Download or read book Note on Proposed Trans desert Railway from Baghdad to Haifa written by A. L. Holt and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Records of Iraq 1914 1966 1928 1930 written by Alan de Lacy Rush and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 872 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Oil and the Great Powers written by Anand Toprani and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-04-04 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of oil is a chapter in the story of Europe's geopolitical decline in the twentieth century. During the era of the two world wars, a lack of oil constrained Britain and Germany from exerting their considerable economic and military power independently. Both nations' efforts to restore the independence they had enjoyed during the Age of Coal backfired by inducing strategic over-extension, which served only to hasten their demise as great powers. Having fought World War I with oil imported from the United States, Britain was determined to avoid relying upon another great power for its energy needs ever again. Even before the Great War had ended, Whitehall implemented a strategy of developing alternative sources of oil under British control. Britain's key supplier would be the Middle East - already a region of vital importance to the British Empire - whose oil potential was still unproven. As it turned out, there was plenty of oil in the Middle East, but Italian hostility after 1935 threatened transit through the Mediterranean. A shortage of tankers ruled out re-routing shipments around Africa, forcing Britain to import oil from US-controlled sources in the Western Hemisphere and depleting its foreign exchange reserves. Even as war loomed in 1939, therefore, Britain's quest for independence from the United States had failed. Germany was in an even worse position than Britain. It could not import oil from overseas in wartime due to the threat of blockade, while accumulating large stockpiles was impossible because of the economic and financial costs. The Third Reich went to war dependent on petroleum synthesized from coal, domestic crude oil, and overland imports, primarily from Romania. German leaders were confident, however, that they had enough oil to fight a series of short campaigns that would deliver to them the mastery of Europe. This plan derailed following the victory over France, when Britain continued to fight. This left Germany responsible for Europe's oil requirements while cut off from world markets. A looming energy crisis in Axis Europe, the absence of strategic alternatives, and ideological imperatives all compelled Germany in June 1941 to invade the Soviet Union and fulfill the Third Reich's ultimate ambition of becoming a world power - a decision that ultimately sealed its fate.

Download or read book Palestine Transjordan written by Naval Intelligence Division and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-28 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 2007. The great interest of this volume is that it predates the establishment of the state of Israel. It is devoted to what was then called Palestine, and to 'Transjordan', the lands east of the river Jordan that now comprise the Kingdom of Jordan. The geographical rather than political approach to the region presented in this handbook is instructive.

Download or read book The Near East written by and published by . This book was released on 1916 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Crown Colonist written by and published by . This book was released on 1931 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book British Imperialism and the Tribal Question written by Robert Fletcher and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: British Imperialism and 'The Tribal Question' reconstructs the history of Britain's presence in the deserts of the interwar Middle East, making the case for its significance to scholars of imperialism and of the region's past. It tells the story of what happened when the British Empire and Bedouin communities met on the desert frontiers between the Mediterranean Sea and the Persian Gulf. It traces the workings of the resulting practices of 'desert administration' from their origins in the wake of one World War to their eclipse after the next, as British officials, Bedouin shaykhs, and nationalist politicians jostled to influence desert affairs. Drawn to the commanding heights of political society in the region's towns and cities, historians have tended to afford frontier 'margins' merely marginal treatment. Instead, this volume combines the study of imperialism, nomads, and the desert itself to reveal the centrality of 'desert administration' to the working of Britain's empire, repositioning neglected frontier areas as nerve centres of imperial activity. British Imperialism and 'The Tribal Question' leads the shift in historians' attentions from the familiar, urban seats of power to the desert 'hinterlands' that have long been obscured.

Download or read book World Events written by and published by . This book was released on 1925 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Hejaz Railway and the Ottoman Empire written by Murat Özyüksel and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2014-10-22 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Railway expansion was symbolic of modernization in the late 19th century, and Britain, Germany and France built railways at enormous speed and reaped great commercial benefits. In the Middle East, railways were no less important and the Ottoman Empire's Hejaz Railway was the first great industrial project of the 20th century. A route running from Damascus to Mecca, it was longer than the line from Berlin to Baghdad and was designed to function as the artery of the Arab world - linking Constantinople to Arabia. Built by German engineers, and instituted by Sultan Abdul Hamid II, the railway was financially crippling for the Ottoman state and the its eventual stoppage 250 miles short of Mecca (the railway ended in Medina) was symbolic of the Ottoman Empire's crumbling economic and diplomatic fortunes. This is the first book in English on the subject, and is essential reading for those interested in Industrial History, Ottoman Studies and the geopolitics of the Middle East before World War I.

Download or read book Index Islamicus written by Wolfgang Behn and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 908 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Passion of Max Von Oppenheim written by Lionel Gossman and published by Open Book Publishers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Born into a prominent German Jewish banking family, Baron Max von Oppenheim (1860-1946) was a keen amateur archaeologist and ethnologist. His discovery and excavation of Tell Halaf in Syria marked an important contribution to knowledge of the ancient Middle East, while his massive study of the Bedouins is still consulted by scholars today. He was also an ardent German patriot, eager to support his country's pursuit of its "place in the sun." Excluded by his part-Jewish ancestry from the regular diplomatic service, Oppenheim earned a reputation as "the Kaiser's spy" because of his intriguing against the British in Cairo, as well as his plan, at the start of the First World War, to incite Muslims under British, French and Russian rule to a jihad against the colonial powers. After 1933, despite being half-Jewish according to the Nuremberg Laws, Oppenheim was not persecuted by the Nazis. In fact, he placed his knowledge of the Middle East and his connections with Muslim leaders at the service of the regime. Ranging widely over many fields - from war studies to archaeology and banking history - 'The Passion of Max von Oppenheim' tells the gripping and at times unsettling story of one part-Jewish man's passion for his country in the face of persistent and, in his later years, genocidal anti-Semitism.

Download or read book Information Notes written by and published by . This book was released on 1944 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Great Britain and the East written by and published by . This book was released on 1916 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Great Britain and the East written by and published by . This book was released on 1940 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Empire Survey Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1931-07 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Flight written by and published by . This book was released on 1927 with total page 1034 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Journal of the American Water Works Association written by American Water Works Association and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 1144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 2012- contain only executive summaries of articles.