic scientists or students with updated knowledge.
Download or read book Campbell Walsh Wein Urology E Book written by Alan W. Partin and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2020-01-21 with total page 4096 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the basic science underpinnings to the most recent developments in medical and surgical care, Campbell-Walsh-Wein Urology offers a depth and breadth of coverage you won’t find in any other urology reference. Now in three manageable volumes, the revised 12th Edition is a must-have text for students, residents, and seasoned practitioners, with authoritative, up-to-date content in an intuitively organized, easy-to-read format featuring key points, quick-reference tables, and handy algorithms throughout. Features shorter, more practical chapters that help you find key information quickly. Includes new chapters on Urinary Tract Imaging: Basic Principles of Nuclear Medicine · Ethics and Informed Consent · Incisions and Access · Complications of Urologic Surgery · Urologic Considerations in Pregnancy · Intraoperative Consultation · Special Urologic Considerations in Transgender Individuals · and more. Covers hot topics such as minimally invasive and robotic surgery; advancements in urologic oncology, including innovative therapeutics for personalized medicine; new approaches to male infertility; technological advances for the treatment of stones; and advances in imaging modalities. Incorporates current AUA/EAU guidelines in each chapter as appropriate Updates all chapters with new content, new advances, and current references and best practices. Extensively updated chapters include Urological Immunotherapy, Minimally Invasive Urinary Diversion, and Updated Focal Therapy for Prostate Cancer. Features more than 175 video clips, including all-new videos on perineal ultrasound, abdominoplasty in prune belly syndrome, partial penectomy, low dose rate brachytherapy, and many more. Written and edited by key opinion leaders, reflecting essential changes and controversies in the field.
Download or read book Campbell Walsh Urology E Book written by Alan J. Wein and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2015-10-23 with total page 5294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internationally lauded as the preeminent text in the field, Campbell-Walsh Urology continues to offer the most comprehensive coverage of every aspect of urology. Perfect for urologists, residents, and practicing physicians alike, this updated text highlights all of the essential concepts necessary for every stage of your career, from anatomy and physiology through the latest diagnostic approaches and medical and surgical treatments. The predominant reference used by The American Board of Urology for its examination questions. Algorithms, photographs, radiographs, and line drawings illustrate essential concepts, nuances of clinical presentations and techniques, and decision making. Key Points boxes and algorithms further expedite review. Features hundreds of well-respected global contributors at the top of their respective fields. A total of 22 new chapters, including Evaluation and Management of Men with Urinary Incontinence; Minimally-Invasive Urinary Diversion; Complications Related to the Use of Mesh and Their Repair; Focal Therapy for Prostate Cancer; Adolescent and Transitional Urology; Principles of Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery in Children; Pediatric Urogenital Imaging; and Functional Disorders of the Lower Urinary Tract in Children. Previous edition chapters have been substantially revised and feature such highlights as new information on prostate cancer screening, management of non–muscle invasive bladder cancer, and urinary tract infections in children. Includes new guidelines on interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome, uro-trauma, and medical management of kidney stone disease. Anatomy chapters have been expanded and reorganized for ease of access. Boasts an increased focus on robotic surgery, image-guided diagnostics and treatment, and guidelines-based medicine. Features 130 video clips that are easily accessible via Expert Consult. Periodic updates to the eBook version by key opinion leaders will reflect essential changes and controversies in the field. Expert Consult eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience offers access to all of the text, figures, tables, diagrams, videos, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
