Download or read book Non Destructive Passive Magnetic and Ultrasonic Inspection Methods for Condition Assessment of Reinforced Concrete written by SeyedBijan Mahbaz and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nondestructive Testing in Composite Materials written by Carosena Meola and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-04 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this era of technological progress and given the need for welfare and safety, everything that is manufactured and maintained must comply with such needs. We would all like to live in a safe house that will not collapse on us. We would all like to walk on a safe road and never see a chasm open in front of us. We would all like to cross a bridge and reach the other side safely. We all would like to feel safe and secure when taking a plane, ship, train, or using any equipment. All this may be possible with the adoption of adequate manufacturing processes, with non-destructive inspection of final parts and monitoring during the in-service life of components. Above all, maintenance should be imperative. This requires effective non-destructive testing techniques and procedures. This Special Issue is a collection of some of the latest research in these areas, aiming to highlight new ideas and ways to deal with challenging issues worldwide. Different types of materials and structures are considered, different non-destructive testing techniques are employed with new approaches for data treatment proposed as well as numerical simulations. This can serve as food for thought for the community involved in the inspection of materials and structures as well as condition monitoring.

Download or read book Improving Passive Magnetic Inspection for Reinforced Concrete Condition Assessment written by Milad Mosharafi and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life quality, industrial productivity, and community safety can be assured by the reliability and the safety of infrastructure such as highways, bridges, and energy-supply systems. Reinforced concrete is the most-commonly used massive construction material in urban, road and industrial infrastructure because of its mechanical properties, durability, and mouldability. Concrete has acceptable compressive strength but relatively low tensile strength, so steel reinforcement rods (rebar) are usually added to concrete to enhance its tensile strength. However, steel rebar is subject to the serious and costly problem of corrosion, which eventually can significantly degrade the mechanical properties of concrete. Quantifying the corrosion condition of reinforcing steel can help manage associated risks arising from the unexpected function failure of reinforced concrete structures. In efforts to avoid such failures, engineers rely on quantitative time-history condition monitoring of reinforcing steel to help make decisions on rehabilitation, decommissioning, or replacement of concrete infrastructure. The self-magnetic behaviour of ferromagnetic materials can be used for quantitative condition assessment. Inspection of reinforced concrete structures by a method based on this concept is under development. Improving the data recording, mathematical simulation and interpretation so as to obtain more-reliable outcomes from this novel NDT technology (Passive Magnetic Inspection (PMI)) is the main aim of this research project. This thesis, consisting of eight chapters, investigates various experiments and simulations, and delineates future work: Chapter 1 includes the introduction, theoretical background, and research objectives; Chapter 2 consists of numerical simulations and experimental results on the passive magnetic behavior of a rebar with pitting; Chapter 3 represents the simulations and experimental results of the investigations on rebars with local longitudinal defects; Chapter 4 investigates the self-magnetic behaviour of rebars with different sizes of crack; Chapter 5 covers numerical simulations and experimental results of passive magnetic behavior of an intact rebar and a rebar with general corrosion; Chapter 6 compares the magnetic flux density values generated from rebars with different degrees of general corrosion; Chapter 7 describes a successful fieldwork project; Chapter 8 outlines a general conclusion and future works that can help the further improvement of the inspection technology. To explain the content of the thesis in more detail, through the analysis of magnetic data, Chapters 2, 3, and 4 cover methods for identifying the local defects in steel reinforcements, and Chapters 5 and 6 focus on realizing the general corrosion of steel rebars. Applicable findings generated from Chapter 2 to Chapter 6 are used in detecting and categorizing the local defects and general corrosion in steel rebars. For instance, it is shown that a certain percentile threshold can be applied on magnetic data to accurately detect longitudinal defects. It is also demonstrated that medium and large cracks are detected by magnetic values' absolute gradients of greater than 0.87 (μT/mm) and 0.95 (μT/mm), respectively. In addition, it is shown that the average of standard deviations calculated for a magnetic data set decreases when the degree of general corrosion increases. The findings in the first six chapters are implemented to establish the data gathering, data analysis, and interpretation approaches used in the field work described in Chapter 7. In the field work, the condition of culvert C072's reinforced concrete (RC) bridge structure (located in the north of Markham, Ontario, Canada) is inspected. The inspection, supervised by the Corporation of the City of Markham, uses PMI technology. The inspection outcomes demonstrate that the sections close to the south and north ends of the bridge display the most-severe reinforcement anomalies: roughly, maximums of 20% and 14% of the reinforcement's cross-sectional area loss are detected close to the bridging structure's south and north ends, respectively. Additionally, an area in the middle of the bridge is found to have a noticeable anomaly in the reinforcement. The results generated from the magnetic data, collected using a PMI scanner, are in good agreement with visual-investigation results and the culvert's historical information, such as the concrete's chloride content and compressive strength values, as well as information from a half-cell potential survey. Culvert C072's condition is considered moderately deteriorated and corrective actions are recommended.

Download or read book Mathematics in Computational Science and Engineering written by Ramakant Bhardwaj and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-05-11 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MATHEMATICS IN COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING This groundbreaking new volume, written by industry experts, is a must-have for engineers, scientists, and students across all engineering disciplines working in mathematics and computational science who want to stay abreast with the most current and provocative new trends in the industry. Applied science and engineering is the application of fundamental concepts and knowledge to design, build and maintain a product or a process, which provides a solution to a problem and fulfills a need. This book contains advanced topics in computational techniques across all the major engineering disciplines for undergraduate, postgraduate, doctoral and postdoctoral students. This will also be found useful for professionals in an industrial setting. It covers the most recent trends and issues in computational techniques and methodologies for applied sciences and engineering, production planning, and manufacturing systems. More importantly, it explores the application of computational techniques and simulations through mathematics in the field of engineering and the sciences. Whether for the veteran engineer, scientist, student, or other industry professional, this volume is a must-have for any library. Useful across all engineering disciplines, it is a multifactional tool that can be put to use immediately in practical applications. This groundbreaking new volume: Includes detailed theory with illustrations Uses an algorithmic approach for a unique learning experience Presents a brief summary consisting of concepts and formulae Is pedagogically designed to make learning highly effective and productive Is comprised of peer-reviewed articles written by leading scholars, researchers and professors AUDIENCE: Engineers, scientists, students, researchers, and other professionals working in the field of computational science and mathematics across multiple disciplines

Download or read book Condition Assessment of Concrete Elements Through Two Nondestructive Ultrasonic Techniques written by María José Rodríguez Roblero and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reinforced concrete is one of the materials most used in civil infrastructure, and the expected service life is generally for several decades. However, as any other material, concrete performance is affected by environmental conditions, the normal use of the structure, ageing and extreme load events. All of these factors affect the elements performance and can induce damage. Since all infrastructure components deteriorate over time, it is needed to assess their actual condition. Moreover, to implement adequate corrective measures it is needed to first detect damage and quantify its extent. There are different methods that may be used to inspect concrete elements, and the selection of the adequate technique depends on the property of interest and the available resources. Among the available inspection methods, the nondestructive techniques (NDT) are those used to detect defects, to estimate the material properties or to assess the integrity of components that do not affect the elements under evaluation. Every inspection technique has advantages and disadvantages; and consequently, the current trend is to use a combination of methods. Even though several nondestructive methods are commercially available, currently there is no comprehensive method to evaluate concrete columns. Taking in consideration these aspects, the main objective of this research was to develop a new nondestructive methodology and testing device that would allow inspecting concrete columns in a fast and reliable manner, without affecting their future performance. The proposed methodology relies on ultrasonic tests. The condition evaluation is based on measurements of wave velocity and wave attenuation because it is known that the attenuation is more sensitive to damage than the velocity. However, wave attenuation is generally not used in site evaluations because is very difficult to ensure consistent measurements in the field. To overcome this limitation, a new ultrasonic testing device was developed and tested. To verify the applicability of the methodology, reinforced and unreinforced concrete samples were tested in the laboratory, and a sample of in-service reinforced concrete columns was also evaluated. The main contributions of the research presented in this thesis are: The construction of a new ultrasonic field testing device to test structural elements with circular cross section. The evaluation of a new methodology to evaluate concrete elements based on statistical indexes computed from wave velocity and wave attenuation by testing a sample of in-service columns. The new methodology allows detecting damage at earlier stages which would allow implementing opportune corrective measures. The proposal and evaluation of an alternative testing procedure to evaluate freeze/thaw damage in concrete specimens based on wave attenuation measurements. The appraisal of a new procedure to monitor progressive damage in concrete elements using surface wave measurements. The evaluation of alternative signal processing techniques of the signals obtained from the surface wave testing to facilitate the analysis of the results.

Download or read book Non Destructive Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Structures Deterioration Processes and Standard Test Methods written by Christiane Maierhofer and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2010-06 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative book provides a comprehensive review of the highly important subject of non-destructive evaluation of reinforced concrete structures. Engineers have a range of sophisticated techniques at their disposal to assess the condition of reinforced concrete structures that do not cause material damage and which usually enable the structure to be used while the surveys are carried out. Non-destructive evaluation of the infrastructure also plays a key role in calculating and prioritising where money should be spent on repair or replacement. Providing details of related techniques and case studies, this book offers an overview of how to plan and implement the NDT of reinforced concrete structures.

Download or read book Non Destructive Evaluation of Corrosion and Corrosion assisted Cracking written by Raman Singh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-04-09 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive text to the non-destructive evaluation of degradation of materials due to environment that takes an interdisciplinary approach Non-Destructive Evaluation of Corrosion and Corrosion-assisted Cracking is an important resource that covers the critical interdisciplinary topic of non-destructive evaluation of degradation of materials due to environment. The authors—noted experts in the field—offer an overview of the wide-variety of approaches to non-destructive evaluation and various types of corrosion. The text is filled with instructive case studies from a range of industries including aerospace, energy, defense, and processing. The authors review the most common non-destructive evaluation techniques that are applied in both research and industry in order to evaluate the properties and more importantly degradation of materials components or systems without causing damage. Ultrasonic, radiographic, thermographic, electromagnetic, and optical are some of the methods explored in the book. This important text: Offers a groundbreaking interdisciplinary approach to of non-destructive evaluation of corrosion and corrosion-assisted cracking Discusses techniques for non-destructive evaluation and various types of corrosion Includes information on the application of a variety of techniques as well as specific case studies Contains information targeting industries such as aerospace, energy, processing Presents information from leading researchers and technologists in both non-destructive evaluation and corrosion Written for life assessment and maintenance personnel involved in quality control, failure analysis, and R&D, Non-Destructive Evaluation of Corrosion and Corrosion-assisted Cracking is an essential interdisciplinary guide to the topic.

Download or read book Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation and Imaging of Defects in Reinforced Cementitious Materials written by Ji-yong Wang and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Characterization of defect is one of the important objectives of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) for condition assessment of structures. Among many other NDE techniques, ultrasonic methods play a prominent role in the both quantitative and qualitative assessment of discontinuities in reinforced cementitious materials. Due to the heterogeneous nature of concrete, ultrasonic waves are highly scattered and attenuated, leading to the difficulty of concrete inspection using conventional ultrasonic techniques, including those that work well on relatively homogeneous materials such as metals. This thesis presents an advanced method for sizing and imaging of defects in reinforced cementitious materials. A two-dimensional, three-phase composite model of concrete is proposed to study the propagation and interaction behaviors of ultrasonic waves in concrete structures, and to gain a knowledge about wave diffraction with multiple cylindrical obstacles. The response of the modeled concrete structure to an incident ultrasonic pulse input signal (pulsed ultrasonic P-wave) is analytically investigated and simulated. A characteristic profile of the defect sizing as a function of focal depth is formulated via the synthetic focusing technique. A defect sizing parameter, called characteristic width, is obtained empirically to represent the defect sizing information for the concrete. Conventional 2-D ultrasonic B-scan imaging, for example, by migration, may introduce artifacts. In this thesis, the fundamental theory for synthetic aperture beam-forming through synthetic steering and focusing of array transducers is investigated. It is possible to achieve high spatial and temporal resolution ultrasonic image free of artifacts. A time-frequency signal processing and image reconstruction algorithm are also studied. The proposed defect sizing and imaging methodology is tested with numerically simulated ultrasonic waveform signals based on the mechanical properties of a custom-made concrete specimen. Experimental works confirm the feasibility of defect sizing and imaging of the method. With the knowledge about the concrete structures being tested this method may provide a useful tool for ultrasonic NDE application to reinforced cementitious materials.

Download or read book Symposium on Non Destructive Testing of Concrete and Timber written by British National Committee for Non-destructive Testing and published by Thomas Telford Publishing. This book was released on 1970 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Testing of Materials and Elements in Civil Engineering 2nd Edition written by Krzysztof Schabowicz and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2023-07-06 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering. For this reason, the articles highlighted in this editorial relate to different aspects of this topic, from building materials to building structures. The current trend in the development of materials testing in civil engineering is mainly concerned with the detection of flaws and defects in elements and structures using destructive, semidestructive, and nondestructive testing.

Download or read book In Situ Nondestructive Testing of Concrete written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Emerging Technologies in Non Destructive Testing VI written by Danny Van Hemelrijck and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-11-24 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) is of worldwide significance, and is strongly related to the detection of damage in engineering structures (buildings, bridges, aircrafts, ships, pressure vessels, etc.) using non-invasive techniques (ultrasound, X-rays, Radar, neutrons, thermography, vibrations, acoustic emission, etc.). Emerging Technologies in Non-D

Download or read book Handbook on Nondestructive Testing of Concrete written by V.M. Malhotra and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-12-29 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Civil and structural engineering consultants engaged in quality control or investigations of hardened concrete need a comprehensive resource that explains the methods of determining strength and other performance characteristics. Handbook on Nondestructive Testing of Concrete, Second Edition answers this demand by providing a thorough analys

Download or read book Condition Assessment of Cemented Materials Using Ultrasonic Surface Waves written by Ahmet Serhan Kırlangıç and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanical waves provide information about the stiffness and the condition of a medium; thus, changes in medium conditions can be inferred from changes in wave velocity and attenuation. Non-destructive testing (NDT) methods based on ultrasonic waves are often more economical, practical and faster than destructive testing. Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) is a well-established surface wave method used for determination of the shear-wave profile of layered medium. The MASW test configuration is also applicable to assess the condition of concrete elements using appropriate frequency range. Both attenuation and dispersion of ultrasonic waves can be evaluated by this technique. In ultrasonic testing, the characterization of a medium requires the precise measurement of its response to ultrasonic pulses to infer the presence of defects and boundary conditions. However, any ultrasonic transducer attached to a surface affects the measured response; especially at high frequencies. On the other hand, ultrasonic transducers available for engineering application are mostly used to measure wave velocities (travel time method). Therefore, these transducers do not have a flat response in the required frequency range. Moreover, in the case of full-waveform methods, the recorded signals should be normalized with respect to the transfer functions of the transducers to obtain the real response of the tested specimen. The main objective of this research is to establish a comprehensive methodology based on surface wave characteristics (velocity, attenuation and dispersion) for condition assessment of cemented materials with irregular defects. To achieve the major objective, the MASW test configuration is implemented in the ultrasonic frequency range. The measured signals are subjected to various signal processing techniques to extract accurate information. In addition, a calibration procedure is conducted to determine the frequency response functions (FRF) of the piezoelectric accelerometers outside their nominal frequency range. This calibration is performed using a high-frequency laser vibrometer. This research includes three main studies. The first study introduces the calibration approach to measure the FRFs of the accelerometers outside of their flat frequency range. The calibrated accelerometers are then used to perform MASW tests on a cemented-sand medium. The original signals and the corrected ones by eliminating the effect of the FRFs are used to determine material damping of the medium. Although, the damping ratios obtained from different accelerometers are not same, the values from the corrected signals are found closer to the characteristic damping value compared to those from the uncorrected signals. The second study investigates the sensitivity of Rayleigh wave velocity, attenuation coefficient, material damping and dispersion in phase velocity to evaluate the sensitivity of these characteristics to the damage quantity in a medium. The soft cemented-sand medium is preferred as the test specimen so that well-defined shaped defects could be created in the medium. MASW test configuration is implemented on the medium for different cases of defect depth. The recorded signals are processed using different signal processing techniques including Fourier and wavelet transforms and empirical mode decomposition to determine the surface wave characteristics accurately. A new index, 'dispersion index', is introduced which quantifies the defect based on the dispersive behaviour. All surface wave characteristics are found capable of reflecting the damage quantity of the test medium at different sensitivity levels. In the final study, the condition assessment of six lab-scale concrete beams with different void percent is performed. The beam specimens involving Styrofoam pellets with different ratios are tested under ultrasonic and mechanical equipment. The assessment produce established in the second study with well-defined defects is pursed for the beams with irregular defects. Among the characteristics, attenuation, P and R-wave velocities and dispersion index are found as the promising characteristics for quantifying the defect volume.

Download or read book ACI 228 2R 13 Report on Nondestructive Test Methods for Concrete in Structures written by American Concrete Institute and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A review is presented of nondestructive test (NDT) methods for evaluating the condition of concrete and steel reinforcement in structures. Methods discussed include visual inspection, stress-wave, nuclear, measurement of fluid transport properties, magnetic and electrical, infrared thermography, and ground-penetrating radar. The principle of each method is discussed and the typical instrumentation described. Testing procedures are summarized and the data analysis methods explained. The advantages and limitations of the methods are highlighted. This report concludes with a discussion of planning a NDT program. General information is provided for those faced with the tast of evaluating the condition of a concrete structure and who are considering the applicability of NDT methods to aid in that evaluation."--p. 1.

Download or read book Effectiveness of Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Impact echo Ndt Techniques to Assess the Quality of Concrete written by Shibli Russel Mohiuddin Khan and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The deterioration of concrete in structure is a result of several internal or external degradation mechanism and which results in distress of the structure i.e. decrease in strength and integrity of the structure. the state of distress is often hidden from view and is only evident at a stage where there is significant reduction in strength of the structure. defects are open introduced during construction and are viewed during in services life. Some deterioration is viewed physically in the early age or during the services life of the structure in terms of spalling, surface crack, swelling and honeycombing. This deterioration collectively or individually results in reducing the load carrying capacity in terms of the distress of the structure. In this project, the common defects in the concrete structures and mapping techniques by nondestructive test are presented. Among the various techniques of the nondestructived tests, the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) and DOCtor's impact echo were chosen for their effectiveness. The UPV is used to estimate the concrete strength, detecting flaws such as voids and cracks and also to investigate the effects of smaller diameter bar in the concrete. In detecting various sizea of voids by the Impact-echo test techiniques a format was suggested to identify the from the frequency spectrum. In the bridge condition assessment by nondestructive test techniques most common problem encountered were correlationof cube crushing strength to the UPV values, in order to determine residual strength of the structure in different enviromental conditions. also the other defects such as cracks and voids in the concrete, which does not have any standard guideline to identify them by theabove NDT techniques to use in the bridge condition assessment. This project has dealt with large number of specimens between the actual condition and those of the values given by the NDT results. A number of beam specimens were also cast with known defects in the concrete in order to obtain and suggest standard investigation procedure. 108 standard cubes with different grades and enviromental conditions were cast. Also eight beams and a slab were casting having known common defects. From the strength- UPV correlation nine numbers of regression equations were suggested. A standard transducer spacing has been suggested for detecting crack depth of to 50 to 125mm range. The effect of bar sizes on UPV test results was also obtained. Reinforced concrete slabs or decks having bar diameter greater than 10mm diameter will be affect the reading of UPV. Based on the obtained resuls a computer database system for NDT has been made to accomodate and fulfill necessary requirements of knowledge base system. Hence this knowledge base system will be used for bridge condition assessment.

Download or read book Testing Concrete Determination of Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity written by British Standards Institute Staff and published by . This book was released on 2004-10-13 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concretes, Reinforced concrete, Prestressed concrete, Cement and concrete technology, Ultrasonic testing, Sonic testing, Non-destructive testing, Ultrasonics, Velocity measurement, Test equipment, Accuracy, Transducers, Error correction, Testing conditions, Modulus of elasticity, Poisson ratio, Strength of materials, Correlation methods, Reinforcement, Flaw detection