Download or read book Novel Large Area High Resolution Neutron Detector for the Spallation Neutron Source written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neutron scattering is a powerful technique that is critically important for materials science and structural biology applications. The knowledge gained from past developments has resulted in far-reaching advances in engineering, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, to name a few. New facilities for neutron generation at much higher flux, such as the SNS at Oak Ridge, TN, will greatly enhance the capabilities of neutron scattering, with benefits that extend to many fields and include, for example, development of improved drug therapies and materials that are stronger, longer-lasting, and more impact-resistant. In order to fully realize this enhanced potential, however, higher neutron rates must be met with improved detection capabilities, particularly higher count rate capability in large size detectors, while maintaining practicality. We have developed a neutron detector with the technical and economic advantages to accomplish this goal. This new detector has a large sensitive area, offers 3D spatial resolution, high sensitivity and high count rate capability, and it is economical and practical to produce. The proposed detector technology is based on B-10 thin film conversion of neutrons in long straw-like gas detectors. A stack of many such detectors, each 1 meter in length, and 4 mm in diameter, has a stopping power that exceeds that of He-3 gas, contained at practical pressures within an area detector. With simple electronic readout methods, straw detector arrays can provide spatial resolution of 4 mm FWHM or better, and since an array detector of such form consists of several thousand individual elements per square meter, count rates in a 1 m^2 detector can reach 2?10^7 cps. Moreover, each individual event can be timetagged with a time resolution of less than 0.1?sec, allowing accurate identification of neutron energy by time of flight. Considering basic elemental cost, this novel neutron imaging detector can be commercially produced economically, probably at a small fraction of the cost of He-3 detectors. In addition to neutron scattering science, the fully developed base technology can be used as a rugged, low-cost neutron detector in area monitoring and surveying. Radiation monitors are used in a number of other settings for occupational and environmental radiation safety. Such a detector can also be used in environmental monitoring and remote nuclear power plant monitoring. For example, the Department of Energy could use it to characterize nuclear waste dumps, coordinate clean-up efforts, and assess the radioactive contaminants in the air and water. Radiation monitors can be used to monitor the age and component breakdown of nuclear warheads and to distinguish between weapons and reactor grade plutonium. The UN's International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) uses radiation monitors for treaty verification, remote monitoring, and enforcing the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. As part of treaty verification, monitors can be used to certify the contents of containers during inspections. They could be used for portal monitoring to secure border checkpoints, sea ports, air cargo centers, public parks, sporting venues, and key government buildings. Currently, only 2% of all sea cargo shipped is inspected for radiation sources. In addition, merely the presence of radiation is detected and nothing is known about the radioactive source until further testing. The utilization of radiation monitors with neutron sensitivity and capability of operation in hostile port environments would increase the capacity and effectiveness of the radioactive scanning processes.

Download or read book Neutron Detectors for Scattering Applications written by Yacouba Diawara and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-08-04 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the most common neutron detectors used in neutron scattering facilities and all of those in use at Oak Ridge National Lab. It starts describing the facilities, instruments and the critical detector parameters needed by various instruments. Then the key components of the 3He-based linear position-sensitive detectors as well as on their electronics, which require particular attention to signal processing and noise reduction, are introduced. One chapter is dedicated to the 3He alternatives where scintillators play a critical role. It also covers emerging neutron detection technologies including semiconductors, vacuum-based devices and their associated readouts, which will be required in the future for high rate and high-resolution neutron detectors. The authors explain the logic behind the choice of materials as well as the various constraints that neutron detectors must respect to be useful. Some of these constraints, such as efficiency and gamma-ray sensitivity are common to all neutron counters while others, like timing resolution, dynamic range, and peak counting rate, depend on the applications. The book guides experts, the nuclear science community, and young scholars through the physical processes and the required electronics in a way that is accessible for those not professionally involved in designing detector’s components and electronic circuits.

Download or read book Development of a High count rate Neutron Detector with Position Sensitivity and High Efficiency written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the neutron scattering community is bombarded with hints of new technologies that may deliver detectors with high-count-rate capability, high efficiency, gamma-ray insensitivity, and high resolution across large areas, only the time-tested, gas-filled [sup 3]He and scintillation detectors are in widespread use. Future spallation sources with higher fluxes simply must exploit some of the advanced detector schemes that are as yet unproved as production systems. Technologies indicating promise as neutron detectors include pixel arrays of amorphous silicon, silicon microstrips, microstrips with gas, and new scintillation materials. This project sought to study the competing neutron detector technologies and determine which or what combination will lead to a production detector system well suited for use at a high-intensity neutron scattering source.

Download or read book Advances in Neutron Scattering Instrumentation written by Ian S. Anderson and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 2002 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based partly on the original importers' catalogues and partly on the wide range of pieces handled by the author Bryan Catley, a leading specialist in the subject, this book covers a comprehensive range of art deco figures. Between the wars, an entirely modern style of decorative sculpture emerged which was a complete break with the heavy romantic late 19th century schools, and was totally in sympathy with the vibrant young society of the 1920s. The use of bronze and ivory for the great number of these sensual figures in no way obscures the the fact that many are of exceptionally high quality; add to this their sense of movement and rhythm and one realises that the large sums thay now command is a reflection of a discriminative international collectors' market. This new revised edition provides a comprehensive listing of the great variety and range of figures, of which there are still more to be found.

Download or read book High Resolution Two Dimensional Neutron Imaging Detector written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The neutron detector that was contracted by NIST on behalf of Office of Science for ORNL has been delivered to ORNL. The attached letter from Ron Cooper supports the acceptance of the deliverable.

Download or read book Thermal neutron Detection Based on the Gas Electron Multiplier written by T. L. Van Vuure and published by Delft University Press. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a Ph.D. dissertation. For probing the structure and dynamics of matter at an atomic, molecular and mesoscopic level, elastic and inelastic neutron scattering, diffractometry, reflectometry and a variety of other neutron scattering methods are of utmost importance. For them the availability of highly efficient and fast large-area position-sensitive neutron detectors is a condition of growing importance. In particular, the upcoming third generation of neutron sources, consisting of high-intensity pulsed spallation neutron sources, in conjunction with current progress in neutron optics will increase the peak neutron flux at the spectrometers' samples positions by more than two orders of magnitude. Consequently, much faster detectors than presently available with improved background are required in order to take full advantage of these increased source strengths and us pulse widths. In addition, due to the higher neutron fluxes, longer flight paths and smaller samples can be used and if higher 'matched' spatial detector resolutions are available better lattice resolutions can be attained. The goal of the research described in this dissertation is to develop a thermal neutron detector that meets as many as possible of the requirements being formulated during the ongoing design of the third generation of neutron sources.

Download or read book Position Sensitive Scintillation Neutron Detectors Using a Crossed Fiber Optic Readout Array written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) under construction at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory will be the most important new neutron scattering facility in the United States. Neutron scattering instruments for the SNS will require large area detectors with fast response (

Download or read book Large Area Thermal Neutron Detectors for Security Applications written by Edward James Marsden and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report details the research and development of a novel class of large area thermal neutron detector, developed specifically for the application of cargo screening. Based broadly on a laminar scintillation device, developed by Barton et al, using ZnS and Li6F, the new detector achieves a comparable level of performance to standard 3He tubes, but only employs readily available components and none isotopically enriched chemicals, thereby offering a low cost solution to the problem caused by restrictions in the supply of 3He.

Download or read book A Large Neutrino Detector Facility at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ORLaND (Oak Ridge Large Neutrino Detector) collaboration proposes to construct a large neutrino detector in an underground experimental hall adjacent to the first target station of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The main mission of a large (2000 ton) Scintillation-Cherenkov detector is to measure[bar[nu]][sub[mu]][r-arrow][bar[nu]][sub e] neutrino oscillation parameters more accurately than they can be determined in other experiments, or significantly extending the covered parameter space below (sin'20[le] 10[sup[minus]4]). In addition to the neutrino oscillation measurements, ORLaND would be capable of making precise measurements of sin[sup 2][theta][sub W], search for the magnetic moment of the muon neutrino, and investigate the anomaly in the KARMEN time spectrum, which has been attributed to a new neutral particle. With the same facility an extensive program of measurements of neutrino nucleus cross sections is also planned to support nuclear astrophysics.

Download or read book Literature Search on Neutron Detectors written by Frances L. Sachs and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Elements of Slow Neutron Scattering written by J. M. Carpenter and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-09-24 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to the fundamental theory and applications of slow-neutron scattering.

Download or read book Novel Neutron Detector for High Rate Imaging Applications written by Jeffrey Lacy (L.) and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Phase II period performance was May 30, 2002 through May 29, 2004. This development effort was successfully completed within the period and budget allotted. The proposed design was successfully fabricated from B{sub 4}C-coated aluminum and copper film, slit and wound to form 4 mm diameter straws, cut to 100 cm in length, and threaded with resistive anode wires (20 {micro}m in diameter). This paper reports testing done with two 50-straw detector modules at the reactor of the Nuclear Science Center at Texas A & M University (TAMU NSC).

Download or read book The COHERENT Experiment at the Spallation Neutron Source written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The COHERENT collaboration's primary objective is to measure coherent elastic neutrino- nucleus scattering (CEvNS) using the unique, high-quality source of tens-of-MeV neutrinos provided by the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). In spite of its large cross section, the CEvNS process has never been observed, due to tiny energies of the resulting nuclear recoils which are out of reach for standard neutrino detectors. The measurement of CEvNS has now become feasible, thanks to the development of ultra-sensitive technology for rare decay and weakly-interacting massive particle (dark matter) searches. The CEvNS cross section is cleanly predicted in the standard model; hence its measurement provides a standard model test. It is relevant for supernova physics and supernova-neutrino detection, and enables validation of dark-matter detector background and detector-response models. In the long term, precision measurement of CEvNS will address questions of nuclear structure. COHERENT will deploy multiple detector technologies in a phased approach: a 14-kg CsI[Na] scintillating crystal, 15 kg of p-type point-contact germanium detectors, and 100 kg of liquid xenon in a two-phase time projection chamber. Following an extensive background measurement campaign, a location in the SNS basement has proven to be neutron-quiet and suitable for deployment of the COHERENT detector suite. The simultaneous deployment of the three COHERENT detector subsystems will test the N=2 dependence of the cross section and ensure an unambiguous discovery of CEvNS. This document describes concisely the COHERENT physics motivations, sensitivity and plans for measurements at the SNS to be accomplished on a four-year timescale.

Download or read book Neutron Detectors written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A child speculates about sleeping next to various animals in various places other than one's own, and most desirable, warm bed.

Download or read book Introduction to the Theory of Thermal Neutron Scattering written by G. L. Squires and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-03-29 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A long-awaited reprint of the book that has established itself as the classic textbook on neutron scattering. It will be an invaluable introductory text for students taking courses on neutron scattering, as well as for researchers and those who would like to deepen their knowledge on the subject through self-study.

Download or read book Programme and Abstracts written by Thomas Brückel and published by Forschungszentrum Jülich. This book was released on 2012 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Novel Neutron Detectors written by Eric Anthony Burgett and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new set of thermal neutron detectors has been developed as a near term 3He tube replacement. The zinc oxide scintillator is an ultrafast scintillator which can be doped to have performance equal to or superior to 3He tubes. Originally investigated in the early 1950s, this room temperature semiconductor has been evaluated as a thermal neutron scintillator. Zinc oxide can be doped with different nuclei to tune the band gap, improve optical clarity, and improve the thermal neutron detection efficiency. The effects of various dopant effects on the scintillation properties, materials properties, and crystal growth parameters have been analyzed. Two different growth modalities were investigated: bulk melt grown materials as well as thin film scintillators grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). MOCVD has shown significant advantages including precise thickness control, high dopant incorporation, and epitaxial coatings of neutron target nuclei. Detector designs were modeled and simulated to design an improved thermal neutron detector using doped ZnO layers, conformal coatings and light collection improvements including Bragg reflectors and photonic crystal structures. The detectors have been tested for crystalline quality by XRD and FTIR spectroscopy, for scintillation efficiency by photo-luminescence spectroscopy, and for neutron detection efficiency by alpha and neutron radiation tests. Lastly, a novel method for improving light collection efficiency has been investigated, the creation of a photonic crystal scintillator. Here, the flow of optical light photons is controlled through an engineered structure created with the scintillator materials. This work has resulted in a novel radiation detection material for the near term replacement of 3He tubes with performance characteristics equal to or superior to that of 3He.