Download or read book Novel Materials and Devices for Sensing and Security Applications written by Akhil Dodda and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Digital information is experiencing unprecedented and superexponential growth across every sector of modern society including defense, automation, communication, computation, agriculture, healthcare, and infrastructure. This information revolution led to the emergence of a new technological landscape called the Internet of Things (IoT) where the information generated from the devices is collected and transmitted among other devices, to interpret the acquired information and take necessary actions without any human intervention. Slowly building momentum for over a decade, IoT devices are influencing every aspect of our day-to-day lives and transforming the future into a data-centric world. However, with the increasing demand for edge devices, there is an escalating threat of tampering or physical intrusion of privacy by untrustworthy parties and also making these devices extremely energy inefficient due to the von-Neumann bottleneck. This dissertation focuses on developing low-power sensing and security solutions based on two-dimensional materials for next-generation IoT edge devices. Stochastic resonance (SR) in sensory neurobiology proves the constructive role of noise in information processing contrary to the conventional wisdom that noise is a nuisance. In SR, a sensory system embedded in a noisy environment can detect weak time-variant signals, when the noise intensity reaches some finite and appropriate level. By exploiting SR in MoS2 transistors, it is found that the weak electrical and optical signals, which are otherwise undetectable, are amplified and detected. In particular, electrical/optical signals below the detection threshold were detected in the presence of the right amount of random Gaussian noise disproving the popular belief that noise is detrimental to signal detection. Additionally, it was found that the energy consumed by the Si photodiode for detecting subthreshold optical signal, exploiting SR was ~1000x higher compared to that of the MoS2 photodetector. Population Coding (PC) is another neurobiological phenomenon where a group of neurons collectively detects a subthreshold signal by generating each random output in response to the same stimulus. An array of MoS2 transistors each with its own random Gaussian noise source was used to accomplish the same principle and demonstrated the reduction in detection latency or early signal detection. Machine vision is another important factor for photodetectors used in IoT applications. Machine vision systems consist of a set of integrated components, which are designed to use information extracted from digital images sensed by the photodetector; to automatically guide the production and manufacturing operations. Numerous studies have investigated to improve the performance of photodetectors. However, these studies typically rely on the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensors and von-Neumann architectures consuming significantly high amounts of energy. Deriving inspiration from the biological visual system and exploiting the gate-tunable persistent photoconductivity coupled with non-volatile programmable memory in the MoS2 photodetector, it was found that the MoS2 photodetectors can directly learn, relearn, and forget the information without any human intervention. Additionally, the amount of energy consumed was observed to be a few pico Joules/pixel demonstrating the efficacy of the MoS2-based photodetectors. With the emergence of the IoT and its critical role in our day-to-day lives, the risk of information loss or security threats has become a raging concern more than ever before. Although conventional software crypto modules are powerful, they consume an enormous amount of energy in ciphering the information, necessitating the need for novel hardware cryptographic primitives. While hardware-based cryptographic modules exist, with the aging silicon technology and von Neumann bottleneck, innovation in materials, devices, and architectures is required in designing next-generation secure electronics. A low-power, bio-inspired, fully integrated cryptographic platform was developed to secure the information at the sensor node. The cryptographic platform sense the information from the external world using a MoS2 photodetector, adds noise to the information using a voltage divider and encodes the information using the MoS2 transistor integrating all the essential components required for the IoT devices. Additionally, it is found that the encoded information is resilient to machine learning attacks and requires a significantly high number of brute-force trials (BFTs). Physically Unclonable functions (PUFs) are another important security primitive used to authenticate the information. By exploiting the intrinsic variations in the carrier transport of graphene, graphene-based PUF was developed and tested to be resilient against advanced machine learning attacks such as generative adversarial networks and regression models. It was also found that the PUFs were reliable to the supply voltage fluctuations, temperature fluctuations, and temporal fluctuations. Additionally, by exploiting the memristive behavior in graphene, graphene-based PUFs can be reconfigurable and be used even after an adversary attack.
Download or read book Memristor Technology Synthesis and Modeling for Sensing and Security Applications written by Heba Abunahla and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-18 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides readers with a single-source guide to fabricate, characterize and model memristor devices for sensing applications. The authors describe a correlated, physics-based model to simulate and predict the behavior of devices fabricated with different oxide materials, active layer thickness, and operating temperature. They discuss memristors from various perspectives, including working mechanisms, different synthesis methods, characterization procedures, and device employment in radiation sensing and security applications.
Download or read book Nanotechnology Enabled Sensors written by Kourosh Kalantar-zadeh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-19 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology provides tools for creating functional materials, devices, and systems by controlling materials at the atomic and molecular scales and making use of novel properties and phenomena. Nanotechnology-enabled sensors find applications in several fields such as health and safety, medicine, process control and diagnostics. This book provides the reader with information on how nanotechnology enabled sensors are currently being used and how they will be used in the future in such diverse fields as communications, building and facilities, medicine, safety, and security, including both homeland defense and military operations.
Download or read book Materials for Devices written by Sam Zhang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-30 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From everyday applications to the rise of automation, devices have become ubiquitous. Specific materials are employed in specific devices because of their particular properties, including electrical, thermal, magnetic, mechanical, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric. Materials for Devices discusses materials selection for optimal application and highlights current materials developments in gas sensors, optical devices, mechanoelectrical devices, and medical and biological devices. Explains how to select the right material for the right device Includes 2D materials, thin films, smart piezoelectric films, and more Presents details on organic solar cells Describes thin films in sensors, actuators, and LEDs Covers thin films and elastic polymers in biomedical devices Discusses growth and characterization of intrinsic magnetic topological insulators This work is aimed at researchers, technologists, and advanced students in materials and electrical engineering and related fields who are interested in developing sensors or devices.
Download or read book Novel Sensors and Sensing written by Roger G. Jackson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-08-21 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last twenty years there has been tremendous growth in the research and development of sensors and sensor signal processing methods. Advances in materials and fabrication techniques have led to a departure from traditional sensor types and the development of novel sensing techniques and devices, many of which are now finding favor in indust
Download or read book Expanding the Vision of Sensor Materials written by Committee on New Sensor Technologies: Materials and Applications and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-07-06 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in materials science and engineering have paved the way for the development of new and more capable sensors. Drawing upon case studies from manufacturing and structural monitoring and involving chemical and long wave-length infrared sensors, this book suggests an approach that frames the relevant technical issues in such a way as to expedite the consideration of new and novel sensor materials. It enables a multidisciplinary approach for identifying opportunities and making realistic assessments of technical risk and could be used to guide relevant research and development in sensor technologies.
Download or read book Optochemical Nanosensors written by Andrea Cusano and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 613 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of the state of the art in optical and chemical nanosensors for industrial, environmental, diagnostic, security, and medical applications. It summarizes the various types and developments in optical and chemical sensor technology and then explains how the integration of optical/chemical sensors and nanomaterials creates new opportunities. The text also reviews optochemical sensors, starting from the basics in optoelectronics and concluding with the principles of operation at the basis of optochemical devices. The authors offer insight into future trends in this growing field and present a range of applications in the fields of medicine, security, and bioterrorism.
Download or read book Functionalized Nanoscale Materials Devices and Systems written by Ashok K. Vaseashta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-23 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary objective of the NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) titled “Functionalized Nanoscale Materials, Devices, and Systems for Chem. -Bio Sensors, Photonics, and Energy Generation and Storage” was to present a contemporary and comprehensive overview of the field of nanostructured materials and devices and its applications in chem. -bio sensors, nanophotonics, and energy generation and storage devices. The study has become one of the most promising disciplines in science and technology, as it aims at the fundamental understanding of new physical, che- cal, and biological properties of systems and the technological advances arising from their exploration. Such systems are intermediate in size, between the isolated atoms and molecules and bulk material, where the unique transitional characteristics between the two can be understood, controlled, and manipulated. Nanotechnologies refer to the creation and utilization of functional materials, devices, and systems with novel properties and functions that are achieved through the control of matter, atom-by-atom, molecule-by-molecule, or at a micro-mo- cular level. Advances made over the last few years provide new opportunities for scientific and technological developments in nanostructures and nanosystems with new architectures with improved functionality. The field is very actively and rapidly evolving and covers a wide range of disciplines. Recently, various nanoscale materials, devices, and systems with remarkable properties have been developed, with numerous unique applications in chemical and biological sensors, nanophotonics, nano-biotechnology, and in-vivo analysis of cellular processes at the nanoscale.
Download or read book 2D Materials for Electronics Sensors and Devices written by Saptarshi Das and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-09-21 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2D Materials for Electronics, Sensors and Devices: Synthesis, Characterization, Fabrication and Application provides an overview of various top-down and bottom-up synthesis techniques, along with stitching, stacking and stoichiometric control methods for different 2D materials and their heterostructures. The book focuses on the widespread applications of various 2D materials in high-performance and low-power sensors, field effect devices, flexible electronics, straintronics, spintronics, brain-inspired electronics, energy harvesting and energy storage devices. This is an important reference for materials scientists and engineers looking to gain a greater understanding on how 2D materials are being used to create a range of low cost, sustainable products and devices. Discusses the major synthesis and preparation methods of a range of emerging 2D electronic materials Provides state-of-the-art information on the most recent advances, including theoretical and experimental studies and new applications Discusses the major challenges of the mass application of 2D materials in industry
Download or read book Photonic Sensing written by Gaozhi Xiao and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-10-02 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PHOTONIC SENSING A cutting-edge look at safety and security applications of photonic sensors With its many superior qualities, photonic sensing technology is increasingly used in early-detection and early-warning systems for biological hazards, structural flaws, and security threats. Photonic Sensing provides for the first time a comprehensive review of this exciting and rapidly evolving field, focusing on the development of cutting-edge applications in diverse areas of safety and security, from biodetection to biometrics. The book brings together contributions from leading experts in the field, fostering effective solutions for the development of specialized materials, novel optical devices, and networking algorithms and platforms. A number of specific areas of safety and security monitoring are covered, including background information, operation principles, analytical techniques, and applications. Topics include: Document security and structural integrity monitoring, as well as the detection of food pathogens and bacteria Surface plasmon sensors, micro-based cytometry, optofluidic techniques, and optical coherence tomography Optic fiber sensors for explosive detection and photonic liquid crystal fiber sensors for security monitoring Photonics-assisted frequency measurement with promising electronic warfare applications An invaluable, multidisciplinary resource for researchers and professionals in photonic sensing, as well as safety and security monitoring, this book will help readers jump-start their own research and development in areas of physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, mechanics, electronics, and defense.
Download or read book Optical Imaging and Sensing written by Jiang Wu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-10-23 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understand the future of optical imaging with this cutting-edge guide Optoelectronic devices for imaging and sensing are among the backbones of modern technology. Facilitating the mutual conversion of optical and electrical signals, they have applications from telecommunications to molecular spectroscopy, and their incorporation into photon-involved technologies is only growing. The rapid development of this field makes the need for a fully up-to-date introduction all the more critical. Optical Imaging and Sensing meets this need with a comprehensive guide to the novel materials and devices employed in optical imaging and sensing. Given the current revolution in new imaging materials, an introduction that fully incorporates the latest research is an indispensable tool for scientists and engineers in a huge range of fields. The technologies surveyed here promise to transform public security, 5G and next-generation wireless communication, clinical imaging, and many more. Optical Imaging and Sensing Readers will also find: Detailed discussion of materials including semimetallic graphene, semiconducting black phosphorous, and many more Discussion of devices from infrared photodetectors to nonlinear interferometers A thorough look forward to the future of the field Optical Imaging and Sensing is a useful reference for materials scientists, spectroscopists, semiconductor physicists, and engineers working in any field or industry involving optical imaging or sensing technology.
Download or read book Functional Nanostructures and Sensors for CBRN Defence and Environmental Safety and Security written by Anatolie Sidorenko and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-17 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade, techniques for materials preparation and processing at nanometer scale have advanced rapidly, leading to the introduction of novel principles for a new generation of sensors and detectors. At the same time, the chemical industry, transport and agriculture produce huge amounts of dangerous waste gases and liquids, leading to soil, air and water contamination. One more modern threat - international terrorism - demands that scientists make efforts to apply new principles and technologies to protect society against chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) attacks and to develop novel effective technologies for the remediation of large contaminated areas. Accordingly, the main goal of this book is to bring together experts (theorists, experimentalists, engineers and technologists) for an extensive discussion covering: novel principles for functional nanostructures and detector fabrication and implementation, the development of novel technologies for the deactivation of CBRN agents, their experimental realization and their application in novel monitoring and control systems, and technological processes for soil and water remediation, with a view to environmental protection and defence against CBRN-based terrorism. In keeping with the book’s main goal, the following topics are highlighted and discussed: - Sensors and detectors - detection of chemicals, principles of “artificial nose” and chemical “micro-lab on a chip” design, surface and underground water quality monitoring systems, molecular electronics, superconducting electronic devices, quantum detectors and Qubits. - Environmental protection and CBRN - detection of infrared, microwave, X-ray and terahertz radiation. Principles for novel IR-, UV-, and Terahertz-wave devices for the detection of low-contrast objects. - Novel technological processes for CBRN destruction and deactivation. All these topics are strongly interrelated, both with regard to fundamental aspects and to fabrication and implementation technologies; in addition, they are highly promising for application in novel functional devices, computer logics, sensing and detection of low-concentration chemicals, weak and extremely weak magnetic and microwave fields, infrared and ultraviolet radiation. Given its scope, the book will be a useful and interesting guide for a broad readership of engineers, scientists, PhD students and experts in the area of defence against environmental terrorism.
Download or read book Nanoscale Sensors written by Shibin Li and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-17 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive introduction to nanoscale materials for sensor applications, with a focus on connecting the fundamental laws of physics and the chemistry of materials with device design. Nanoscale sensors can be used for a wide variety of applications, including the detection of gases, optical signals, and mechanical strain, and can meet the need to detect and quantify the presence of gaseous pollutants or other dangerous substances in the environment. Gas sensors have found various applications in our daily lives and in industry. Semiconductive oxides, including SnO2, ZnO, Fe2O3, and In2O3, are promising candidates for gas sensor applications. Carbon nanomaterials are becoming increasingly available as “off-the-shelf” components, and this makes nanotechnology more exciting and approachable than ever before. Nano-wire based field- effect transistor biosensors have also received much attention in recent years as a way to achieve ultra-sensitive and label-free sensing of molecules of biological interest. A diverse array of semiconductor-based nanostructures has been synthesized for use as a photoelectrochemical sensor or biosensor in the detection of low concentrations of analytes. A novel acoustic sensor for structural health monitoring (SHM) that utilizes lead zirconate titanate (PZT) nano- active fiber composites (NAFCs) is described as well.
Download or read book Sensors for IOT Applications written by E Control Devices and published by E Control Devices. This book was released on 2021-12-21 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, we have discussed IoT technology and how it has changed the entire technological advancements in the future as well. The Internet of Things means billions of devices and gadgets throughout the world that is interconnected with the internet, all collecting and distributing information. Because of the appearance of small and modest CPUs and the universality of wireless networks, it's possible to turn anything, from something as little as a pill to something as big as a fighter plane or submarine, into a piece of the IoT. The IoT is making the essence of our everyday surroundings more intelligent and more responsive, interconnecting the automated and physical worlds. Any actual item can be changed into an IoT gadget if it tends to be associated with the web to be controlled or convey data. As even more up-to-date advancements and availability procedures hit the market, IoT development will keep on developing, assisting the change of detached items into brilliant associated gadgets. This pattern will affect enterprises, all things considered, just as our own lives. Be that as it may, similarly to any other innovation, IoT issues do exist. Concerns incorporate acknowledgment, cost, network, security, and that's just the beginning. As numerous new players enter the field, guidelines are being set. In any case, even with these difficulties, the ultimate objectives of IoT have a lot of guarantees.
Download or read book Nanoelectronics Physics Materials and Devices written by Angsuman Sarkar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-01-03 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approx.528 pages Approx.528 pages
Download or read book 2D Materials for Electronics Sensors and Devices written by Saptarshi Das and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-09-14 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2D Materials for Electronics, Sensors and Devices: Synthesis, Characterization, Fabrication and Application provides an overview of various top-down and bottom-up synthesis techniques, along with stitching, stacking and stoichiometric control methods for different 2D materials and their heterostructures. The book focuses on the widespread applications of various 2D materials in high-performance and low-power sensors, field effect devices, flexible electronics, straintronics, spintronics, brain-inspired electronics, energy harvesting and energy storage devices. This is an important reference for materials scientists and engineers looking to gain a greater understanding on how 2D materials are being used to create a range of low cost, sustainable products and devices. Discusses the major synthesis and preparation methods of a range of emerging 2D electronic materials Provides state-of–the-art information on the most recent advances, including theoretical and experimental studies and new applications Discusses the major challenges of the mass application of 2D materials in industry
Download or read book THz and Security Applications written by Carlo Corsi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-06 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings comprise invited papers from highly experienced researchers in THz technology and security applications. THz detection of explosives represents one of the most appealing technologies to have recently emerged in dealing with terrorist attacks encountered by civil security and military forces throughout the world. Discussed are the most advanced technologies and developments, the various points of operational strength and weaknesses as well as are suggestions and predictions the best technological solutions to overcome current operational limits. The current status of various levels of cooling in THz detectors, sources and associated electronics are also addressed. The goal was to provide a clear view on the current technologies available and the required advances needed in order to achieve more efficient systems. This goal was outlined in part by establishing the baseline of current uncertainty estimations in physics-based modelling and the identification of key areas which require additional research and development.
