Download or read book Novel CdTe Cell Fabrication Process with Potential for Low Cost and High Throughput written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are several production disadvantages inherent in the conventional SnO(2)/CdS/CdTe manufacturing processes. In this paper, we report a novel manufacturing process for fabrication of polycrystalline Cd(2)SnO(4)/Zn(2)/SnO(4)/CdS/CdTe thin-film solar cells that yielded a CdS/CdTe device with an NREL-confirmed efficiency of 14.0%.

Download or read book Approaches to Fabricating High efficiency Ultra thin CdTe Solar Cells written by Wei Xia and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This thesis is an investigation of the fabrication, characterization and performance of high-efficiency and ultra-thin CdTe solar cells with an aim of reducing the material usage and cell manufacturing cost. Several approaches have been successfully carried out to directly or indirectly improve the device performance. Major achievements are listed below: 1) A close-spaced sublimation (CSS) process with an improved control of the deposition temperature-time profile was developed to fabricate high-quality ultra-thin CdTe films. Three key factors in the CSS process including oxygen pressure, substrate temperature and thermal etch duration were optimized. 2) A two-stage post-deposition treatment including a high temperature annealing (HTA) followed by a vaporous cadmium chloride treatment (VCC) was developed and optimized for the growth of high-quality CdTe films. The effects of HTA and VCC on ultra-thin CdTe solar cells were revealed by a combination of characterization techniques, including photoluminescence. 3) In a collaborative effort two new back contact buffers, MoOx and Te/Cu, were identified and applied in ultra-thin CdTe solar cells. Substitution of a conventional acid etching method with the new back contact buffers was found to enhance the cell efficiency from ~10% to ~13.5%. Moreover, the new buffers improved the reproducibility of cell fabrication. A low-resistance electrical back contact based on the Te/Cu buffer and Ni as electrode was developed. A thermal activation process was found necessary to promote ohmic contact formation. Cu diffusion into the Te layer and CdTe bulk layer occurred during the thermal activation process and must be controlled to prevent excessive diffusion into the CdS/CdTe junction. The effects of Cu concentration and Te thickness on device performance and cell stability were systematically investigated and a cell efficiency as high as ~15% with good stability has been achieved using an optimized Te/Cu buffer. 4) A novel vaporous zinc chloride treatment was developed for the formation of Cd1xZnxS from CdS films. Compared with conventional fabrication methods, the VZC method features simple setup and operation and is capable of producing Cd1xZnxS films with a homogenous structure. The Zn to Cd doping ratio in Cd1−xZnxS can be easily controlled by adjusting the process parameters. By replacing CdS with a more transparent Cd1−xZnxS as the window layer, CdTe solar cells with a higher (12-14%) short-circuit current, Jsc, have been demonstrated"--Page v-vi.

Download or read book Hechenbleikner Louis written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The folder may include clippings, announcements, small exhibition catalogs, and other ephemeral items.

Download or read book Advanced Concepts in Photovoltaics written by Arthur J. Nozik and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2014-07-10 with total page 631 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photovoltaic systems enable the sun’s energy to be converted directly into electricity using semiconductor solar cells. The ultimate goal of photovoltaic research and development is to reduce the cost of solar power to reach or even become lower than the cost of electricity generated from fossil and nuclear fuels. The power conversion efficiency and the cost per unit area of the phototvoltaic system are critical factors that determine the cost of photovoltaic electricity. Until recently, the power conversion efficiency of single-junction photovoltaic cells has been limited to approximately 33% - the so-called Shockley-Queisser limit. This book presents the latest developments in photovoltaics which seek to either reach or surpass the Shockley-Queisser limit, and to lower the cell cost per unit area. Progress toward this ultimate goal is presented for the three generations of photovoltaic cells: the 1st generation based on crystalline silicon semiconductors; the 2nd generation based on thin film silicon, compound semiconductors, amorphous silicon, and various mesoscopic structures; and the 3rd generation based on the unique properties of nanoscale materials, new inorganic and organic photoconversion materials, highly efficient multi-junction cells with low cost solar concentration, and novel photovoltaic processes. The extent to which photovoltaic materials and processes can meet the expectations of efficient and cost effective solar energy conversion to electricity is discussed. Written by an international team of expert contributors, and with researchers in academia, national research laboratories, and industry in mind, this book is a comprehensive guide to recent progress in photovoltaics and essential for any library or laboratory in the field.

Download or read book Sixteenth European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference written by H. Scheer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-11-25 with total page 3235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conferences are dedicated to accelerating the impetus towards sustainable development of global PV markets. The 16th in the series, held in Glasgow UK, brought together more than 1500 delegates from 72 countries, and provided an important and vital forum for information exchange in the field. The Conference Proceedings place on record a new phase of market development and scientific endeavour in the PV industry, representing current and innovative thinking in all aspects of the science, technology, markets and business of photovoltaics. In three volumes, the Proceedings present some 790 papers selected for presentation by the scientific review committee of the 16th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference. The comprehensive range of topics covered comprise: * Fundamentals, Novel Devices and New Materials * Thin Film Cells and Technologies * Space Cells and Systems * Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Technologies * PV Integration in Buildings * PV Modules and Components of PV Systems * Implementation, Strategies, National Programs and Financing Schemes * Market Deployment in Developing Countries These proceedings are an essential reference for all involved in the global PV industry- scientists, researchers, technologists and those with an interest in global market trends. The conference was organised by WIP-Renewable Energies, Munich, Germany.

Download or read book High Efficiency CdTe and CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin-film photovoltaic (PV) modules of CdTe and Cu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGS) have the potential to reach cost-effective PV-generated electricity. These technologies have transitioned from the laboratory to the market place. Pilot production and first-time manufacturing are ramping up to higher capacity and enjoying a flood of venture-capital funding. CIGS solar cells and modules have achieved 19.5% and 13% efficiencies, respectively. Likewise, CdTe cells and modules have reached 16.5% and 10.2% efficiencies, respectively. Even higher efficiencies from the laboratory and from the manufacturing line are only a matter of time. Manufacturing-line yield continues to improve and is surpassing 85%. Long-term stability has been demonstrated for both technologies; however, some failures in the field have also been observed, emphasizing the critical need for understanding degradation mechanisms and packaging options. The long-term potential of the two technologies require R & D emphasis on science and engineering-based challenges to find solutions to achieve targeted cost-effective module performance, and in-field durability. Some of the challenges are common to both, e.g., in-situ process control and diagnostics, thinner absorber, understanding degradation mechanisms, protection from water vapor, and innovation in high-speed processing and module design. Other topics are specific to the technology, such as lower-cost and fast-deposition processes for CIGS, and improved back contact and voltage for CdTe devices.

Download or read book A Novel Manufacturing Process for Fabricating Cds CdTe Polycrystalline Thin film Solar Cells written by Xuanzhi Wu and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book High Efficiency CdTe and CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells written by Rommel Noufi and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fabrication of a Prototype Low cost CdS CdTe Heterojunction Solar Cell Using a Novel Spraying Technique written by Petros Petrou and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Processing and Characterization of High Efficiency CdS CdTe Thin Film Solar Cells on Low Cost Substrates written by Bhaskar Reddy Tetali and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Solar Cells and Modules written by Arvind Shah and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-16 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a comprehensive introduction to the field of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells and modules. In thirteen chapters, it addresses a wide range of topics including the spectrum of light received by PV devices, the basic functioning of a solar cell, and the physical factors limiting the efficiency of solar cells. It places particular emphasis on crystalline silicon solar cells and modules, which constitute today more than 90 % of all modules sold worldwide. Describing in great detail both the manufacturing process and resulting module performance, the book also touches on the newest developments in this sector, such as Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCON) and heterojunction modules, while dedicating a major chapter to general questions of module design and fabrication. Overall, it presents the essential theoretical and practical concepts of PV solar cells and modules in an easy-to-understand manner and discusses current challenges facing the global research and development community.

Download or read book A Novel Manufacturing Process for Fabricating CdS written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are several production disadvantages inherent in conventional SnO2/CdS/CdTe manufacturing processes. In this paper, the authors report a novel manufacturing process for fabricating polycrystalline Cd2SnO4/Zn2SnO4/CdS/CdTe thin-film solar cells that yielded a CdS/CdTe device with an NREL-confirmed efficiency of 14.0%. This process addresses undesirable manufacturing issues such as time-consuming and expensive heat-up and cool-down processes and generation of large amounts of liquid waste. CdTe cells prepared by this process have good performance, good uniformity, acceptable device stability, and excellent reproducibility.

Download or read book Recent Advances in Thin Film Photovoltaics written by Udai P. Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-09-02 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides recent development in thin-film solar cells (TFSC). TFSC have proven the promising approach for terrestrial and space photovoltaics. TFSC have the potential to change the device design and produce high efficiency devices on rigid/flexible substrates with significantly low manufacturing cost. TFSC have several advantages in manufacturing compared to traditional crystalline Si-solar cells like less requirement of materials, can be prepared with earth’s abundant materials, less processing steps, easy to dispose, etc. Several universities/research institutes/industry in India and abroad are involved in the research area of thin-film solar cells. The book helps the readers to find the details about different thin-film technologies and its advancement at one place. Each chapter covers properties of materials, its suitability for PV applications, simple manufacturing processes and recent and past literature survey. The issues related to the development of high efficiency TFSC devices over large area and its commercial and future prospects are discussed.

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.

Download or read book Close Spaced Sublimation CSS A Low Cost High Yield Deposition System for Cadmium Telluride CdTe Thin Film Solar Cells written by Nowshad Amin and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiconductors are the key materials in many of our modern day devices, such as sensors, integrated circuits, energy harvesting devices, optoelectronics and so on. However, apart from two known elemental semiconductors that are silicon and germanium, we have been using many of the synthesized ones since the microelectronic revolution known as invention of transistor. Numerous compound semiconductors since then have been synthesized, grown, deposited or simply fabricated by numerous processes in the scientific community. To avoid associated chemical disposals or keep safe from toxic or combustible gas usages in any semiconductor fabrication facilities, many researchers choose physical vapor deposition as the simplest method. One of such processes is called Close-Spaced Sublimation (CSS), which is a kind of thermal evaporation by nature. This chapter would give a comprehensive outline on CSS as one of the most advantageous semiconductor deposition processes for many compound semiconductors having relatively low evaporation temperature. Cadmium telluride (CdTe) is one of the examples utilized for solar cell absorber materials since the early 1980s using CSS technique. Therefore, growth of CdTe thin films by CSS and its utilization in thin film solar cells will be discussed to comprehend the ultimate benefits of the close-spaced sublimation (CSS) process.

Download or read book Recent Advances in Photovoltaics written by Meera Ramrakhiani and published by Materials Research Forum LLC. This book was released on 2017-10-01 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ever growing demand for clean energy potentially can be met by solar-to-electrical energy conversion. This book on “Recent Advances in Photovoltaics” presents a detailed overview of recent research and developments in the field of photovoltaics and solar cells. It starts with the basic theory and gradual progress in the field of photovoltaics and various generations of solar cells. The search for new materials and/or new structures such as multi-junctions, nanostructures, photoelectrochemical cells, organic solar cells etc. for improved performance is discussed. The experimental investigations on certain materials and modelling for better results are also described in the book. Photovoltaics, Solar Cells, Multi-Junctions Solar Cells, Nanostructured Solar Cells, Photoelectrochemical Solar Cells, Organic Solar Cells, Polymer Solar Cells

Download or read book Solar Energy written by Rob Botwright and published by Rob Botwright. This book was released on 101-01-01 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 🌞 Welcome to "Solar Energy: Sun Power Unleashed" 🌞 Unlock the power of the sun with our comprehensive book bundle! Whether you're a beginner eager to dip your toes into the world of solar energy or a seasoned professional looking to stay ahead of the curve, this bundle has something for everyone. 📚 Book 1: Solar Energy Essentials 📚 Embark on your solar journey with our Beginner's Guide to Harnessing the Sun's Power. Learn the foundational principles of solar energy, from photovoltaic technology to system selection and installation. It's the perfect starting point for those ready to embrace renewable energy. 🛠️ Book 2: DIY Solar Projects 🛠️ Take control of your energy future with Practical Tips and Techniques for Homeowners. From solar panel installation to off-grid solutions, this book empowers you to undertake your own solar projects, saving money and reducing your carbon footprint. 🔬 Book 3: Advanced Solar Technologies 🔬 Dive into the cutting-edge advancements driving solar innovation. Explore the latest technologies and techniques for optimizing efficiency and performance, and discover how you can stay at the forefront of the solar revolution. 💼 Book 4: Solar Energy Economics and Policy 💼 Navigate the future of renewable energy with insights into the economic and policy considerations shaping the industry. From investment strategies to regulatory frameworks, this book equips you to make informed decisions in a rapidly evolving landscape. With "Solar Energy: Sun Power Unleashed," you'll gain the knowledge and skills needed to harness the sun's energy like never before. Join us in shaping a brighter, cleaner future powered by renewable energy. Order your bundle today and unleash the power of the sun! ☀️📘