Download or read book Why Nations Fail written by Daron Acemoglu and published by Currency. This book was released on 2013-09-17 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brilliant and engagingly written, Why Nations Fail answers the question that has stumped the experts for centuries: Why are some nations rich and others poor, divided by wealth and poverty, health and sickness, food and famine? Is it culture, the weather, geography? Perhaps ignorance of what the right policies are? Simply, no. None of these factors is either definitive or destiny. Otherwise, how to explain why Botswana has become one of the fastest growing countries in the world, while other African nations, such as Zimbabwe, the Congo, and Sierra Leone, are mired in poverty and violence? Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson conclusively show that it is man-made political and economic institutions that underlie economic success (or lack of it). Korea, to take just one of their fascinating examples, is a remarkably homogeneous nation, yet the people of North Korea are among the poorest on earth while their brothers and sisters in South Korea are among the richest. The south forged a society that created incentives, rewarded innovation, and allowed everyone to participate in economic opportunities. The economic success thus spurred was sustained because the government became accountable and responsive to citizens and the great mass of people. Sadly, the people of the north have endured decades of famine, political repression, and very different economic institutions—with no end in sight. The differences between the Koreas is due to the politics that created these completely different institutional trajectories. Based on fifteen years of original research Acemoglu and Robinson marshall extraordinary historical evidence from the Roman Empire, the Mayan city-states, medieval Venice, the Soviet Union, Latin America, England, Europe, the United States, and Africa to build a new theory of political economy with great relevance for the big questions of today, including: - China has built an authoritarian growth machine. Will it continue to grow at such high speed and overwhelm the West? - Are America’s best days behind it? Are we moving from a virtuous circle in which efforts by elites to aggrandize power are resisted to a vicious one that enriches and empowers a small minority? - What is the most effective way to help move billions of people from the rut of poverty to prosperity? More philanthropy from the wealthy nations of the West? Or learning the hard-won lessons of Acemoglu and Robinson’s breakthrough ideas on the interplay between inclusive political and economic institutions? Why Nations Fail will change the way you look at—and understand—the world.

Download or read book Category Theory in Context written by Emily Riehl and published by Courier Dover Publications. This book was released on 2017-03-09 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to concepts of category theory — categories, functors, natural transformations, the Yoneda lemma, limits and colimits, adjunctions, monads — revisits a broad range of mathematical examples from the categorical perspective. 2016 edition.

Download or read book Notes on Logic and Set Theory written by P. T. Johnstone and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1987-10-08 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This short textbook provides a succinct introduction to mathematical logic and set theory, which together form the foundations for the rigorous development of mathematics. It will be suitable for all mathematics undergraduates coming to the subject for the first time. The book is based on lectures given at the University of Cambridge and covers the basic concepts of logic: first order logic, consistency, and the completeness theorem, before introducing the reader to the fundamentals of axiomatic set theory. There are also chapters on recursive functions, the axiom of choice, ordinal and cardinal arithmetic and the incompleteness theorems. Dr Johnstone has included numerous exercises designed to illustrate the key elements of the theory and to provide applications of basic logical concepts to other areas of mathematics. Consequently the book, while making an attractive first textbook for those who plan to specialise in logic, will be particularly valuable for mathematics and computer scientists whose primary interests lie elsewhere.

Download or read book Basic Category Theory for Computer Scientists written by Benjamin C. Pierce and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1991-08-07 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basic Category Theory for Computer Scientists provides a straightforward presentation of the basic constructions and terminology of category theory, including limits, functors, natural transformations, adjoints, and cartesian closed categories. Category theory is a branch of pure mathematics that is becoming an increasingly important tool in theoretical computer science, especially in programming language semantics, domain theory, and concurrency, where it is already a standard language of discourse. Assuming a minimum of mathematical preparation, Basic Category Theory for Computer Scientists provides a straightforward presentation of the basic constructions and terminology of category theory, including limits, functors, natural transformations, adjoints, and cartesian closed categories. Four case studies illustrate applications of category theory to programming language design, semantics, and the solution of recursive domain equations. A brief literature survey offers suggestions for further study in more advanced texts. Contents Tutorial • Applications • Further Reading

Download or read book Theory at a Glance written by Karen Glanz and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Probability written by Rick Durrett and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-08-30 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This classic introduction to probability theory for beginning graduate students covers laws of large numbers, central limit theorems, random walks, martingales, Markov chains, ergodic theorems, and Brownian motion. It is a comprehensive treatment concentrating on the results that are the most useful for applications. Its philosophy is that the best way to learn probability is to see it in action, so there are 200 examples and 450 problems. The fourth edition begins with a short chapter on measure theory to orient readers new to the subject.

Download or read book Some Notes on Field Theory Albert s Mind and the Status Quo written by JZ Murdock and published by JZ Murdock. This book was released on with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A brief history of Psychology and the Sciences as related to field theory. Also include an article on Synesthesia / Schizophrenia. Less Notes on Albert's Mind, Field Theory and Contextualism Years passed. Man remained ignorant of Man. Psychology was one day, many days, born. Man applied past skills to present whims. Psychology was oriented towards ideas and systems which were additive in nature, these seeming the most secure means of study. Or, was it additive in the sense that cause and effect were just so very apparent, and quite so easy to discuss and observe? Is what is easy always right? It is true that many times the simplest answer is the right answer. However, this very accepted view lead some to feel uneasy and to question the basic concepts as to their dimensionality within the 'context' of their own daily life; and then, came the behavioral mechanisms: it would see that some precepts in the fledgling pseudo-science Psychology, had not held up very well under not even very intense scrutiny. Synesthesia / Schizophrenia In past years the study, control, and understanding of schizophrenia has been greatly hampered by lack of infor¬mation, inappropriate tools (like no computers of sufficient complexity for handling of compilation and dissemination of data), obviously a lack of appropriate software for such research and perhaps most simply, the incorrect approach. Since we must always reconsider, re-evaluate and redirect our attempts at helping the schizophrenic individual, this paper is directed toward this effort at seeing the schizophrenic person through the "filter" of a "normal" condition such as, synesthesia.

Download or read book A Collection of Problems in Illustration of the Principles of Theoretical Mechanics written by William Walton and published by . This book was released on 1842 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Teachers Investigate Their Work written by Allan Feldman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-12-02 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Teachers Investigate Their Work introduces the methods and concepts of action research through examples drawn from studies carried out by teachers. The book is arranged as a handbook with numerous sub-headings for easy reference and fourty-one practical methods and strategies to put into action, some of them flagged as suitable `starters'. Throughout the book, the authors draw on their international practical experience of action research, working in close collaboration with teachers. It is an essential guide for teachers, senior staff and co-ordinators of teacher professional development who are interested in investigating their own practice in order to improve it.

Download or read book Category Theory for Computing Science written by Michael Barr and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A wide coverage of topics in category theory and computer science is developed in this text, including introductory treatments of cartesian closed categories, sketches and elementary categorical model theory, and triples. Over 300 exercises are included.

Download or read book Notes On The Theory Of Choice written by David Kreps and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-05-04 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Professor Kreps presents a first course on the basic models of choice theory that underlie much of economic theory. This course, taught for several years at the Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, gives the student an introduction to the axiomatic method of economic analysis, without placing too heavy a demand on mathematical sophistication.The course begins with the basics of choice and revealed preference theory and then discusses numerical representations of ordinal preference. Models with uncertainty come next: First is von Neumann?Morgenstern utility, and then choice under uncertainty with subjective uncertainty, using the formulation of Anscombe and Aumann, and then sketching the development of Savage's classic theory. Finally, the course delves into a number of special topics, including de Finetti's theorem, modeling choice on a part of a larger problem, dynamic choice, and the empirical evidence against the classic models.

Download or read book Basic Category Theory written by Tom Leinster and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-24 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A short introduction ideal for students learning category theory for the first time.

Download or read book Theory Construction and Model Building Skills written by James Jaccard and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2020-02-06 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book provides young scientists with tools to assist them in the practical aspects of theory construction. We take an informal journey through the cognitive heuristics, tricks of the trade, and ways of thinking that we have found to be useful in developing theories-essentially, conceptualizations-that can advance knowledge in the social sciences. This book is intended to provide the instructor with a useful source for helping students come up with ideas for research and for fine-tuning the resultant theories that emerge from such thinking. An objective of this book is to move toward a needed balance in the emphases given to theory construction and theory testing"--

Download or read book A Modern Approach to Naming Guitar Chords Edition 3 written by Joseph Davis and published by Gatekeeper Press. This book was released on 2022-06-10 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finally—an intuitive, single-source standardization for naming guitar chords in the 21st century! A honing of guitar theory as a subcategory of music theory. Commonsense approach to all things guitar chord, including how to label alternate chord voicings. New concepts, including natural harmonics chords, unison chords, and octaval chords. A massive Instructional Glossary with clear and precise definitions, benefiting both guitarists and music theorists alike. Appendices containing 747 graphical guitar chord boxes and definitions for several guitar tunings: • Standard • Open Major A/E • Open Major G/D • Drop D • Double Drop D • Bruce Palmer Modal “Band of Witches” sample song sheet. Procedures for registering a copyright with the U.S. Copyright Office. Introduction to U.S. copyright law’s fair use doctrine, including a comparison of mechanical and sync licenses. Presented in an easy-to-read, connect-the-dots manner. An absolute must-read for the guitarist wanting to transcribe new sound-creations into guitar chords. The only textbook needed for a Progressive Guitar Theory 105 course. Though geared toward the needs of a seasoned guitarist, this book contains a wealth of information that will benefit anyone, from the casual campfire-strumming enthusiast to avid music theorists looking for a greater understanding of the challenges facing non-sight-reading guitar players. Book Review: "A soup-to-nuts guide for guitarists looking for a comprehensive way to name and notate chords. Music theory and practicality are sometimes at odds. For example, theory dictates that a chord must have three or more notes, but as debut author Davis explains in his introduction, guitarists play two-note formations frequently, which they must then label as chords when transcribing. As one gets deeper into theory, the conflicts can get more complicated in terms of where a “root” note might lay in a chord sequence, or how a chord might fit in a particular scale. Davis seeks to solve that quandary with a practical standard for working guitarists. It’s a complicated task, and this book provides a lot of context for readers to consider, explaining pitch, tuning, scales, and intervals, and even providing information on copyrighting musical works. Along the way, he takes a lot of advanced ideas into account, such as unaltered nonextended chords, unaltered extended chords, suspended nonextended chords, and the like. Chances are that any guitarist who’s attracted by the title of this book already knows enough to follow these theoretical aspects. The author offers a process to make these concepts clearer, [to Gatekeeper: my rewrite attends to the rest of the sentence & the next one] but it’s not a basic, numbered list of steps. Readers with no education in theory may have to read passages several times to put the level of detail into proper perspective [to Gatekeeper: this ends the portion of the Review I "fixed."]. A weekend warrior who’s happy banging out basic G-C-D or E-A-D progressions, for instance, won’t find much use for the theory, but those looking to move forward will find value in the first, basic chapters and the massive appendices, which feature definitions of everything from Travis picking to truss rods. For guitarists who write, the most useful aspect of this book may be the chord guide, which includes voicings for both standard and alternate tunings. A complex manual for guitar players who want to keep learning new things." -- Kirkus Indie Reviews

Download or read book Ettore Majorana Notes on Theoretical Physics written by Salvatore Esposito and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-10-31 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HISTORICAL PRELUDE Ettore Majorana's fame solidly rests on testimonies like the following, from the evocative pen of Giuseppe Cocconi. At the request of Edoardo Amaldi, he wrote from CERN (July 18, 1965): "In January 1938, after having just graduated, I was invited, essen tially by you, to come to the Institute of Physics at the University in Rome for six months as a teaching assistant, and once I was there I would have the good fortune of joining Fermi, Bernardini (who had been given a chair at Camerino a few months earlier) and Ageno (he, too, a new graduate), in the research of the products of disintegration of /-L "mesons" (at that time called mesotrons or yukons), which are produced by cosmic rays [ . . . ] "It was actually while I was staying with Fermi in the small laboratory on the second floor, absorbed in our work, with Fermi working with a piece of Wilson's chamber (which would help to reveal mesons at the end of their range) on a lathe and me constructing a jalopy for the illumination of the chamber, using the flash produced by the explosion of an aluminum ribbon short circuited on a battery, that Ettore Majorana came in search of Fermi. I was introduced to him and we exchanged few words. A dark face. And that was it.

Download or read book Computational Learning Theory written by Paul Vitanyi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1995-02-23 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents the proceedings of the Second European Conference on Computational Learning Theory (EuroCOLT '95), held in Barcelona, Spain in March 1995. The book contains full versions of the 28 papers accepted for presentation at the conference as well as three invited papers. All relevant topics in fundamental studies of computational aspects of artificial and natural learning systems and machine learning are covered; in particular artificial and biological neural networks, genetic and evolutionary algorithms, robotics, pattern recognition, inductive logic programming, decision theory, Bayesian/MDL estimation, statistical physics, and cryptography are addressed.

Download or read book The The Theoretical Practical Elements of Music Parts III and IV written by Francesco Galeazzi and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 2012-05-30 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A virtuoso violinist, conductor, composer, and a professor of mathematics and botany, Francesco Galeazzi (1758–1819) firmly believed that musical education should be clear, demonstrable, and practical. In 1791 and 1796, he published the two volumes of his Elementi teorico-practici di musica, a treatise that demonstrated both his thorough grounding in the work of earlier theorists and his own approach to musical study. The first volume gave precise instructions on the violin and how to play it; the second demonstrated his command of other instruments and genres and provided comprehensive introductions to music theory, music history, and music aesthetics. The treatise also addresses the nature of compositional process and eighteenth-century concerns about natural and acquired talent and creativity. This volume offers an unprecedented English translation of the second volume of Elementi teorico-practici di musica, with annotations and commentary. The translation is introduced with a study of Galeazzi's life and milieu, the genesis and sources for the Elementi, and its reception through the present day.