Download or read book Novel Aspects of the Dynamics of Binary Black hole Mergers written by Philipp Mösta and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The inspiral and merger of two black holes is among the most exciting and extreme events in our universe. Being one of the loudest sources of gravitational waves, they provide a unique dynamical probe of strong-field general relativity and a fertile ground for the observation of fundamental physics. While the detection of gravitational waves alone will allow us to observe our universe through an entirely new window, combining the information obtained from both gravitational wave and electro-magnetic observations will allow us to gain even greater insight in some of the most exciting astrophysical phenomena. In addition, binary black-hole mergers serve as an intriguing tool to study the geometry of space-time itself. In this dissertation we study the merger process of binary black-holes in a variety of conditions. Our results show that asymmetries in the curvature distribution on the common apparent horizon are correlated to the linear momentum acquired by the merger remnant. We propose useful tools for the analysis of black holes in the dynamical and isolated horizon frameworks and shed light on how the final merger of apparent horizons proceeds after a common horizon has already formed. We connect mathematical theorems with data obtained from numerical simulations and provide a first glimpse on the behavior of these surfaces in situations not accessible to analytical tools. We study electro-magnetic counterparts of super-massive binary black-hole mergers with fully 3D general relativistic simulations of binary black-holes immersed both in a uniform magnetic field in vacuum and in a tenuous plasma. We find that while a direct detection of merger signatures with current electro-magnetic telescopes is unlikely, secondary emission, either by altering the accretion rate of the circumbinary disk or by synchrotron radiation from accelerated charges, may be detectable. We propose a novel approach to measure the electro-magnetic radiation in these simulations and find a non-collimated emission that dominates over the collimated one appearing in the form of dual jets associated with each of the black holes. Finally, we provide an optimized gravitational wave detection pipeline using phenomenological waveforms for signals from compact binary coalescence and show that by including spin effects in the waveform templates, the detection efficiency is drastically improved as well as the bias on recovered source parameters reduced. On the whole, this dissertation provides evidence that a multi-messenger approach to binary black-hole merger observations provides an exciting prospect to understand these sources and, ultimately, our universe.
Download or read book Dynamics and Evolution of Galactic Nuclei written by David Merritt and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2013-07-21 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deep within galaxies like the Milky Way, astronomers have found a fascinating legacy of Einstein's general theory of relativity: supermassive black holes. Connected to the evolution of the galaxies that contain these black holes, galactic nuclei are the sites of uniquely energetic events, including quasars, stellar tidal disruptions, and the generation of gravitational waves. This textbook is the first comprehensive introduction to dynamical processes occurring in the vicinity of supermassive black holes in their galactic environment. Filling a critical gap, it is an authoritative resource for astrophysics and physics graduate students, and researchers focusing on galactic nuclei, the astrophysics of massive black holes, galactic dynamics, and gravitational wave detection. It is an ideal text for an advanced graduate-level course on galactic nuclei and as supplementary reading in graduate-level courses on high-energy astrophysics and galactic dynamics. David Merritt summarizes the theoretical work of the last three decades on the evolution of galactic nuclei, the formation of massive black holes, and the interaction between black holes and stars. He explores in depth such important topics as observations of galactic nuclei, dynamical models, weighing black holes, motion near supermassive black holes, evolution of nuclei due to gravitational encounters, loss cone theory, and binary supermassive black holes. Self-contained and up-to-date, the textbook includes a summary of the current literature and previously unpublished work by the author. For researchers working on active galactic nuclei, galaxy evolution, and the generation of gravitational waves, this book will be an essential resource.
Download or read book Binary Black Holes in the Inspiral Regime written by Brennan M. Ireland and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Observations of black hole binaries via the emission of gravitational waves are one of the most exciting discoveries in physics in the past 50 years. The most generic black holes in nature are ones with spin, which may be misaligned with the orbital angular momentum of the binary, and also orbital eccentricity. This demands computationally inexpensive and accurate models of spinning binary black holes for hundreds of orbits as the binary inspirals. This dissertation is divided into two projects, both of which focus on binary black holes with spin. In the first project, I construct and present a new global, fully analytic, approximate spacetime which accurately describes the dynamics of nonprecessing, spinning black hole binaries during the inspiral phase of the relativistic merger process. This approximate solution of the vacuum Einstein's equations can be obtained by asymptotically matching perturbed Kerr solutions near the two black holes to a post-Newtonian metric valid far from the two black holes. This metric is then matched to a post-Minkowskian metric even farther out in the wave zone. The procedure of asymptotic matching is generalized to be valid to all times, instead of a small group of initial hypersurfaces discussed in previous works. I then re-examine the asymptotic matching in the case of precession of the spins, allowing for generically spinning black hole binary metrics. This metric is well suited for long term dynamical simulations of spinning black hole binary spacetimes prior to merger, such as studies of circumbinary gas accretion which requires hundreds of binary orbits. In the second project, I present a method for developing and calculating the gravitational waveforms from generically spinning, black hole binaries, with significant orbital eccentricity. I use the Lagrangian formulation of the post Newtonian equations of motion in the harmonic gauge for the generation of precessing, eccentric gravitational wave signatures. The equations of motion describing the black hole binary system are important to our understanding of fundamental relativity, for both the context of supermassive black holes as well as stellar mass systems. If gravitational wave measurements are able to measure a non-negligible eccentricity from the binary, this may point to a unique formation model through relativistic 3-body interactions in dense stellar fields, which will impart occasionally significant eccentricity. This provides insight into the formation history of the binary, and explicitly the last dynamical effect the binary experienced before merging."--Abstract.
Download or read book Protostars and Planets IV written by Vincent Mannings and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 1470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Click here for the online version of this book! This title, out of print in 2008, is now available free of charge, in it's entirety, online through the University of Arizona Press! Both a textbook and a status report for every facet of research into the formation of stars and planets, Protostars and Planets IV brings together 167 authors who report on the most significant advances in the field since the publication of the previous volume in 1993. Protostars and Planets IV reflects improvements in observational techniques and the availability of new facilities such as the Infrared Space Observatory, the refurbished Hubble Space Telescope, and the 10-m Keck telescopes. Advances in computer technology and modeling methods have benefited theoretical studies of molecular clouds, star formation, and jets and disks, while recent analyses of meteorites yield important insights into conditions and processes within our Sun's early protoplanetary disk. The 49 chapters describe context and progress for observational and theoretical studies of the structure, chemistry, and dynamics of molecular clouds; the collapse of cores and the formation of protostars; the formation and properties of young binary stars; the properties of winds, jets, and molecular outflows from young stellar objects; the evolution of circumstellar envelopes and disks; grain growth in disks and the formation of planets; and the properties of the early Solar nebula. Protostars and Planets IV is also the first book to include chapters describing the discoveries of extrasolar planets, brown dwarfs, and Edgeworth-Kuiper Belt objects, and the first to include high-resolution optical and near-infrared images of protoplanetary disks. Protostars and Planets IV is an unsurpassed reference not only for established researchers but also for younger scientists whose imagination and work will lead to tomorrow's discoveries.
Download or read book Black Holes and Relativistic Stars written by Robert M. Wald and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive summary of progress made during the past decade on the theory of black holes and relativistic stars, this collection includes discussion of structure and oscillations of relativistic stars, the use of gravitational radiation detectors, observational evidence for black holes, cosmic censorship, numerical work related to black hole collisions, the internal structure of black holes, black hole thermodynamics, information loss and other issues related to the quantum properties of black holes, and recent developments in the theory of black holes in the context of string theory. Volume contributors: Valeria Ferrari, John L. Friedman, James B. Hartle, Stephen W. Hawking, Gary T. Horowitz, Werner Israel, Roger Penrose, Martin J. Rees, Rafael D. Sorkin, Saul A. Teukolsky, Kip S. Thorne, and Robert M. Wald.
Download or read book Galactic Dynamics written by James Binney and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-10-30 with total page 902 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since it was first published in 1987, Galactic Dynamics has become the most widely used advanced textbook on the structure and dynamics of galaxies and one of the most cited references in astrophysics. Now, in this extensively revised and updated edition, James Binney and Scott Tremaine describe the dramatic recent advances in this subject, making Galactic Dynamics the most authoritative introduction to galactic astrophysics available to advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, and researchers. Every part of the book has been thoroughly overhauled, and many sections have been completely rewritten. Many new topics are covered, including N-body simulation methods, black holes in stellar systems, linear stability and response theory, and galaxy formation in the cosmological context. Binney and Tremaine, two of the world's leading astrophysicists, use the tools of theoretical physics to describe how galaxies and other stellar systems work, succinctly and lucidly explaining theoretical principles and their applications to observational phenomena. They provide readers with an understanding of stellar dynamics at the level needed to reach the frontiers of the subject. This new edition of the classic text is the definitive introduction to the field. ? A complete revision and update of one of the most cited references in astrophysics Provides a comprehensive description of the dynamical structure and evolution of galaxies and other stellar systems Serves as both a graduate textbook and a resource for researchers Includes 20 color illustrations, 205 figures, and more than 200 problems Covers the gravitational N-body problem, hierarchical galaxy formation, galaxy mergers, dark matter, spiral structure, numerical simulations, orbits and chaos, equilibrium and stability of stellar systems, evolution of binary stars and star clusters, and much more Companion volume to Galactic Astronomy, the definitive book on the phenomenology of galaxies and star clusters
Download or read book Handbook of Gravitational Wave Astronomy written by Cosimo Bambi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-02 with total page 1895 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides an updated comprehensive description of gravitational wave astronomy. In the first part, it reviews gravitational wave experiments, from ground and space based laser interferometers to pulsar timing arrays and indirect detection from the cosmic microwave background. In the second part, it discusses a number of astrophysical and cosmological gravitational wave sources, including black holes, neutron stars, possible more exotic objects, and sources in the early Universe. The third part of the book reviews the methods to calculate gravitational waveforms. The fourth and last part of the book covers techniques employed in gravitational wave astronomy data analysis. This book represents both a valuable resource for graduate students and an important reference for researchers in gravitational wave astronomy.
Download or read book Working Toward Solutions in Fluid Dynamics and Astrophysics written by Lydia Patton and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-28 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on continuing the long-standing productive dialogue between physical science and the philosophy of science. Researchers and readers who want to keep up to date on front-line scientific research in fluid mechanics and gravitational wave astrophysics will find timely and well-informed analyses of this scientific research and its philosophical significance. These exciting frontiers of research pose deep scientific problems, and raise key questions in the philosophy of science related to scientific explanation and understanding, theory change and assessment, measurement, interpretation, realism, and modeling. The audience of the book includes philosophers of science, philosophers of mathematics, scientists with philosophical interests, and students in philosophy, history, mathematics, and science. Anyone who is interested in the methods and philosophical questions behind the recent exciting work in physics discussed here will profit from reading this book.
Download or read book The Large Scale Structure of Space Time written by Stephen W. Hawking and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-02-16 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This influential work explores Einstein's General Theory of Relativity and its predictions relating to singularities in space-time.
Download or read book Numerical Relativity written by Thomas W. Baumgarte and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-06-24 with total page 717 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aimed at students and researchers entering the field, this pedagogical introduction to numerical relativity will also interest scientists seeking a broad survey of its challenges and achievements. Assuming only a basic knowledge of classical general relativity, the book develops the mathematical formalism from first principles, and then highlights some of the pioneering simulations involving black holes and neutron stars, gravitational collapse and gravitational waves. The book contains 300 exercises to help readers master new material as it is presented. Numerous illustrations, many in color, assist in visualizing new geometric concepts and highlighting the results of computer simulations. Summary boxes encapsulate some of the most important results for quick reference. Applications covered include calculations of coalescing binary black holes and binary neutron stars, rotating stars, colliding star clusters, gravitational and magnetorotational collapse, critical phenomena, the generation of gravitational waves, and other topics of current physical and astrophysical significance.
Download or read book Compact Binary Merger Simulations in Numerical Relativity written by Francesco Maria Fabbri and published by . This book was released on 2022* with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The era of Gravitational Waves Astronomy was launched after the success of the first observation run of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration and the VIRGO Collaboration. The large laser interferometers incredible achievement prompted the need of extensive studies in the field of compact astrophysical objects, such as Black Holes and Neutron Stars. Today, seven years after this event, the field of study underwent a notable expansion, corroborated by the detection of a signal coming from a Binary Neutron Star merger, together with its electro-magnetic counterpart, and, more recently, by the first detections of signals coming from mixed compact binaries, i.e. Black Hole- Neutron Star binaries. In this thesis work we span our attention across different aspects of compact objects mergers, including the inclusion of new physics into the already performing numerical relativity code BAM and the study of specific systems of compact objects. We first explore the treatment of neutrinos in case of Binary Neutron Star mergers and a tool to identify and further analyze regions containing trapped neutrinos, in the hot remnant of such mergers. Neutrinos, play in fact a key role into the rapid processes that characterize the formation of elements in the dynamical ejecta expelled during these catastrophic events. In the following we explore a variety of configurations of mixed compact binary systems. After the development of the new ID code Elliptica, and the steps taken to verify its accuracy, we make use of its capability to evolve sets of physical system with various properties. Exploring the space of parameters we study different spin configurations and magnitudes of single objects and their effects on the merger dynamics.
Download or read book Physics of Black Holes written by Eleftherios Papantonopoulos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-28 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Black Holes are still considered to be among the most mysterious and fascinating objects in our universe. Awaiting the era of gravitational astronomy, much progress in theoretical modeling and understanding of classical and quantum black holes has already been achieved. The present volume serves as a tutorial, high-level guided tour through the black-hole landscape: information paradox and blackhole thermodynamics, numerical simulations of black-hole formation and collisions, braneworld scenarios and stability of black holes with respect to perturbations are treated in great detail, as is their possible occurrence at the LHC. An outgrowth of a topical and tutorial summer school, this extensive set of carefully edited notes has been set up with the aim of constituting an advanced-level, multi-authored textbook which meets the needs of both postgraduate students and young researchers in the fields of modern cosmology, astrophysics and (quantum) field theory.
Download or read book Black Holes in the Era of Gravitational Wave Astronomy written by Manuel Arca Sedda and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-05-14 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Black Holes in the Era of Gravitational-Wave Astronomy provides a multidisciplinary, up-to-date view of the physics of black holes, along with an exhaustive overview of crucial open questions and recent advancements in the astrophysics of black holes in the wake of incredible advancements made in the last decade. It includes discussions on improvements in theoretical modeling and observational perspectives for black holes of all sizes, along with associated challenges. The book's structure and themes will enable an entwined understanding of black hole physics at all scales, thus avoiding the compartmentalized view that is typical of more specialized manuscripts and reviews.This book is a complete reference for scientists interested in a multidirectional approach to the study of black holes. It provides substantial discussions about the interplay of different types of black holes and gives professionals a heterogeneous and comprehensive overview of the astrophysics of black holes of all masses. - Focuses on recent advances and future perspectives surrounding black holes, providing researchers with a clear view of cutting-edge research - Offers readers a multidisciplinary, fresh view on black holes, discussing and reviewing the most recent advancements in theoretical, numerical and observational techniques put in place to detect black holes - Provides a bridge among different black hole areas, fostering new collaborations among professionals working in different, but intrinsically interconnected fields
Download or read book Electromagnetic Signatures of an Analytical Mini disk Model of Supermassive Binary Black Hole Systems written by Kaitlyn Porter and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are thought to be located at the centers of most galactic nuclei. When galaxies merge they form supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) systems and these central SMBHs will also merge at later times, producing gravitational waves (GWs). Galaxy mergers are gas rich environments and there is likely to be matter surrounding the binary system as well as accreting onto the individual black holes. Therefore, SMBHBs are potential sources of electromagnetic (EM) radiation. The EM signatures depend on gas dynamics, orbital dynamics, and radiation processes. The gas dynamics are governed by general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics in a time-dependent spacetime. Numerically solving the magnetohydrodynamic equation for a time-dependent binary spacetime is computationally expensive. Therefore, it is challenging to conduct a full exploration of the parameter space of these systems and the resulting EM signatures. We have developed an analytical accretion disk model for the mini-disks of a binary black hole system and produced images and light curves using a general relativistic ray-tracing code and a superimposed harmonic binary black hole metric. This analytical model greatly reduces the time and computational resources needed to explore these systems, while incorporating some key information from simulations. We present a parameter space exploration of the SMBHB system in which we have studied the dependence of the electromagnetic signatures on the spins of the black holes, their mass ratio, and their accretion rate."--Abstract.
Download or read book General Relativistic Gas Dynamics in the Central Cavity of Binary Black Holes written by Dennis B. Bowen and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Supermassive binary black holes (SMBBHs) represent an excellent candidate for future combined gravitational wave and electromagnetic astrophysics, commonly referred to as multimessenger astrophysics. While much is known about the gravitational wave signal of merging BBHs, little is known about the electromagnetic emission. Modeling the electromagnetic emission coincident with gravitational waves requires simulations of SMBBHs coupled to their astrophysical environment, particularly during the late stages of inspiral and merger. These simulations necessitate a broad range of physics including general relativity, magnetohydrodynamics, and radiation physics. In this Dissertation we present simulations of SMBBHs coupled to their astrophysical environment. We explore, for the first time, the gas dynamics in a relativistic binary black hole (BBH) system in which an accretion disk (a 'mini-disk') orbits each black hole. In addition to studying the structure and dynamics of the mini-disks, we present spectra from ray-tracing calculations of SMBBH accretion including mini-disks. Due to the immense computational burden of these simulations (millions of CPU hours per binary orbit), we restrict our study to equal-mass, non-spinning SMBBHs. Relativistic effects alter the dynamics of gas in this environment in several ways. Because the gravitational potential between the two black holes becomes shallower than in the Newtonian regime, the mini-disks stretch toward the L1 point and the amount of gas passing back and forth between the mini-disks increases sharply with decreasing binary separation. This \enquote{sloshing} is quasi-periodically modulated at 2 and 2.75 times the binary orbital frequency, corresponding to timescales of hours to days for SMBBHs. In addition, relativistic effects add an azimuthal m = 1 component to the tidally driven spiral waves in the disks that are purely m = 2 in Newtonian gravity; this component becomes dominant when the separation is
Download or read book Numerical Studies of Black Hole neutron Star Binaries written by Francois Foucart and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Black hole-neutron star mergers are extremely energetic events with the potential to generate gravitational waves detectable by ground-based detectors. They can also form massive, hot accretion discs around a remnant black hole, which could power short gamma-ray bursts. Due to the strength of the gravitational interactions around the time of merger, black hole-neutron star binaries can only be studied in a general relativistic framework -- and as we lack analytical solutions to Einstein's equations of general relativity in the case of binary systems, numerical simulations are required to determine their evolution. In this thesis, we study black hole-neutron star binaries using the SpEC code. We show how to efficiently and accurately determine the initial conditions for numerical simulations, and study the influence on the dynamics of black hole-neutron star mergers of both the equation of state of nuclear matter - which is unknown but could be constrained through observations of compact binaries - and the spin of the black hole. We find that the dynamics of mergers is strongly affected by the radius of the star: small stars are harder to disrupt, form lower-mass discs and emit waves longer (and at higher frequency) than large stars. The component of the black hole spin aligned with the orbital angular momentum of the binary also modifies the disk formation process: high spins let the star approach closer to the black hole without plunging into it, subjecting it to stronger tidal forces and making it easier for the star to disrupt and form a massive disk.
Download or read book Jacob Bekenstein The Conservative Revolutionary written by Brink Lars and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2019-09-12 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jacob Bekenstein, an Israeli physicist of the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, planted the seeds of a revolution of our understanding of space-time. Using conservative intuitive methods including time-old gedanken experiments, he discovered that black holes have thermodynamical properties such as entropy.Moreover, he found that their entropy was not extensive, unlike that of any other thermodynamical system considered before, but rather is proportional to the surface of their horizon. Furthermore, Bekenstein pioneered the study of black holes by focusing on their information content aspects. This led him to obtain bounds of a holographic nature on the amount of information that can be stored in a given region of space-time.This book contains a series of scientific and personal contributions by his contemporaries who recall the struggle against his ideas and then with them: the fate accompanying many revolutionary ideas. This is followed by original scientific contributions by many of the leaders of current research on black hole physics and holography. They have trodden his path and expanded it. The impact of Jacob Bekenstein's visionary ideas is just starting to be understood.
