Download or read book Novel Methods for Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Retrieval from the JAXA GOSAT and NASA OCO 2 Satellites written by Peter Somkuti and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Retrieved from the Greenhouse Gases Observing SATellite written by Austin James Cogan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon dioxide is the largest anthropogenic contributor to global warming and atmospheric concentrations have rapidly increased since the start of the industrial revolution. Networks of surface in-situ carbon dioxide sensors provide precise and accurate measurements of the global carbon dioxide concentration, including large scale temporal, seasonal and latitudinal variations. However, these observations are too sparse to allow the establishment of sub-continental carbon budgets, limiting the accuracy of climate change projections and the ability to mitigate future levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Satellite observations can provide data with dense spatial and temporal coverage over regions poorly sampled by surface networks. Specifically, observations in the shortwave infrared region are well suited for constraining carbon fluxes as they can provide total column carbon dioxide with high sensitivity to the source and sink locations at the surface. The first dedicated greenhouse gases sensor, the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT), was launched in January 2009 by the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) and has successfully started to acquire global observations of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide. The University of Leicester Full Physics (UOL-FP) retrieval algorithm has been designed to estimate total column carbon dioxide from GOSAT shortwave infrared observations. The initial results were compared to coincident ground based measurements for a number of locations and compared on a global scale to a model. This showed an accuracy and precison that should provide improved surface flux estimates. Additionally, a bias correction scheme was developed that reduced observed geographical biases, allowing surface flux uncertainties to be potentially reduced further. To further develop the UOL-FP retrieval algorithm, a simulator capable of creating realistic GOSAT observations was built, allowing the investigation of different retrieval algorithm modifications, which may lead to reduced source and sink flux uncertainties and therefore aid future climate change forecasts.

Download or read book Historical Guide to NASA and the Space Program written by Ann Beardsley and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2016-09-09 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NASA—the National Aeronautics and Space Administration created in the wake of the Space Act—has and continues to accomplish those precepts every day. With many hundreds of satellites launched into space and close to 200 human spaceflights, NASA is a proven leader in space exploration. Most of the US space exploration efforts have been led by NASA, including the Apollo moon-landing missions, the Skylab space station, and later the Space Shuttle. Currently, NASA is supporting the International Space Station and is overseeing the development of the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle, the Space Launch System and Commercial Crew vehicles. NASA is also responsible for the Launch Services Program which provides oversight of launch operations and countdown management for unmanned NASA launches. The Historical Guide to NASA and the Space Program contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 500 cross-referenced entries on space missions, astronauts, technical terms, space shuttles, satellites and the international space station. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about NASA and space exploration.

Download or read book Advances in Carbon Management Technologies written by Subhas Sikdar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-03-19 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Carbon Management Technologies comprises 43 chapters contributed by experts from all over the world. Volume 1 of the book, containing 23 chapters, discusses the status of technologies capable of yielding substantial reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from major combustion sources. Such technologies include renewable energy sources that can replace fossil fuels and technologies to capture CO2 after fossil fuel combustion or directly from the atmosphere, with subsequent permanent long-term storage. The introductory chapter emphasizes the gravity of the issues related to greenhouse gas emissionglobal temperature correlation, the state of the art of key technologies and the necessary emission reductions needed to meet international warming targets. Section 1 deals with global challenges associated with key fossil fuel mitigation technologies, including removing CO2 from the atmosphere, and emission measurements. Section 2 presents technological choices for coal, petroleum, and natural gas for the purpose of reducing carbon footprints associated with the utilization of such fuels. Section 3 deals with promising contributions of alternatives to fossil fuels, such as hydropower, nuclear, solar photovoltaics, and wind. Chapter 19 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Download or read book I Retrieval of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide from High resolution Spectra II Interannual Variability of the Stratospheric Quasi biennual Oscillation written by Le Kuai and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is devoted to an understanding of climate changes in the troposphere and the stratosphere from different aspects. In the troposphere, projecting future climate depends on our understanding of the exchange of CO2 between the atmosphere, oceans, and terrestrial ecosystems. To understand the carbon cycle, it is important to estimate the sources and sinks of CO2. The so-called inverse approach has been widely used to retrieve the abundances of atmospheric species, such as CO2, from global surface networks and subsequently estimate their surface fluxes and variability. Understanding of the global distribution and temporal variability of atmospheric CO2 thus helps constrain the surface carbon sources and sinks. In the stratosphere, the equatorial quansi-biennual oscillation (QBO) affects the polar stratosphere during winter, with the easterly phase of the QBO creating the condition for a more perturbed and warmer polar vortex. Therefore, the variation of the QBO period has additional significance, especially with respect to the timing of its phase relative to the Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter. The study of the interannual variability of the QBO improves our understanding of the climate system. In this thesis, a retrieval algorithm is developed to estimate both CO2 column abundance and its profile using radiances in the near-infrared region. In addition, the interannual variability of QBO is explored by studying both observation data and the modeled results. The thesis includes two parts. Part I (chapters 1 and 2) is a summary of the work about the CO2 retrievals. Part II (chapters 3 and 4) is devoted to the stratospheric dynamics.

Download or read book Advances in Carbon Capture written by Mohammad Reza Rahimpour and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2020-08-04 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Carbon Capture reviews major implementations of CO2 capture, including absorption, adsorption, permeation and biological techniques. For each approach, key benefits and drawbacks of separation methods and technologies, perspectives on CO2 reuse and conversion, and pathways for future CO2 capture research are explored in depth. The work presents a comprehensive comparison of capture technologies. In addition, the alternatives for CO2 separation from various feeds are investigated based on process economics, flexibility, industrial aspects, purification level and environmental viewpoints. - Explores key CO2 separation and compare technologies in terms of provable advantages and limitations - Analyzes all critical CO2 capture methods in tandem with related technologies - Introduces a panorama of various applications of CO2 capture

Download or read book Verifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-07-28 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world's nations are moving toward agreements that will bind us together in an effort to limit future greenhouse gas emissions. With such agreements will come the need for all nations to make accurate estimates of greenhouse gas emissions and to monitor changes over time. In this context, the present book focuses on the greenhouse gases that result from human activities, have long lifetimes in the atmosphere and thus will change global climate for decades to millennia or more, and are currently included in international agreements. The book devotes considerably more space to CO2 than to the other gases because CO2 is the largest single contributor to global climate change and is thus the focus of many mitigation efforts. Only data in the public domain were considered because public access and transparency are necessary to build trust in a climate treaty. The book concludes that each country could estimate fossil-fuel CO2 emissions accurately enough to support monitoring of a climate treaty. However, current methods are not sufficiently accurate to check these self-reported estimates against independent data or to estimate other greenhouse gas emissions. Strategic investments would, within 5 years, improve reporting of emissions by countries and yield a useful capability for independent verification of greenhouse gas emissions reported by countries.

Download or read book Mathematical and Physical Fundamentals of Climate Change written by Zhihua Zhang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-12-06 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical and Physical Fundamentals of Climate Change is the first book to provide an overview of the math and physics necessary for scientists to understand and apply atmospheric and oceanic models to climate research. The book begins with basic mathematics then leads on to specific applications in atmospheric and ocean dynamics, such as fluid dynamics, atmospheric dynamics, oceanic dynamics, and glaciers and sea level rise. Mathematical and Physical Fundamentals of Climate Change provides a solid foundation in math and physics with which to understand global warming, natural climate variations, and climate models. This book informs the future users of climate models and the decision-makers of tomorrow by providing the depth they need. Developed from a course that the authors teach at Beijing Normal University, the material has been extensively class-tested and contains online resources, such as presentation files, lecture notes, solutions to problems and MATLab codes. - Includes MatLab and Fortran programs that allow readers to create their own models - Provides case studies to show how the math is applied to climate research - Online resources include presentation files, lecture notes, and solutions to problems in book for use in classroom or self-study

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Capture An Effective Way to Combat Global Warming written by Anne Elise Creamer and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This topical brief summarizes the various options available for carbon capture and presents the current strategies involved in CO2 reduction. The authors focus on current CO2 capture technologies that facilitate the reduction of greenhouse gas (CO2) emissions and reduce global warming. This short study will interest environmental researchers, teachers and students who have an interest in global warming.

Download or read book Lagrangian Modeling of the Atmosphere written by John Lin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-09 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 200. Trajectory-based (“Lagrangian”) atmospheric transport and dispersion modeling has gained in popularity and sophistication over the previous several decades. It is common practice now for researchers around the world to apply Lagrangian models to a wide spectrum of issues. Lagrangian Modeling of the Atmosphere is a comprehensive volume that includes sections on Lagrangian modeling theory, model applications, and tests against observations. Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series. Comprehensive coverage of trajectory-based atmospheric dispersion modeling Important overview of a widely used modeling tool Sections look at modeling theory, application of models, and tests against observations

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Adsorption on a 5a Zeolite Designed for Co2 Removal in Spacecraft Cabins written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-08-16 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon dioxide adsorption data were obtained for a 5A zeolite manufactured by AlliedSignal Inc. (Des Plaines, Illinois). The material is planned for use in the Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly (CDRA) for U.S. elements of the International Space Station. The family of adsorption isotherms covers a temperature range of O to 250 C, and a pressure range of 0.001 to 800 torr. Coefficients of the Toth equation are fit to the data. Isosteric heats of adsorption are derived from the equilibrium loading data. Mulloth, Lila M. and Finn, John E. Ames Research Center NASA/TM-1998-208752, Rept-A9800125, NAS 1.15:208752 ...

Download or read book Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide written by Ronald Macatangay and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advancing Airborne Remote Sensing of CO2 and CH4 Emissions from Point Sources written by Jakob Borchardt and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global mean surface temperature (GMST) on Earth in the period 2011 - 2020 has increased ∼ 1.1 °C above preindustrial temperatures. This temperature change results mainly from the increased radiative forcing due to increased levels of anthropogenic greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, especially CO2 and CH4. For an efficient reduction of CO2 and CH4 emissions, their locations and emission strengths have to be known. Additionally, emission reductions must be monitored, and new satellite sensors must be validated. Airborne remote sensing instruments allow observing dedicated regions for source detection, emission monitoring, and satellite validation. However, new instruments and methods to infer gas concentrations from the acquired data are needed to advance the airborne remote sensing of greenhouse gases. In this thesis, three research questions were studied: Is it possible to apply the weighting function modified differential optical absorption spectroscopy (WFM-DOAS) retrieval method to hyperspectral data to infer greenhouse gas emissions? Is the observation and quantification of emissions improved with a new imaging instrument specifically designed for that task? And can the retrieval of greenhouse gases from airborne remote sensing measurements be improved by taking scattering in the atmosphere into account? The first question was studied by applying the WFM-DOAS retrieval to AVIRIS-NG hyperspectral data (spectral resolution ∼ 5.5 nm) acquired during the ABoVE measurement campaign in Canada and a data set containing the observation of a coal mine ventilation shaft plume. In the data set, multiple methane emission plumes could be detected, and the emissions were estimated for five of them. Additionally, the influence of different surface types on the retrieval results was studied. For some surface types, the biases reached ±5 - 10 %, while the retrieval precision was 2 - 5% total column increase. The second question was examined by developing, building, and deploying the MAMAP2DLight instrument successfully. It is an imaging airborne remote sensing spectrometer with ∼ 1.1nm spectral resolution covering the absorption bands of CO2 and CH4 between 1560 and 1690 nm. It observes 28 ground scenes with a spatial resolution of 22 × 6m2, creating an image of the ground while flying over it. The total column precision was 0.28% after binning to 100×100m2 ground scenes, and 0.7% unbinned. During the first measurement flight over the coal-fired power plant Jänschwalde in Eastern Germany in June 2021, the CO2 emission plume was mapped successfully, and emissions of 10.3 Mt CO2 yr-1 were estimated, which were close to the emission estimate based on activity data of 11.6 Mt CO2 yr-1. For the third question, a forward model adapted to the airborne geometry was implemented in the optimal estimation-based Fast atmOspheric traCe gAs retrievaL (FOCAL AIR). It included a parametrized treatment of scattering. Nevertheless, the Jacobian of the forward model could be calculated analytically for all atmospheric parameters, reducing the computational resources needed for the retrieval. In synthetic measurements, treating scattering parametrized reduced errors compared to an absorption-only forward model by up to 50 %. Additionally, applying the FOCAL AIR retrieval and the WFM-DOAS on the MAMAP data set acquired over the power plant Jänschwalde in May 2018, different FOCAL AIR retrieval configurations were tested. With the best retrieval configuration, an emission of 18.6 Mt CO2 yr-1 was estimated for the power plant Jänschwalde, close to the emission estimate from WFM-DOAS retrieval results of 19.4 Mt CO2 yr-1.

Download or read book Satellite Measurements of Carbon Dioxide written by Jens Heymann and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Enhanced Molecular Sieve Co2 Removal Evaluation written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-06 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research is to quantitatively characterize the performance of two major types of molecular sieves for two-bed regenerative carbon dioxide removal at the conditions compatible with both a spacesuit and station application. One sorbent is a zeolite-based molecular sieve that has been substantially improved over the materials used in Skylab. The second sorbent is a recently developed carbon-based molecular sieve. Both molecular sieves offer the potential of high payoff for future manned missions by reducing system complexity, weight (including consumables), and power consumption in comparison with competing concepts. The research reported here provides the technical data required to improve CO2 removal systems for regenerative life support systems for future IVA and EVA missions. Rose, Susan and ElSherif, Dina and MacKnight, Allen Unspecified Center...

Download or read book Remote Sensing of Aerosols Clouds and Precipitation written by Tanvir Islam and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-10-18 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote Sensing of Aerosols, Clouds, and Precipitation compiles recent advances in aerosol, cloud, and precipitation remote sensing from new satellite observations. The book examines a wide range of measurements from microwave (both active and passive), visible, and infrared portions of the spectrum. Contributors are experts conducting state-of-the-art research in atmospheric remote sensing using space, airborne, and ground-based datasets, focusing on supporting earth observation satellite missions for aerosol, cloud, and precipitation studies. A handy reference for scientists working in remote sensing, earth science, electromagnetics, climate physics, and space engineering. Valuable for operational forecasters, meteorologists, geospatial experts, modelers, and policymakers alike. - Presents new approaches in the field, along with further research opportunities, based on the latest satellite data - Focuses on how remote sensing systems can be designed/developed to solve outstanding problems in earth and atmospheric sciences - Edited by a dynamic team of editors with a mixture of highly skilled and qualified authors offering world-leading expertise in the field

Download or read book Novel Concepts for the Compression of Large Volumes of Carbon Dioxide written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the effort to reduce the release of CO2 greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, sequestration of CO2 from Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) and Oxy-Fuel power plants is being pursued. This approach, however, requires significant compression power to boost the pressure to typical pipeline levels. The penalty can be as high as 8% to 12% on a typical IGCC plant. The goal of this research is to reduce this penalty through novel compression concepts and integration with existing IGCC processes. The primary objective of the study of novel CO2 compression concepts is to boost the pressure of CO2 to pipeline pressures with the minimal amount of energy required. Fundamental thermodynamics were studied to explore pressure rise in both liquid and gaseous states. For gaseous compression, the project investigated novel methods to compress CO2 while removing the heat of compression internal to the compressor. The high-pressure ratio due to the delivery pressure of the CO2 for enhanced oil recovery results in significant heat of compression. Since less energy is required to boost the pressure of a cooler gas stream, both upstream and interstage cooling is desirable. While isothermal compression has been utilized in some services, it has not been optimized for the IGCC environment. This project determined the optimum compressor configuration and developed technology concepts for internal heat removal. Other compression options using liquefied CO2 and cryogenic pumping were explored as well. Preliminary analysis indicates up to a 35% reduction in power is possible with the new concepts being considered.