Download or read book Novel Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Nickel zinc Battery written by Cheng Qu (Polymer engineer) and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ni-Zn rechargeable battery has attracted increasing interest due to its high energy density, low cost and safety. However, the short battery life due to battery short-circuit which results from Zn dendrite growth highly limits its utility. In this dissertation, fiber reinforced polymer electrolyte membranes with dendrite inhibiting fillers are produced by embedding nanofibers into polyacrylic acid (PAA)/clay membranes, and the membranes are used in Ni-Zn battery to solve the Zn dendrite growth problem.The nanofibers are produced by electrospinning. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and nylon MXD6 electrospun fiber mats with different morphologies (fused, bonded and separated) are obtained by adjusting electrospinning conditions (target distance, applied voltage, nozzle pressure, solution concentration, etc.). Morphology observation of the electrospun fiber mat during uniaxial stretching reveals that interfiber bonds transfer tensile loads and induce deformation resulting in higher mechanical properties.The fiber content and mechanical properties of the fiber reinforced electrolyte membrane depend on interfiber bonding. In the membrane, interfiber bonds hold fibers together against gel swelling, leading to the formation of inter-bonded fiber network and high fiber content enhancing overall mechanical properties of the membrane. Though, with the inter-bonded fiber network in the membrane, high tensile strength and high strain at break are achieved, the ionic conductivity is found to decrease due to the increased membrane tortuosity.By incorporating the electrospun fiber mat with optimum structure for balanced mechanical strength and ionic conductivity, novel polymer electrolyte membranes, including PVDF and MXD6 nanofiber reinforced PAA membranes, PAA/nanofiber/clay hybrid membrane and multilayer membrane are prepared, and battery testing is conducted. The results show that the electrospun fiber mat in the membrane effectively suppresses Zn dendrite growth, and thinner fibers have better dendrite inhibition capability. Exfoliated clay platelets in the nanofiber reinforced membranes could further block the growth of nano-sized Zn dendrites and significantly extend the battery life as they act as "shields" normal to the direction of Zn dendrite growths. The PAA/9vol% MXD6-fiber/3.8vol% clay hybrid membrane with the thickness of 200[micron]m is proved to be the best polymer electrolyte membrane for Ni-Zn battery in this dissertation exceeding the 450 charge/discharge cycle requirements of a typical commercial battery application.

Download or read book Material Design and Engineering for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Zinc air Batteries written by Jing Fu and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zinc-air batteries, whose advantages include relatively high energy density (1218 Wh kg-1), abundance of zinc in earth's crust, and very safe operational characteristics, are promising for applications in consumer electronics, electrified transportation, grid storage, and other fields. At the moment, primary zinc-air batteries are produced for low-drain electronic gadgets such as hearing aids. However, secondary (i.e., electrically rechargeable) zinc-air batteries have eluded widespread adoption due mainly to the slow reaction kinetics of oxygen evolution at the air electrode during recharge. A bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst that can recharge the batteries more efficiently is required. Moreover, in the presence of aqueous alkaline electrolytes, zinc-air batteries suffer from low durability and performance loss due mainly to the formation of zinc dendrites during charging, the loss of aqueous electrolytes, the detachment of the catalyst layer and the precipitation of carbonates at the air electrode. These persistent issues have motivated a shift in electrolyte design towards efficient hydroxide ion-conductive polymeric electrolytes. A combination of efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts and polymeric electrolyte improvements may enable zinc-air batteries to be implemented in widespread applications in flexible/lightweight electronic devices and electric vehicles. In this work, I present a feasible strategy combining material innovations with engineering methods to develop a new type of zinc-air battery, i.e., a flexible, rechargeable polymer electrolyte membrane zinc-air battery (PEMZAB). In the first study, a proof of concept of a film-shaped, rechargeable PEMZAB was conducted by using a KOH-doped poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) gel electrolyte, porous zinc electrode and bifunctional air electrode comprising a commercial Co3O4 nanoparticles-loaded carbon cloth. Then, a novel hydroxide ion-conductive polymeric electrolyte membrane and an efficient bifunctional oxygen zinc-air battery performance. Specifically, highly quaternaized cellulose nanofibers were synthesized to produce a hydroxide ion-conductive electrolyte membrane (referred to as QAFC). The QAFC membrane shows advantages of a high ionic conductivity of 21.2 mS cm-1, good chemical stability, mechanical robustness and flexibility, and inhibition of zinc dendrites and carbonations. In addition to the QAFC electrolyte membrane development, a hybrid bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst, consisting of cobalt oxysulfide nanoparticles and nitrogen-doped graphene nanomeshes (CoO0.87S0.13/GN), was prepared. The defect chemistries of both oxygen-vacancy-rich cobalt oxysulfides and edge-nitrogen-rich graphene nanomeshes lead to a remarkable improvement in electrocatalytic performance, where CoO0.87S0.13/GN exhibits strongly comparable catalytic activity and much better stability than the best-known benchmark noble metal catalysts. A simple, water-based filtration method for a direct assembly of the QAFC membrane and the CoO0.87S0.13/GN catalyst film was demonstrated with the PEMZAB. Such a fabrication approach enables intimate contact between the solid-solid catalyst-electrolyte interfaces for facile charge transfer. Moreover, benefiting from the performance improvement of the QAFC electrolyte membrane and the CoO0.87S0.13/GN bifunctional catalyst, the resulting battery possesses a higher energy density of 857.9 Wh kg-1 and a more stable cycling performance, over 300 hours of operation at 20 mA cm-2 under ambient conditions, than those of a battery using PVA-KOH gel electrolyte and commercial Co3O4 bifunctional catalysts. In the last study, the knowledge gained from the hybrid CoO0.87S0.13/GN bifunctional catalyst is transferred to the fabrication of a hybrid catalyst/current collector assembly for the bifunctional air electrode. In this assembly, a hair-like array of mesoporous cobalt oxide nanopetals in nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes is grown directly on a stainless-steel mesh through chemical vapor deposition and electrodeposition methods. Such integrative design not only ensures a large number of catalytically active sites in a given electrode surface, but also increases the electron transfer between each individual catalyst and the conductive substrate. This advanced air electrode assembly further boosts the PEMZAB performance, with a high peak power density of 160.7 mW cm-2 at 250 mA cm-2 and a remarkable cycling durability: lasting over 600 hours of operation at 25 mA cm-2 under ambient conditions.

Download or read book Electrochemical Polymer Electrolyte Membranes written by Jianhua Fang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-04-17 with total page 639 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrochemical Polymer Electrolyte Membranes covers PEMs from fundamentals to applications, describing their structure, properties, characterization, synthesis, and use in electrochemical energy storage and solar energy conversion technologies. Featuring chapters authored by leading experts from academia and industry, this authoritative text: Disc

Download or read book Novel Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Compositions for Electrolysis and Fuel Cell Systems written by Carolin Klose and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Novel Polymer Electrolyte Nano Composite Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications written by Hadis Zarrin and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fuel cells are electrochemical devices which have been established to lead in the transition to clean energy technology and will become the energy efficient power source of the future. Among all the fuel cell systems, anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) and solid polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are qualified of achieving high power densities (>l W cm-2) that is required for many applications. Mainly, operation of AEMFCs and PEMFCs at higher temperatures (100-130 °C) would considerably enhance their kinetic performance over the current lower temperature operation technologies. However, due to the type of materials used in each fuel cell there is an associated set of challenges including cost and lifetime which require innovative engineering solutions. One of the important challenges is the fabrication of a cost effective solid electrolyte with high efficiency and durability for both PEMFCs and AEMFCs. Concerning PEMFCs, the state of the art perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membrane (Dupont Nafion®) has high ionic conductivity and good mechanical and chemical stability. However, its high performance and durability is limited to the operational conditions (e.g., temperature, humidity, and pH). In the case of AEMFCs, the dilemma between high ionic conductivity and physicochemical stability for membranes is an important issue, i.e., maximizing one will minimize the other. Thus, for both PEMFCs and AEMFCs, there is a desire to develop a solid electrolyte material capable of maintaining both ion-conductivity and durability at the same time for various operational conditions, especially elevated temperature conditions. The main goal of this research project has been the design and fabrication of novel nano-composite electrolyte membranes that fulfills all the aforementioned requirements for a cost effective solid electrolyte membrane in both PEMFCs and AEMFCs. To accomplish this, different approaches have been effectively integrated and improved by understanding and combination of organic chemistry, electrochemistry, chemical engineering and nano-materials science. Hygroscopic nano-fillers made of titanium oxide nanotubes (TiO2-NT) or graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were first functionalized with highly ion-conductive groups, and then composed with the commercial membrane or another type of polymeric backbone. The latter was morphologically modified to favor higher electrolyte and water absorption capacity. Combining the benefits of a nano-filler with a morphologically modified polymer electrolyte effectively led to the development of a highly ion-conductive, water-retentive, and durable electrolyte membrane. Electrochemical, thermal, physical and chemical properties of proposed membranes were tested, analyzed and reported by various characterization methods. For PEMFC applications, the developed nano-composite PFSA membranes demonstrated significant ion conductivity and single fuel cell performance improvement (~4 times) over commercial PEM at the humidity of 30 % and temperature of 120 °C. For AEMFCs, the selected nano-filler (e.g., GO) composed with morphologically modified polymer (e.g., porous polybenzimidazole) notably increased both performance and durability of AEMs in harsh alkaline conditions. This work offered promising solid electrolyte replacements synthesized by simple and cost effective techniques, able to meet the fuel cell market demands.

Download or read book Polymers for PEM Fuel Cells written by Hongting Pu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-10-01 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Including chemical, synthetic, and cross-disciplinary approaches; this book includes the necessary techniques and technologies to help readers better understand polymers for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The methods in the book are essential to researchers and scientists in the field and will lead to further development in polymer and fuel cell technologies. • Provides complete, essential, and comprehensive overview of polymer applications for PEM fuel cells • Emphasizes state-of-the-art developments and methods, like PEMs for novel fuel cells and polymers for fuel cell catalysts • Includes detailed chapters on major topics, like PEM for direct liquid fuel cells and fluoropolymers and non-fluorinated polymers for PEM • Has relevance to a range of industries – like polymer engineering, materials, and green technology – involved with fuel cell technologies and R&D

Download or read book Advanced Materials for Battery Separators written by Sabu Thomas and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-07-01 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Materials for Battery Separators focuses solely on battery separators and their significance, providing the reader with a detailed description of their use in both aqueous and non-aqueous batteries. Topics include separator requirements and classifications, as well as discussions of the different methods for the fabrication of separators, experimental techniques used for the characterization of separators, and their physical and chemical properties. It concludes with a look at the challenges and new technologies developed to improve the performance of separators. This book is a valuable reference for engineers, research scholars, and for graduates and post graduates primarily in the field of material science, electrochemistry, and polymer chemistry. It can also be useful for engineers and technologists working in both industry and the energy field. Provides a detailed discussion of separators used in battery applications Discusses the influence of nanofillers on separator performance and the analytical techniques used for the characterization of separators Explores the challenges and new technologies to improve the performance of separators

Download or read book Development of Novel Polymer Electrolyte Membranes and Gas Flow Distributors for a Micro Fabricated Fuel Cell written by Kenneth F. Yee and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Novel Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Compositions for Electrolysis and Fuel Cell Systems nCarolin Klose written by Carolin Klose and published by . This book was released on 2020* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Study of Highly Conductive Flexible Polymer Electrolyte Membranes and Their Novel Flexoelectric Effect written by Camilo Rendon Piedrahita and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Present dissertation outlines a study of the basic important physicochemical properties of photo-cured polymer electrolyte membranes (PEM) that can be enhanced and optimized in order to be implemented as electrolyte in solid-state Li-ion batteries. The studied properties include mechanical integrity, ionic conductivity, thermal and electrochemical stability, etc. This dissertation also introduces and characterizes a novel application of PEMs as energy harvesting materials, due to their capability to transform mechanical stimuli into an electrical signal and vice versa. Chapter I provides a brief overview of the general content of the dissertation. Chapter II presents the material that was taken as the basis for the study. It contains essential information related to the battery principles, operation, development and applications. In addition, it encompasses the description of electroactive polymers, which are in principle, equivalent to the discovered flexoelectric PEMs that are as well introduced in this work. Chapter III illustrates the materials, methods and calculations utilized to perform and analyze the data collected for the purpose of the study. Chapter IV describes an incorporation of mercaptopropyl methyl siloxane homopolymer (thiosiloxane) as a co-component to the matrix of the PEM, which in result enables enhancement of the polymer segmental motion and hence, the ionic conductivity. UV irradiation was applied to various thiosiloxane and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) mixtures to get the `thio-ene' reaction between the thiol functionality and the double bonds of the PEGDA precursor, which formed a complete amorphous self-standing PEM. The thiosiloxane modified PEM film exhibits higher extension-at-break in comparison to the PEM containing only PEGDA such as PEGDA700/SCN/LiTFSI 20/40/40, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy techniques were employed to detect the thiol (SH) groups consumed after performing the so-called thiol-ene reaction. It was found that there is a direct relationship between the level of the thiosiloxane content and the resulting ionic conductivity of the PEM. Discovered PEMs were also analyzed via thermal and electrochemical techniques in order to determine their implementation as electrolyte in solid-state Li-ion batteries. Chapter V presents the implementation of different PEG-based macromolecules with different chemical architectures. Different chemical architectures increase the mechanical strength of the PEMs without affecting drastically the ionic conductivity. PEMs are fabricated by exposing the mixtures of PEGnA/SCN/LiTFSI 20/40/40 to UV irradiation. Following the photo-curing process, FITR spectroscopy was utilized to detect the consumption of acrylate groups. It is believed that succinonitrile (SCN) increases the diffusion of the solutions and therefore improves the probability of acrylate groups to react. PEG4A, PEG3A and PEG2A PEMs were analyzed with the stress-strain curve test in order to determine the influence of different architectures on the mechanical properties and their relationship with the glass transition temperature (Tg) Other important properties, such as thermal stability and optimal electrochemical window were also studied. Chapter VI introduces an innovative way to create electrical potential as a consequence of ionic polarization. Generated electrical potential can be used to design sensors and energy harvesting devices. This section presents the application of passive and active ion transports found in neuron cells to the solid-state PEM (PEGnA/SC/LiTFSI 20/40/40) system. The application of passive ion transport was studied by fabricating a bilayer PEM system where ion diffusion was induced along the concentration gradient. The study didn't provide proper results for further investigation. For the application of active ion transport, an external stimulus was utilized, such as pressure and temperature gradient, to a single layer PEM system. This application revealed mechanoelectric and pyroelectric properties in PEM. In other words, when pressure gradient (bending deformation) is applied to a PEM, ionic polarization takes place within the PEM, resulting in an electrical output in a form of voltage or current. These properties indicate that PEMs are "smart" materials that can sense and harvest energy via mechano and pyroelectricity. Chapter VII presents the flexoelectric effect on ion conductive PEMs composed of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) - thiosiloxane (TS) copolymer and Ionic liquid (IL). These flexoelectric PEMs operate based on the principle of ion polarization of dissociated ions to transform input deformation into electrical output. Electrical outputs are collected by monitoring voltage (Voc) and current (Isc) signals while the sample is deformed (square wave mode) by utilizing a Solartron Galvanostat/Potentiostat. The voltage is directly related to the modulus of the PEM, whereas the current is directly correlated with the ionic conductivity of the PEM. Flexoelectric coefficients were calculated for all the composition in correlation to the above-mentioned properties. The magnitude of the calculated flexoelectric coefficients outperforms those reported in the literature for other materials such as some ceramics, PVDF and bent-core liquid crystals. Similarly, Chapter VIII complements the previous work of flexoelectric PEMs. In this case, the deformation of the sample was performed via sinusoidal wave at different amplitudes. The efficiency of the samples has been studied by calculating flexoelectric coefficients. These were found to be of much lower magnitude compared with those from square wave input. The reason lies in the lack of charge relaxation when the sample is being deformed. The effect of frequency on the amplitude of the current, voltage and magnitude of flexoelectric coefficients is also analyzed. Due to the rubber-like nature of these types of PEMs, they can be potentially applied in rubber based materials as sensors or energy harvesting devices from dynamic deformations.

Download or read book Electrochemical Energy written by Pei Kang Shen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrochemical Energy: Advanced Materials and Technologies covers the development of advanced materials and technologies for electrochemical energy conversion and storage. The book was created by participants of the International Conference on Electrochemical Materials and Technologies for Clean Sustainable Energy (ICES-2013) held in Guangzhou, China, and incorporates select papers presented at the conference. More than 300 attendees from across the globe participated in ICES-2013 and gave presentations in six major themes: Fuel cells and hydrogen energy Lithium batteries and advanced secondary batteries Green energy for a clean environment Photo-Electrocatalysis Supercapacitors Electrochemical clean energy applications and markets Comprised of eight sections, this book includes 25 chapters featuring highlights from the conference and covering every facet of synthesis, characterization, and performance evaluation of the advanced materials for electrochemical energy. It thoroughly describes electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies such as batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, hydrogen generation, and their associated materials. The book contains a number of topics that include electrochemical processes, materials, components, assembly and manufacturing, and degradation mechanisms. It also addresses challenges related to cost and performance, provides varying perspectives, and emphasizes existing and emerging solutions. The result of a conference encouraging enhanced research collaboration among members of the electrochemical energy community, Electrochemical Energy: Advanced Materials and Technologies is dedicated to the development of advanced materials and technologies for electrochemical energy conversion and storage and details the technologies, current achievements, and future directions in the field.

Download or read book Novel Polymer Electrolytes for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries written by Hong Hu and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Organic Inorganic Composite Polymer Electrolyte Membranes written by Dr Inamuddin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-28 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the latest developments in the area of polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) used for high-temperature fuel cells. Featuring contributions from an international array of researchers, it presents a unified viewpoint on the operating principles of fuel cells, various methodologies used for the fabrication of PEMs, and issues related to the chemical and mechanical stabilities of the membranes. Special attention is given to the fabrication of electrospun nanocomposite membranes. The editors have consciously placed an emphasis on developments in the area of fast-growing and promising PEM materials obtained via hygroscopic inorganic fillers, solid proton conductors, heterocyclic solvents, ionic liquids, anhydrous H3PO4 blends, and heteropolyacids. This book is intended for fuel cell researchers and students who are interested in a deeper understanding of the organic–inorganic membranes used in fuel cells, membrane fabrication methodologies, properties and clean energy applications.

Download or read book Zinc Batteries written by Rajender Boddula and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-05-05 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Battery technology is constantly changing, and the concepts and applications of these changes are rapidly becoming increasingly more important as more and more industries and individuals continue to make “greener” choices in their energy sources. As global dependence on fossil fuels slowly wanes, there is a heavier and heavier importance placed on cleaner power sources and methods for storing and transporting that power. Battery technology is a huge part of this global energy revolution. Zinc batteries are an advantageous choice over lithium-based batteries, which have dominated the market for years in multiple areas, most specifically in electric vehicles and other battery-powered devices. Zinc is the fourth most abundant metal in the world, which is influential in its lower cost, making it a very attractive material for use in batteries. Zinc-based batteries have been around since the 1930s, but only now are they taking center stage in the energy, automotive, and other industries. Zinc Batteries: Basics, Developments, and Applicationsis intended as a discussion of the different zinc batteries for energy storage applications. It also provides an in-depth description of various energy storage materials for Zinc (Zn) batteries. This book is an invaluable reference guide for electro­chemists, chemical engineers, students, faculty, and R&D professionals in energy storage science, material science, and renewable energy.

Download or read book Nano Enhanced and Nanostructured Polymer Based Membranes for Energy Applications written by Maria Giovanna Buonomenna and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2022-01-22 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a growing need for better membranes in several emerging application fields especially those related to energy conversion and storage as well as to water treatment and recycling. Processability, is an important functional property, often ignored, especially in the early discovery phase for new materials, but it should be one of the most important properties, that needs to be considered in the development of better membrane materials. Useful membrane materials have to be capable of being formed into thin membranes, in particular for membrane gas separation, water treatment and desalination, and then packaged, into large area membrane modules. All gas separation membranes that are in current commercial use are based on polymers, which are solution-processable. This book intends to deal with composite, in most cases hybrid polymer-based membranes for three separate application fields: energy conversion, energy storage and water treatment and recovery. Each chapter will explain clearly the various membrane processes then go on to discuss in detail the corresponding advanced membranes used. The logic that lies behind this is that you have to understand the process in order to develop new high-performance membranes. By taking this approach, the author aims to overcome the disconnection that currently exists between membrane materials scientists and industrial process engineers. Discusses interdisciplinary content by a single author, approaching synthesis and development of materials from the perspective of their processability Describes the novel aspects of membrane science that is related to energy storage, conversion and wastewater treatment Presents an emphasis on scientific results which have an impact on real applications in terms of renewable and clean energy challenges

Download or read book Development of Novel Non aqueous Thermally Stable Membranes for the Use in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell PEMFC written by Manita Jithunsa and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Meeting Abstracts written by Electrochemical Society. Meeting and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 1220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: