Download or read book Northerly Surface Wind Events Over the Eastern North Pacific Ocean written by Stephen V. Taylor and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The climate of the coastal US West coast is characterized by cool, alongshore, northerly wind from the Oregon border to the Southern California Bight, south of Point Conception. New datasets, including surface wind estimates derived from satellite scatterometer and North American Regional Reanalysis fields allow for a more detailed exploration than has heretofore been possible. This thesis examines episodes of enhanced northerly surface wind to determine the spatial and temporal character of the surface wind along and offshore of the California coast and the 3-D structure and seasonality of the atmosphere associated with the wind episodes. A deterministic approach is employed to enhance understanding of fundamental processes rather than improve predictability. The methodology includes diagnostic spatial and temporal analysis and numerical sensitivity experiments. Processes known to affect coastal wind are investigated to gain a better understanding of the role of possible mechanisms driving northerly wind events. It is found that the spatial and temporal structure of wind offshore of California is characterized by episodes of enhance equatorward surface wind that often extend from Cape Mendocino to Hawaii. Wind events typically last four days and are present 20% of the time during January-August. The summer circulation structure associated with wind events is fundamentally different than winter and spring. For instance the surface and upper-air circulation patterns associated with wind events are co-located in winter and 90° out-of-phase in summer. Wind events are nearly always accompanied by a strong trough in the upper-air circulation that is directly above or just east of the coast. The analysis concludes that troughs are a nearly universal forcing mechanism for wind events, while the low-level atmospheric thermal gradient across the coast also plays an important, but less consistent role in wind events. A hypothesis is developed suggesting that southeastward movement of the North Pacific High may be a sufficient forcing mechanism for wind events in summer, but a trough along the coast is a necessary ingredient in winter. Other forcing mechanisms, feedbacks, and processes may also be important in reinforcing the circulation associated with wind events.
Download or read book The Trade Wind Field Over the Pacific Ocean written by Klaus Wyrtki and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dynamics of the Tropical Atmosphere and Oceans written by Peter J. Webster and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-06-08 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a unique and comprehensive view of the fundamental dynamical and thermodynamic principles underlying the large circulations of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system Dynamics of The Tropical Atmosphere and Oceans provides a detailed description of macroscale tropical circulation systems such as the monsoon, the Hadley and Walker Circulations, El Niño, and the tropical ocean warm pool. These macroscale circulations interact with a myriad of higher frequency systems, ranging from convective cloud systems to migrating equatorial waves that attend the low-frequency background flow. Towards understanding and predicting these circulation systems. A comprehensive overview of the dynamics and thermodynamics of large-scale tropical atmosphere and oceans is presented using both a “reductionist” and “holistic” perspectives of the coupled tropical system. The reductionist perspective provides a detailed description of the individual elements of the ocean and atmospheric circulations. The physical nature of each component of the tropical circulation such as the Hadley and Walker circulations, the monsoon, the incursion of extratropical phenomena into the tropics, precipitation distributions, equatorial waves and disturbances described in detail. The holistic perspective provides a physical description of how the collection of the individual components produces the observed tropical weather and climate. How the collective tropical processes determine the tropical circulation and their role in global weather and climate is provided in a series of overlapping theoretical and modelling constructs. The structure of the book follows a graduated framework. Following a detailed description of tropical phenomenology, the reader is introduced to dynamical and thermodynamical constraints that guide the planetary climate and establish a critical role for the tropics. Equatorial wave theory is developed for simple and complex background flows, including the critical role played by moist processes. The manner in which the tropics and the extratropics interact is then described, followed by a discussion of the physics behind the subtropical and near-equatorial precipitation including arid regions. The El Niño phenomena and the monsoon circulations are discussed, including their covariance and predictability. Finally, the changing structure of the tropics is discussed in terms of the extent of the tropical ocean warm pool and its relationship to the intensity of global convection and climate change. Dynamics of the Tropical Atmosphere and Oceans is aimed at advanced undergraduate and early career graduate students. It also serves as an excellent general reference book for scientists interested in tropical circulations and their relationship with the broader climate system.
Download or read book Atmospheric Rivers written by F. Martin Ralph and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-10 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the standard reference based on roughly 20 years of research on atmospheric rivers, emphasizing progress made on key research and applications questions and remaining knowledge gaps. The book presents the history of atmospheric-rivers research, the current state of scientific knowledge, tools, and policy-relevant (science-informed) problems that lend themselves to real-world application of the research—and how the topic fits into larger national and global contexts. This book is written by a global team of authors who have conducted and published the majority of critical research on atmospheric rivers over the past years. The book is intended to benefit practitioners in the fields of meteorology, hydrology and related disciplines, including students as well as senior researchers.
Download or read book Frontiers in Decadal Climate Variability written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-07-22 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many factors contribute to variability in Earth's climate on a range of timescales, from seasons to decades. Natural climate variability arises from two different sources: (1) internal variability from interactions among components of the climate system, for example, between the ocean and the atmosphere, and (2) natural external forcings, such as variations in the amount of radiation from the Sun. External forcings on the climate system also arise from some human activities, such as the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and aerosols. The climate that we experience is a combination of all of these factors. Understanding climate variability on the decadal timescale is important to decision-making. Planners and policy makers want information about decadal variability in order to make decisions in a range of sectors, including for infrastructure, water resources, agriculture, and energy. In September 2015, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to examine variability in Earth's climate on decadal timescales, defined as 10 to 30 years. During the workshop, ocean and climate scientists reviewed the state of the science of decadal climate variability and its relationship to rates of human-caused global warming, and they explored opportunities for improvement in modeling and observations and assessing knowledge gaps. Frontiers in Decadal Climate Variability summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Download or read book The Weather of the Pacific Northwest written by Cliff Mass and published by University of Washington Press. This book was released on 2021-09-12 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Powerful Pacific storms strike the region. Otherworldly lenticular clouds often cap Mount Rainier. Rain shadows create sunny skies while torrential rain falls a few miles away. The Pineapple Express brings tropical moisture and warmth during Northwest winters. The Pacific Northwest produces some of the most distinctive and variable weather in North America, which is described with colorful and evocative language in this book. Atmospheric scientist and blogger Cliff Mass, known for his ability to make complex science readily accessible to all, shares eyewitness accounts, historical episodes, and the latest meteorological knowledge. This updated, extensively illustrated, and expanded new edition features: • A new chapter on the history of wildfires and their impact on air quality • Analysis of recent floods and storms, including the Oso landslide of 2014, the 2016 “Ides of October” windstorm, and the tornado that damaged 250 homes in Port Orchard on the Kitsap Peninsula in 2018 • Fresh insight on local weather phenomena such as “The Blob” • Updates on the latest technological advances used in forecasting • A new chapter on the meteorology of British Columbia Highly readable and packed with useful scientific information, this indispensable guide is a go-to resource for outdoor enthusiasts, boaters, gardeners, and anyone who wants to understand and appreciate the complex and fascinating meteorology of the region.
Download or read book Tropical Ocean atmosphere Newsletter written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Attribution of Extreme Weather Events in the Context of Climate Change written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-07-28 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As climate has warmed over recent years, a new pattern of more frequent and more intense weather events has unfolded across the globe. Climate models simulate such changes in extreme events, and some of the reasons for the changes are well understood. Warming increases the likelihood of extremely hot days and nights, favors increased atmospheric moisture that may result in more frequent heavy rainfall and snowfall, and leads to evaporation that can exacerbate droughts. Even with evidence of these broad trends, scientists cautioned in the past that individual weather events couldn't be attributed to climate change. Now, with advances in understanding the climate science behind extreme events and the science of extreme event attribution, such blanket statements may not be accurate. The relatively young science of extreme event attribution seeks to tease out the influence of human-cause climate change from other factors, such as natural sources of variability like El Niño, as contributors to individual extreme events. Event attribution can answer questions about how much climate change influenced the probability or intensity of a specific type of weather event. As event attribution capabilities improve, they could help inform choices about assessing and managing risk, and in guiding climate adaptation strategies. This report examines the current state of science of extreme weather attribution, and identifies ways to move the science forward to improve attribution capabilities.
Download or read book Summary of the Oceanography and Surface Wind Structure of the Pacific Subarctic Region in Relation to Waste Releases at Sea written by R. J. Callaway and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report outlines the physical oceanography and surface wind structure of the Gulf of Alaska and waters adjacent to the Pacific coast of Alaska.
Download or read book Oceanography of the Northeastern Pacific Ocean and Eastern Bering Sea and Relations to Various Living Marine Resources written by F. Favorite and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book WSR 88D VAD Wind Profile Data Influenced by Bird Migration Over the Southwest United States written by Jesus Haro and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 902 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A 26 Year Time Series of Monthly Mean Winds Over the Oceans Part 1 A Statistical Verification of Computed Surface Winds Over the North Pacific and North Atlantic written by Sigurd Erling Larson and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing interest in long term (inter-annual) weather changes and their relation to processes in the ocean is beginning to illuminate the need for and the lack of long term records of physically significant variables which occur over the vast oceanic regions of the northern hemisphere. An attempt is made here to evaluate the accuracy of a hindcast time series of surface wind vector components and speeds for the period of January 1960 through December 1969. The quasi-geostrophic model used to calculate these records is described as well as the twelve-hourly surface pressure data which were used as input. The central moments of the probability distributions of the computed records are compared to those of corresponding time series observed on Ocean Station Vessels.
Download or read book Climate of Phoenix Arizona written by Robert J. Schmidli and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Resources and the Environment written by Chadwick Dearing Oliver and published by . This book was released on 2018-06-21 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An illustrated overview of the sustainability of natural resources and the social and environmental issues surrounding their distribution and demand.
Download or read book Tropical Ocean atmosphere Newsletter written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book California Rivers and Streams written by Jeffrey F. Mount and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2023-09-01 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: California Rivers and Streams provides a clear and informative overview of the physical and biological processes that shape California's rivers and watersheds. Jeffrey Mount introduces relevant basic principles of hydrology and geomorphology and applies them to an understanding of the differences in character of the state's many rivers. He then builds on this foundation by evaluating the impact on waterways of different land use practices—logging, mining, agriculture, flood control, urbanization, and water supply development. Water may be one of California's most valuable resources, but it is far from being one we control. In spite of channels, levees, lines and dams, the state's rivers still frequently flood, with devastating results. Almost all the rivers in California are dammed or diverted; with the booming population, there will be pressure for more intervention. Mount argues that Californians know little about how their rivers work and, more importantly, how and why land-use practices impact rivers. The forceful reconfiguration and redistribution of the rivers has already brought the state to a critical crossroads. California Rivers and Streams forces us to reevaluate our use of the state's rivers and offers a foundation for participating in the heated debates about their future.
