Download or read book Novel Improvements on the Analytical Chemistry of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Metabolites written by Wang Huiyong and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are important environmental pollutants originating from a wide variety of natural and anthropogenic sources. Because many of them are highly suspect as etiological agents in human cancer, chemical analysis of PAH is of great environmental and toxicological importance. Current methodology for PAH follows the classical pattern of sample preparation and chromatographic analysis. Sample preparation pre-concentrates PAH, simplifies matrix composition, and facilitates analytical resolution in the chromatographic column. Among the several approaches that exist to pre-concentrate PAH from water samples, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends the use of solid-phase extraction (SPE). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are the basis for standard PAH identification and determination. Ultraviolet (UV) absorption and room temperature fluorescence detection are both widely used in HPLC, but the specificity of these detectors is modest. Since PAH identification is solely based on retention times, unambiguous PAH identification requires complete chromatographic resolution of sample components. When HPLC is applied to "unfamiliar" samples, the EPA recommends that a supporting analytical technique such as GC-MS be applied to verify compound identification and to check peak-purity HPLC fractions. Independent of the volume of extracted water, the approximate time required to separate and determine the sixteen "priority pollutants" (EPA-PAH) via HPLC is approximately 60min. If additional GC-MS analysis is required for unambiguous PAH determination, the total analysis time will reach 2-3 hours per sample. If the concentrations of target species are found to lie outside the detector's response range, the sample must be diluted and the process repeated. These are important considerations when routine analysis of numerous samples is contemplated. Parent PAH are relatively inert and need metabolic activation to express their carcinogenicity. By virtue of the rich heterogeneous distribution of metabolic products they produce, PAH provide a full spectrum of the complexity associated with understanding the initial phase of carcinogenesis. PAH metabolites include a variety of products such as expoxides, hydroxyl aromatics, quinines, dihydrodiols, dioepoxides, tetrols and water soluble conjugates. During the past decades tremendous efforts have been made to develop bio-analytical techniques that possess the selectivity and sensitivity for the problem at hand. Depending on the complexity of the sample and the relative concentrations of the targeted metabolites, a combination of sample preparation techniques is often necessary to reach the limits of detection of the instrumental method of analysis. The numerous preparation steps open ample opportunity to metabolite loss and collection of inaccurate data. Separation of metabolites has been accomplished via HPLC, capillary electrophoresis (CE) and GC-MS. Unfortunately, the existence of chemically related metabolic products with virtually identical fragmentation patterns often challenges the specificity of these techniques. This dissertation presents significant improvements in various fronts. Its first original component--which we have named solid-phase nano-extraction (SPNE)--deals with the use of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) as extracting material for PAH. The advantages of SPNE are demonstrated for the analysis of PAH in water samples via both HPLC and Laser-Excited Time-Resolved Shpol'skii Spectroscopy (LETRSS). The same concept is then extended to the analysis of monohydroxy-PAH in urine samples via SPE- HPLC and In-Capillary SPNE-CE. The second original component of this dissertation describes the application of Shpol'skii Spectroscopy to the analysis of polar PAH metabolites. The outstanding selectivity and sensitivity for the direct analysis of PAH at trace concentration levels has made Shpol'skii spectroscopy a leading technique in environmental analysis. Unfortunately, the requirement of a specific guest-host combination--typically a non-polar PAH dissolved in an n-alkane-- has hindered its widespread application to the field of analytical chemistry. This dissertation takes the first steps in removing this limitation demonstrating its feasibility for the analysis of polar benzopyrene metabolites in alcohol matrixes.

Download or read book Handbook of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Bjorseth and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1985-12-06 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume concerns sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), their emission factors, and relative importance. It deals with exposure, uptake, metabolism, and detection of PAH in the human body. The volume contains an update of information in environmental and biochemical studies of PAH.

Download or read book Analytical Chemistry of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds written by Milton Lee and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analytical Chemistry of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds focuses on the chemical and physical properties of the polycyclic aromatic compounds, critically evaluating various chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. This book discusses how gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography can be both competitive and complementary analytical methods. Ancillary techniques of both are emphasized for the structural elucidation of individual polycyclic aromatic compounds in complex mixtures. The merits of spectroscopic methods in both structural work and quantitation are also described. This text likewise provides background information concerning the chemistry, occurrence, and toxicology of polycyclic aromatic compounds, including the isolation of polycyclic aromatic compounds from a wide variety of materials and matrices. This publication is recommended to scientists involved with the study of polycyclic aromatic compounds, analysts who need to acquire routine data, and individuals charged with formulating environmental policies and drafting regulations.

Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Ronald G. Harvey and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1991-11-07 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 1991 volume was the first to review the chemical properties of the carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Download or read book Large C 24 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by John C. Fetzer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2000-08-28 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycyclische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe (PAHs) gehören zu den ersten Chemikalien, die als krebserregend für den Menschen erkannt wurden. Erstmals werden in diesem Buch PAHs mit mehr als sieben Ringen auf modernem Stand systematisch abgehandelt. Spezielle Kapitel beschäftigen sich mit Probenvorbereitung und -handling; auch ein Vergleich verschiedener Analyseverfahren ist enthalten. Besonders nützlich für den Laboralltag ist ein ausführlicher Anhang mit Strukturformeln sowie UV-Absorptions- und Fluoreszenz-Emissionsspektren von fast 50 Verbindungen.

Download or read book Analytical Chemistry of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Milton L. Lee and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Kazuichi Hayakawa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-05 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Nitropolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (NPAHs) contamination in the context of environmental pollution in Asia. It is comprised of the following sections: 1. Fundamental Chemistry and General Characteristics; 2. Analytical Methods; 3. Emission Source and Atmospheric Behavior; 4. Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and PM2.5; 5. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Marine Environments; 6. Metabolic Activation/Toxicities; and 7. Environmental Standards and Guidelines. This volume concentrates on the Far East due to the massive consumption of coal and petroleum in China, which has led to considerable levels of air pollution. High concentration of atmospheric PM2.5 in Beijing have been reported since January 2013 and exposure to such high concentrations may cause respiratory, cardiac and lung diseases. Gathering contributions from international experts, this volume provides a valuable reference guide for global researchers and students interested in learning from the East Asian experience.

Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Guilherme C. Bandeira and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are high molecular weight, aromatic compounds containing two or more benzene rings joined together in different ways. They belong to a group of persistent organic pollutants (POPs); are resistant to degradation; and can remain in the environment for long periods with the potential to cause adverse environmental and health effects. This book discusses the chemistry, occurrence and health issues related to PAHs. Topics include PAHs in foods and herbal medicines; biomonitoring of PAHs by pine needles; thermodynamics and phase behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons mixtures; occurrence of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons in cephalopods; children environmentally exposed to PAHs and at risk of genotoxic effects; analysis of PAHs in environmental solid samples; the chemical and electronic properties of PAHs; and the determination of PAHs in drinking water sources.

Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Ronald G. Harvey and published by VCH Publishers. This book was released on 1997 with total page 667 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A resurgence of interest in the chemistry of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been stimulated by the discovery of the fullerenes and the identification of the active metabolites of the carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons. PAHs are widespread environmental pollutants. Improved understanding of their mechanisms of carcinogenesis has important implications for human cancer. PAHs also are finding increasing application in the synthesis of dyes, drugs, and numerous other types of compounds. This volume is a timely, comprehensive survey of the chemistry of PAHs. It brings together in a single volume all essential information on the physical and spectral properties, methods of synthesis, chemical reactions, and molecular structures of a broad range of polyarenes, both alternant and nonalternant. A total of 358 ring systems are covered, 233 of which are nonalternant PAH compounds. This is the most complete account of the chemistry of PAHs currently available.

Download or read book Handbook of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Analytical and Spectral Data for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Benzo a pyrene and its metabolites written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Novel Developments on the Extraction and Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmental Samples written by Walter B. Wilson and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Additional work related to the development of methodology for the analysis of PAHs has been reported in the following publications: H. Wang, W.B. Wilson and A.D. Campiglia*, Using gold nanoparticles to improve the recovery and the limits of detection for the analysis of monohydroxy-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, J. Chromatogr. A. 2009, 1216, 5793-5799. H. Wang, G. Knobel, W.B. Wilson, K. Calimag-Williams and A.D. Campiglia*, Gold nanoparticles deposited capillaries for in-capillary microextraction capillary zone electrophoresis of monohydroxy-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Electrophoresis, 2011, 32, 720-727. A.A. Costa, W.B. Wilson, H. Wang, A.D. Campiglia*, J.A. Dias and S.C.L. Dias, Comparison of BEA, USY and ZSM-5 for the quantitative extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water samples, Micro. Meso. Mater. 2012, 149, 186-192. W.B. Wilson, A.A. Costa, H. Wang, J.A. Dias, S.C.L. Dias and A.D. Campiglia, Analytical evaluation of BEA zeolite for the pre-concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their subsequent chromatographic analysis in water samples, Anal. Chim. Acta 2012, 733, 103-109. W.B. Wilson, E.C. Heider, A.D. Campiglia, and F. Barbosa, Low-temperature multidimensional luminescence spectroscopy for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic compounds, Current Topics in Anal. Chem. 2012, 9, 1-23. W.B. Wilson, A.A. Costa, H. Wang, J.A. Dias, S.C.L. Dias and A.D. Campiglia*, Pre-concentration of water samples via BEA zeolites for the direct determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with laser-excited time-resolved Shpol'skii spectroscopy, Microchem. J. 2013, 110, 246-255.

Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1983-01-01 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Heterogeneous Samples written by Chanan Sluszny and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Alf Bjørseth and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chemical Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds written by Tuan Vo-Dinh and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1989-05-10 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycyclic aromatic compounds represent the largest class of suspected chemical carcinogens. This volume reviews established and new techniques for analysis of PAC's, including both homocyclic and heterocyclic species, and PAC mixtures. Presented are the latest experimental procedures, along with new developments in instrumentation. Topics covered include photoionization spectroscopy, photothermal spectroscopy, and immunoadsorbant techniques.