Download or read book Nonequilibrium Detonation of Composite Explosives written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of nonequilibrium diffusional flow on detonation velocities in composite explosives is examined. Detonation conditions are derived for complete equilibrium, temperature and pressure equilibrium, and two forms of pressure equilibrium. Partial equilibria are associated with systems which have not had sufficient time for transport to smooth out the gradients between spatially separate regions. The nonequilibrium detonation conditions are implemented in the CHEQ equation of state code. We show that the detonation velocity decreases as the non-chemical degrees of freedom of the explosive are allowed to equilibrate. It is only when the chemical degrees of freedom are allowed to equilibrate that the detonation velocity increases.
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers presented in this publication cover special problems in the field of energetic materials, particularly detonation phenomena in solids and liquids. General subject areas include shock-to-detonation transition, time resolved chemistry, initiation modeling, deflagration-to-detonation transition, equation of state and equation of state and performance, composites and emulsions, and composites and emulsions/underwater explosives, reaction zone, detonation wave propagation, hot spots, detonation products, chemistry and compositions, and special initiation.
Download or read book Detonation Performance Calculations Using the Kistiakowsky Wilson Equation of State written by Charles L. Mader and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Shock Compression of Condensed Matter 1997 written by S. C. Schmidt and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1058 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation Presents 236 papers from the July/August, 1997 conference. Included are sections on equations of state; phase transitions; mechanical properties of reactive and nonreactive materials; material properties and synthesis; optical, electrical, and laser studies; hypervelocity phenomenology; and impact and penetration mechanics. Attention is focused on the strain and failure behavior, the weak impulse initiation, and the safety aspects of explosives. Developments in measurement techniques, particularly those employing fast optical methods, are also discussed. The CD-ROM contains the contents of the text. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.
Download or read book Detonation Properties of Condensed Explosives Computed Using the Becker Kistiakowsky Wilson Equation of State written by Charles L. Mader and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Detonation of Condensed Explosives written by Roger Cheret and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work marks a stage in the evolution of a scientific and technical field which has been developed by the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA) over several decades. Many members of the staff of the CEA have won re nown in this field, and their work has brought it to the high degree of excel lence for which it is internationally recognized today. These scientists had to consider every aspect of the field, as it concerned: modeling, which has recourse to fluid thermodynamics, molecular phys ics, and chemistry; numerical evaluation, which relies on mathematical analysis and data processing; and experiments in the firing area, which require specific stress generators and instrumentation. Whilst this book is a testament to the activity and success of staff of the CEA, it also reviews a number ofthe advances made in the discipline. How ever, it is not intended to be an exhaustive account of those advances; it is assumed that the reader can, if desired, consult the standard monographs, and more recent, more specialized works (notably W.C. Davis and W. Fickett, and C.L. Mader). The history of the discipline is interesting in itself, and also as an illustra tion of the causes which lead to progress in a coherent body of scientific work. I should like to make some comments on this progress, of which there is a fascinating summary in the introduction, and which will figure largely throughout the work.
Download or read book Detonation in Condensed Explosives written by James Taylor and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Kinetic Modeling of Non ideal Explosives written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have implemented a Wood-Kirkwood kinetic detonation model based on multi-species equations of state and multiple reaction rate laws. Finite rate laws are used for the slowest chemical reactions, while other reactions are given infinite rates and are kept in constant thermodynamic equilibrium. We model a wide range of ideal and non-ideal composite energetic materials. In addition, we develop an exp-6 equation of state for the product fluids that reproduces a wide range experimental shock Hugoniot and static compression data. For unreacted solids, including solid and liquid Al and Al2O3, we use a Murnaghan form for the equation of state. We find that we can replicate experimental detonation velocities to within a few per cent for a wide range of explosives, while obtaining good agreement with estimated reaction zone lengths. The detonation velocity as a function of charge radius is also correctly reproduced.
Download or read book Toward Detonation Theory written by Anatoly N. Dremin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is known that the Chapman-Jouguet theory of detonation is based on the assumption of an instantaneous and complete transformation of explosives into detonation products in the wave front. Therefore, one should not expect from the theory any interpretations of the detonation limits, such as shock initiation of det onation and kinetic instability and propagation (failure diameter). The Zeldovich-Von Neuman-Doring (ZND) theory of detonation appeared, in fact, as a response to the need for a theory capable of interpreting such limits, and the ZND detonation theory gave qualitative interpretations to the detonation limits. These interpretations were based essentially on the theoretical notion that the mechanism of explosives transformation at detonation is a combustion of a layer of finite thickness of shock-compressed explosive behind the wave shock front with the velocity of the front. However, some experimental findings turned out to be inconsistent with the the ory. A very small change of homogeneous (liquid) explosives detonation velocity with explosive charge diameter near the rather sizable failure diameter is one of the findings. The elucidation of the nature of this finding has led to the discovery of a new phenomenon. This phenomenon has come to be known as the breakdown (BD) of the explosive self-ignition behind the front of shock waves under the effect of rarefaction waves.
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 1126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lagrange Gage Studies of Nonideal Explosives Containing NH4NO3 written by M. Cowperthwaite and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theoretical and experimental studies of planar detonation waves in Amatex 20 were performed to obtain a better understanding of the role of ammonium nitrate in the detonation process in explosives formulated from RDX, TNT, and AN. The theoretical work was performed to provide a more definitive and realistic treatment of steady-state detonation waves in such composite explosives. The treatment developed for such waves extends the classical Zelodovich-von Neumann-Doering (ZND) model for ideal detonation into a prototype model for nonideal detonation. The kinetic processes responsible for nonideal behavior were assumed to be incomplete decomposition of the slowest reacting explosive component, and the incomplete attainment of chemical equilibrium among the detonation products from the different explosive components. The experimental work was performed to obtain a more complete characterization of the detonation process in Amatex 20. The mean particle size of AN in the Amatex 20 charges was increased from the baseline value of appx 7 mm to a value of appx 2 mm. Multiple Lagrange particle velocity gage experiments were performed and analyzed to obtain a quantitative description of planar detonation in this coarse-grained Amatex 20.
Download or read book Effect of Particle Size of the Charge on the Detonation Properties of Composite Explosives written by M. Dervaux and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Non Equilibrium Zeldovich Von Neumann Doring Theory and Reactive Flow Modeling of Detonation written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses the Non-Equilibrium Zeldovich - von Neumann - Doring (NEZND) theory of self-sustaining detonation waves and the Ignition and Growth reactive flow model of shock initiation and detonation wave propagation in solid explosives. The NEZND theory identified the non-equilibrium excitation processes that precede and follow the exothermic decomposition of a large high explosive molecule into several small reaction product molecules. The thermal energy deposited by the leading shock wave must be distributed to the vibrational modes of the explosive molecule before chemical reactions can occur. The induction time for the onset of the initial endothermic reactions can be calculated using high pressure, high temperature transition state theory. Since the chemical energy is released well behind the leading shock front of a detonation wave, a physical mechanism is required for this chemical energy to reinforce the leading shock front and maintain its overall constant velocity. This mechanism is the amplification of pressure wavelets in the reaction zone by the process of de-excitation of the initially highly vibrationally excited reaction product molecules. This process leads to the development of the three-dimensional structure of detonation waves observed for all explosives. For practical predictions of shock initiation and detonation in hydrodynamic codes, phenomenological reactive flow models have been developed. The Ignition and Growth reactive flow model of shock initiation and detonation in solid explosives has been very successful in describing the overall flow measured by embedded gauges and laser interferometry. This reactive flow model uses pressure and compression dependent reaction rates, because time resolved experimental temperature data is not yet available. Since all chemical reaction rates are ultimately controlled by temperature, the next generation of reactive flow models will use temperature dependent reaction rates. Progress on a statistical hot spot ignition and growth reactive flow model with multistep Arrhenius chemical reaction pathways is discussed.
Download or read book Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library Vol 5 written by Blaine Asay and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-02-05 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Los Alamos National Laboratory is an incredible place. It was conceived and born amidst the most desperate of circumstances. It attracted some of the most brilliant minds, the most innovative entrepreneurs, and the most c- ative tinkerers of that generation. Out of that milieu emerged physics and engineering that beforehand was either unimagined, or thought to be f- tasy. One of the ?elds essentially invented during those years was the science of precision high explosives. Before 1942, explosives were used in munitions and commercial pursuits that demanded proper chemistry and con?nement for the necessary e?ect, but little else. The needs and requirements of the Manhattan project were of a much more precise and speci?c nature. Spatial and temporal speci?cations were reduced from centimeters and milliseconds to micrometers and nanoseconds. New theory and computational tools were required along with a raft of new experimental techniques and novel ways of interpreting the results. Over the next 40 years, the emphasis was on higher energy in smaller packages, more precise initiation schemes, better and safer formulations, and greater accuracy in forecasting performance. Researchers from many institutions began working in the emerging and expanding ?eld. In the midst of all of the work and progress in precision initiation and scienti?c study, in the early 1960s, papers began to appear detailing the ?rst quantitative studies of the transition from de?agration to detonation (DDT), ?rst in cast, then in pressed explosives, and ?nally in propellants.
Download or read book Approches Microscopique Et Macroscopique Des D tonations written by S. Odiot and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library Vol 4 written by F. Zhang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-12 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fourth of several volumes on solids in this series, the six extensive chapters here are more specifically concerned with detonation and shock compression waves in reactive heterogeneous media, including mixtures of solid, liquid and gas phases.
