Download or read book Novel Genes of the Plant Defense Response Pathway in Arabidopsis Thaliana written by Debra Nicole Rate and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular and Genetic Analysis of NIMI dependent and Independent Induced Defense Response Pathways in Arabidopsis Thaliana written by Han Suk Kim and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanisms of Plant Defense Responses written by European Foundation for Plant Pathology. Conference and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1993 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of papers that give a comprehensive description of the major areas of research on the interactions between plants and their pathogens. State-of-the-art knowledge about research on microbial avirulence genes and plant resistance genes, about pathogenicity factors and signals for establishment of infection, about elicitors and intermediates in the signalling pathway, and about the genes involved in plant responses to pathogens and environmental stress is reviewed. The different topics covered show that modern tools of plant cellular and molecular biology are now available to investigate very significant models of plant-pathogen interactions and to identify the molecular determinants of the two partners that trigger defence responses, the signals involved and the mechanism of their transduction, the spatial and temporal regulation of defence gene expression in relation to the spread or localization of the pathogen. The first trials to exploit these results for enhancing plant resistance and crop field by biotechnology are presented. The book is a main reference source for research scientists and advanced students.
Download or read book Characterisation of AtPNP A A Novel Arabidopsis Thaliana Gene with a Role in Water and Salt Homeostasis written by Rene Bastian and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant natriuretic peptides (PNPs) are a novel class of extracellular, systemically mobile molecules that elicit a number of plant responses important in homeostasis and growth. Natriuretic peptides were first identified in vertebrates where they play a role in the regulation of salt and water balance. Subsequent experimental investigations have identified the presence of a natriuretic peptide hormone system in plants. While PNPs have been implicated in various physiological responses such as stomatal guard cell movements and regulation of net water uptake, its biological role has remained elusive. Here we have used co-expression and promoter content analysis tools to understand the biological role of the Arabidopsis thaliana PNP (AtPNP-A). The analysis of AtPNP-A and its co-expressed genes revealed that genes annotated as part of the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) pathway were over-represented, thus suggesting that AtPNP-A may function as a component of plant defense responses and specifically, SAR. The results further show that AtPNP-A shares many characteristics with pathogenesis related (PR) proteins in that its transcription is strongly induced in response to pathogen challenges, thus implying a newly described role for AtPNP-A in pathogen attack
Download or read book Cucumber Mosaic Virus written by Peter Palukaitis and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular and Genetic Analyses of NIM1 NPR1 independent Defense Responses in Arabidopsis Thaliana written by Cristiana Argueso and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biochemical Plant Pathology written by J. A. Callow and published by . This book was released on 1983-01-01 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Jasmonate Signaling written by Alain Goossens and published by Humana. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is now well established that jasmonates, originally identified as the major component of jasmine scent, play a universal role in the plant kingdom and are involved in the regulation of diverse aspects of plant biology, including growth, development, metabolism, and interaction with the environment. In Jasmonate Signaling: Methods and Protocols, experts in the field aim to unite powerful emerging omics platforms with a number of key reductionist approaches to form a comprehensive collection of tools and protocols. The detailed chapters in this book embrace physiological, environmental, molecular, omics, and bioinformatics approaches that allow dissecting jasmonate actions in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana or in other plants. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters feature introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, along with tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Jasmonate Signaling: Methods and Protocols will empower interested researchers to dissect all steps of jasmonate signaling and the processes they modulate.
Download or read book Molecular and Genetic Analysis of NIM1 dependent and Independent Induced Defense Response Pathways in Arabidopsis Thaliana written by Han Suk Kim and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the genetic screen, I identified five s & barbelow;uppressors o & barbelow;f n & barbelow;im1-1 (son) mutants that displayed varying levels of resistance to P. parasitica. The most resistant suppressor mutant, son1, did not induce any known SAR-defense related gene. I chose son1 for further molecular and genetic characterizations. Map-based cloning of SON1 revealed that it encodes a novel protein with an F-box motif, which has been associated with the SCF ubiquitin ligase complex involved in the ubiquitin-proteosome pathway.
Download or read book Ecological Genomics written by Christian R. Landry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-25 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers in the field of ecological genomics aim to determine how a genome or a population of genomes interacts with its environment across ecological and evolutionary timescales. Ecological genomics is trans-disciplinary by nature. Ecologists have turned to genomics to be able to elucidate the mechanistic bases of the biodiversity their research tries to understand. Genomicists have turned to ecology in order to better explain the functional cellular and molecular variation they observed in their model organisms. We provide an advanced-level book that covers this recent research and proposes future development for this field. A synthesis of the field of ecological genomics emerges from this volume. Ecological Genomics covers a wide array of organisms (microbes, plants and animals) in order to be able to identify central concepts that motivate and derive from recent investigations in different branches of the tree of life. Ecological Genomics covers 3 fields of research that have most benefited from the recent technological and conceptual developments in the field of ecological genomics: the study of life-history evolution and its impact of genome architectures; the study of the genomic bases of phenotypic plasticity and the study of the genomic bases of adaptation and speciation.
Download or read book Plant Proteases written by Mercedes Diaz-Mendoza and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-24 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant proteases are involved in most aspects of plant physiology and development, playing key roles in the generation of signaling molecules and as regulators of essential cellular processes such as cell division and metabolism. They take part in important pathways like protein turnover by the degradation of misfolded proteins and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and they are responsible for post-translational modifications of proteins by proteolysis at highly specific sites. Proteases are also implicated in a great variety of environmentally controlled processes, including mobilization of storage proteins during seed germination, development of seedlings, senescence, programmed cell death and defense mechanisms against pests and pathogens. However, in spite of their importance, little is known about the functions and mode of actions of specific plant proteases. This Research Topic collects contributions covering diverse aspects of plant proteases research.
Download or read book Genes Involved in Plant Defense written by Thomas Boller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many fungi and bacteria that associate with plants are potentially harmful and can cause disease, while others enter into mutually beneficial sym bioses. Co-evolution of plants with pathogenic and symbiotic microbes has lead to refined mechanisms of reciprocal recognition, defense and counter defense. Genes in both partners determine and regulate these mechanisms. A detailed understanding of these genes provides basic biological insights as well as a starting point for developing novel methods of crop protection against pathogens. This volume deals with defense-related genes of plants and their regulation as well as with the genes of microbes involved in their interaction with plants. Our discussion begins at the level of populations and addresses the complex interaction of plant and microbial genes in multigenic disease resistance and its significance for crop protection as compared to mono genic resistance (Chap. 1). Although monogenic disease resistance may have its problems in the practice of crop protection, it is appealing to the experimentalist: in the so-called gene-for-gene systems, single genes in the plant and in the pathogen specify the compatibility or incompatibility of an interaction providing an ideal experimental system for studying events at the molecular level (Chaps. 2 and 4). Good progress has been made in identifying viral, bacterial, and fungal genes important in virulence and host range (Chaps. 3-6). An important aspect of plant-microbe interactions is the exchange of chemical signals. Microbes can respond to chemical signals of plant origin.
Download or read book The Fungal Spore and Disease Initiation in Plants and Animals written by G.T. Cole and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This treatise is focused on early aspects of fungal pathogenesis in plant and animal hosts. Our aim in choosing the topics and contributors was to demonstrate common approaches to studies of fungal-plant and fungal-animal interactions, particularly at the biochemical and molecular Ievels. For example, the initial events of adh«sion of fungal spores to the exposed surface tissues of the host are essential for subsequent invasion of the plant or animal and establishment of pathogenesis. A point of consensus among investigators who have directed their attention to such events in plants, insects, and vertebrates isthat spore adhesion to the host cuticle or epithelium is more than a simple binding event. lt is a complex and potentially pivotal process in fungal-plant interactions which "may involve the secretion of ftuids that prepare the infection court for the development of morphological stages of the germling" and subsequent invasion of the host (Nicholson and Epstein, Chapter 1). The attachment of the fungal propagule to the arthropod cuticle is also "mediated by the chemical components present on the outer layer of the spore wall and the epicuticle . . . . Initial attachment may be reinforced further by either the active secretion of adhesive materials or the modification of spore wall materiallocated at the [fungal spore arthropod] cuticle interface (Boucias and Pendland, Chapter 5).
Download or read book Pattern of Expression of the F8A24 12 Gene from Arabidopsis Thaliana which Encodes a NAK Ser thr Protein Kinase and Functional Analysis of the SuORF Present in Its 5 UTR written by Frédéric Piot and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To overcome stresses such as osmotic shock and pathogen attack, internal signals activate plant defense responses. The F8A24.12 gene from Arabidopsis thaliana encodes the serine/threonine protein kinase with the highest similarity at the structural and functional level to a salt-stress induced gene, Esi47, from the salt tolerant wheatgrass Lophopyrum elongatum . Both genes have a small upstream open reading frame (suORF) in their 5 ' untranslated region (5 ' UTR). This element was previously shown to have a regulatory function in the Esi47 gene. Northern blot analysis revealed that under salt stress both genes have an increased level of transcription. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants were produced carrying reporter gene encoding the enzyme?-glucuronidase (GUS) under the control of the F8A24.12 promoter and 5 ' UTR. GUS histochemical assays revealed that F8A24.12 gene expression occurs throughout the life of the plant, particularly in the root elongation zone, in the vascular tissues of roots and leaves, in the flower and in the petal and sepal abscission zone. GUS fluorometric assays demonstrated that the quantity of GUS protein is induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment after 12, 24 and 36 hrs and by salt stress after 24 hrs treatment. These data suggest that the F8A24.12 gene is part of the jasmonic acid signaling pathway. This phytohormone is related to the plant growth and plant defense responses. GUS fluorometric assays were also performed on transgenic Arabidopsis carrying an altered suORF promoter-GUS fusion. Mutation of the suORF obliterated the MeJA and salt responsiveness of the F8A24.12 gene promoter plus 5 ' UTR transgene.
Download or read book Current Trends in Plant Disease Diagnostics and Management Practices written by Pradeep Kumar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-28 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant diseases play an important role on our daily lives. Most of plant diseases are visible and are caused by biotic and/or abiotic factors. Symptoms are usually the results of a morphological change, alteration or damage to plant tissue and/or cells due to an interference of the plant’s metabolism. All basic structures of vascular plants are subject to attack by pathogens. The failure in accurate disease diagnosis and management may lead to huge losses in plant production and related commodities, which causes nutritional food scarcity. Typically, the appearance of a biotic symptom will indicate the relatively late stage of an infection and/or colonization of a pathogen. Expert detection, accurate diagnosis, and timely management play a significant role in keeping plants free from pathogens. In this book expert scholars share their research knowledge and key literature which are vital toward the diagnosis of plant diseases across the globe, addressing traditional plant pathology techniques, as well as advanced molecular diagnostic approach.
Download or read book Activation of Arabidopsis Thalianad Defense Response Pathways by Oligogalacturonides and Flagellin written by Carine Denoux and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pathogen attacks are perceived in Arabidopsis thaliana through recognition of pathogen- or microbe- associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs). Although the study of various elicitors has revealed significant overlaps in defense response, the degrees of similarity/difference between MAMPs are not well defined. Oligogalacturonides (OGs), plant cell wall-derived elicitors, induce a wide range of defenses responses. Transcript profiling of Arabidopsis seedlings treated with OGs indicates that the response to OGs involves a transient response in the regulation of many genes. Among the genes, two cytochrome P450s, CYP81F2 and CYP82C3, are significantly induced shortly after OGs treatment. Monitoring the expression of these genes in a variety of defense-related mutants suggests that their rapid induction, mediated by OGs is independent of SA, JA, or Et signaling pathways. These reporter genes are also highly expressed in response to other MAMPs, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), flagellin (Flg22), or chitin. Additional transcriptional analysis was carried out with OGs and pathogensynthesized flagellin (Flg22), two very different elicitors. Both triggered a fast and transient response that are similar. This response is characterized by activation of the early stages of multiple defense signaling pathways, particularly JA-associated processes. However, the response to Flg22 is stronger in the number of genes differentially expressed and the amplitude of change. The magnitude of genes induction was in both cases dose-dependent, but, even at very high concentrations, OGs did not induce as many genes as Flg22. Moreover, activation of senescence processes, SA-dependent secretory pathway genes, and PR1 expression was only observed with Flg22 elicitation. These results suggest a lower threshold for activation of early responses than for sustained late innate immune defenses. Induction of the Arabidopsis CYP81F2 gene is part of the early induced response to elicitors (OGs and Flg22). CYP81F2 gene expression is independent of the SA-, JAand Et-signaling pathways. CYP81F2 seems to catalyze the 4 methoxylation of indolic glucosinolates, which is required for callose formation in response to Flg22.
Download or read book Roles of Defense Genes in Compatible Host virus Interactions written by Zhonglian Huang and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Positive-stranded RNA viruses elicit the expression of common sets of genes in susceptible Arabidopsis thaliana plants. About one-third of the genes induced in common by these viruses can be associated with plant defense and stress responses. I wanted to know if the expression of defense-related genes in compatible host-virus interactions is regulated through signaling pathways that normally control plant defense responses and if these responses play a role in basal defenses in Arabidopsis against compatible viruses. To answer these questions, pad4-1, eds5-1, NahG, npr1-1, jar1-1, ein2-1, and wild type Columbia-0 plants were infected with two different viruses, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and oilseed rape virus (ORMV). Accumulation of these viruses suggested that mutants were not more susceptible than wild type plants. Gene expression was assayed using a high-throughput fiber-optic bead array consisting of 388 genes. Analysis of the bead array data clearly indicated that expression of many defense-related genes is induced by a SA-dependent, NPR1-independent signaling pathway. These conclusions were confirmed by Northern blots probed with labeled DNA fragments corresponding to the beta-1, 3 glucanase 2 (BGL2) and PR5-like genes. These genes were induced at 2 and 5 days after inoculation in Columbia-0, ein2-1, jar1-1, and npr1-1; however, their expression was reduced in pad4-1 and abolished in NahG transgenic plants. To further investigate these results, another collection of mutants including sid2-1 and eds1-1 were tested with CMV and ORMV. Analysis of sid2-1 confirmed the requirement for SA, since these plants do not accumulate SA and defense-related gene expression was nearly abolished. In addition, EDS1, which is upstream of SA in defense-related signaling pathways, was required for the expression of these genes. As with the first set of mutants, accumulation of the viruses was not greater in the mutants than in wild type plants. My experimental results indicated that expression of many defense-related genes in compatible host plants might share a common signaling pathway with incompatible host-virus interactions but their increased expression has no negative effect on viral infection. Experiments were begun to investigate the roles of other host genes in host-virus interactions.
