Download or read book Non axiomatic Reasoning System written by Pei Wang and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Non axiomatic Logic written by Pei Wang and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a systematic and comprehensive description of Non-Axiomatic Logic, which is the result of the author''s research for about three decades.Non-Axiomatic Logic is designed to provide a uniform logical foundation for Artificial Intelligence, as well as an abstract description of the OC laws of thoughtOCO followed by the human mind. Different from OC mathematicalOCO logic, where the focus is the regularity required when demonstrating mathematical conclusions, Non-Axiomatic Logic is an attempt to return to the original aim of logic, that is, to formulate the regularity in actual human thinking. To achieve this goal, the logic is designed under the assumption that the system has insufficient knowledge and resources with respect to the problems to be solved, so that the OC logical conclusionsOCO are only valid with respect to the available knowledge and resources. Reasoning processes according to this logic covers cognitive functions like learning, planning, decision making, problem solving, This book is written for researchers and students in Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science, and can be used as a textbook for courses at graduate level, or upper-level undergraduate, on Non-Axiomatic Logic."
Download or read book Rigid Flexibility written by Pei Wang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-01 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the most comprehensive description of the decades-long Non-Axiomatic Reasoning System (NARS) project, including its philosophical foundation, methodological consideration, conceptual design details, implications in the related fields, and its similarities and differences to many related works in cognitive science. While most current works in Artificial Intelligence (AI) focus on individual aspects of intelligence and cognition, NARS is designed and developed to attack the AI problem as a whole.
Download or read book Non axiomatic Logic A Model Of Intelligent Reasoning written by Pei Wang and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013-05-03 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a systematic and comprehensive description of Non-Axiomatic Logic, which is the result of the author's research for about three decades.Non-Axiomatic Logic is designed to provide a uniform logical foundation for Artificial Intelligence, as well as an abstract description of the “laws of thought” followed by the human mind. Different from “mathematical” logic, where the focus is the regularity required when demonstrating mathematical conclusions, Non-Axiomatic Logic is an attempt to return to the original aim of logic, that is, to formulate the regularity in actual human thinking. To achieve this goal, the logic is designed under the assumption that the system has insufficient knowledge and resources with respect to the problems to be solved, so that the “logical conclusions” are only valid with respect to the available knowledge and resources. Reasoning processes according to this logic covers cognitive functions like learning, planning, decision making, problem solving, etc.This book is written for researchers and students in Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science, and can be used as a textbook for courses at graduate level, or upper-level undergraduate, on Non-Axiomatic Logic.
Download or read book Artificial General Intelligence written by Patrick Hammer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-30 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Artificial General Intelligence, AGI 2019, held in Shenzhen, China, in August 2019. The 16 full papers and 5 poster papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 30 submissions. The papers are covering AGI architectures, discussing mathematical foundations, philosophical foundations, safety and ethics, and developing ideas from neuroscience and cognitive science.
Download or read book Artificial General Intelligence written by Ben Goertzel and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-06 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Artificial General Intelligence, AGI 2020, held in St. Petersburg, Russia, in September 2020. The 30 full papers and 8 short papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 60 submissions. The papers cover topics such as AGI architectures, artificial creativity and AI safety, transfer learning, AI unification and benchmarks for AGI.
Download or read book Principia Mathematica written by Alfred North Whitehead and published by . This book was released on 1910 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Classical and Nonclassical Logics written by Eric Schechter and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2005-08-28 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Classical logic is traditionally introduced by itself, but that makes it seem arbitrary and unnatural. This text introduces classical alongside several nonclassical logics (relevant, constructive, quantative, paraconsistent).
Download or read book Artificial General Intelligence written by Ben Goertzel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-17 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Only a small community has concentratedon general intelligence. No one has tried to make a thinking machine . . . The bottom line is that we really haven’t progressed too far toward a truly intelligent machine. We have collections of dumb specialists in small domains; the true majesty of general intelligence still awaits our attack. . . . We have got to get back to the deepest questions of AI and general intelligence. . . ” –MarvinMinsky as interviewed in Hal’s Legacy, edited by David Stork, 2000. Our goal in creating this edited volume has been to ?ll an apparent gap in the scienti?c literature, by providing a coherent presentation of a body of contemporary research that, in spite of its integral importance, has hitherto kept a very low pro?le within the scienti?c and intellectual community. This body of work has not been given a name before; in this book we christen it “Arti?cial General Intelligence” (AGI). What distinguishes AGI work from run-of-the-mill “arti?cial intelligence” research is that it is explicitly focused on engineering general intelligence in the short term. We have been active researchers in the AGI ?eld for many years, and it has been a pleasure to gather together papers from our colleagues working on related ideas from their own perspectives. In the Introduction we give a conceptual overview of the AGI ?eld, and also summarize and interrelate the key ideas of the papers in the subsequent chapters.
Download or read book Metareasoning written by Michael T. Cox and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experts report on the latest artificial intelligence research concerning reasoning about reasoning itself.
Download or read book The Tarskian Turn written by Leon Horsten and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2011-07-15 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A philosopher proposes a new deflationist view of truth, based on contemporary proof-theoretic approaches. In The Tarskian Turn, Leon Horsten investigates the relationship between formal theories of truth and contemporary philosophical approaches to truth. The work of mathematician and logician Alfred Tarski (1901–1983) marks the transition from substantial to deflationary views about truth. Deflationism—which holds that the notion of truth is light and insubstantial—can be and has been made more precise in multiple ways. Crucial in making the deflationary intuition precise is its relation to formal or logical aspects of the notion of truth. Allowing that semantical theories of truth may have heuristic value, in The Tarskian Turn Horsten focuses on axiomatic theories of truth developed since Tarski and their connection to deflationism. Arguing that the insubstantiality of truth has been misunderstood in the literature, Horsten proposes and defends a new kind of deflationism, inferential deflationism, according to which truth is a concept without a nature or essence. He argues that this way of viewing the concept of truth, inspired by a formalization of Kripke's theory of truth, flows naturally from the best formal theories of truth that are currently available. Alternating between logical and philosophical chapters, the book steadily progresses toward stronger theories of truth. Technicality cannot be altogether avoided in the subject under discussion, but Horsten attempts to strike a balance between the need for logical precision on the one hand and the need to make his argument accessible to philosophers.
Download or read book Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems written by Judea Pearl and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems is a complete and accessible account of the theoretical foundations and computational methods that underlie plausible reasoning under uncertainty. The author provides a coherent explication of probability as a language for reasoning with partial belief and offers a unifying perspective on other AI approaches to uncertainty, such as the Dempster-Shafer formalism, truth maintenance systems, and nonmonotonic logic. The author distinguishes syntactic and semantic approaches to uncertainty--and offers techniques, based on belief networks, that provide a mechanism for making semantics-based systems operational. Specifically, network-propagation techniques serve as a mechanism for combining the theoretical coherence of probability theory with modern demands of reasoning-systems technology: modular declarative inputs, conceptually meaningful inferences, and parallel distributed computation. Application areas include diagnosis, forecasting, image interpretation, multi-sensor fusion, decision support systems, plan recognition, planning, speech recognition--in short, almost every task requiring that conclusions be drawn from uncertain clues and incomplete information. Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems will be of special interest to scholars and researchers in AI, decision theory, statistics, logic, philosophy, cognitive psychology, and the management sciences. Professionals in the areas of knowledge-based systems, operations research, engineering, and statistics will find theoretical and computational tools of immediate practical use. The book can also be used as an excellent text for graduate-level courses in AI, operations research, or applied probability.
Download or read book The Essential Turing written by B. J. Copeland and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 2004-09-09 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alan Turing, pioneer of computing and WWII codebreaker, is one of the most important and influential thinkers of the twentieth century. In this volume for the first time his key writings are made available to a broad, non-specialist readership. They make fascinating reading both in their own right and for their historic significance: contemporary computational theory, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, and artificial life all spring from this ground-breaking work, which is also rich in philosophical and logical insight. An introduction by leading Turing expert Jack Copeland provides the background and guides the reader through the selection. About Alan Turing Alan Turing FRS OBE, (1912-1954) studied mathematics at King's College, Cambridge. He was elected a Fellow of King's in March 1935, at the age of only 22. In the same year he invented the abstract computing machines - now known simply as Turing machines - on which all subsequent stored-program digital computers are modelled. During 1936-1938 Turing continued his studies, now at Princeton University. He completed a PhD in mathematical logic, analysing the notion of 'intuition' in mathematics and introducing the idea of oracular computation, now fundamental in mathematical recursion theory. An 'oracle' is an abstract device able to solve mathematical problems too difficult for the universal Turing machine. In the summer of 1938 Turing returned to his Fellowship at King's. When WWII started in 1939 he joined the wartime headquarters of the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) at Bletchley Park, Buckinghamshire. Building on earlier work by Polish cryptanalysts, Turing contributed crucially to the design of electro-mechanical machines ('bombes') used to decipher Enigma, the code by means of which the German armed forces sought to protect their radio communications. Turing's work on the version of Enigma used by the German navy was vital to the battle for supremacy in the North Atlantic. He also contributed to the attack on the cyphers known as 'Fish'. Based on binary teleprinter code, Fish was used during the latter part of the war in preference to morse-based Enigma for the encryption of high-level signals, for example messages from Hitler and other members of the German High Command. It is estimated that the work of GC&CS shortened the war in Europe by at least two years. Turing received the Order of the British Empire for the part he played. In 1945, the war over, Turing was recruited to the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in London, his brief to design and develop an electronic computer - a concrete form of the universal Turing machine. Turing's report setting out his design for the Automatic Computing Engine (ACE) was the first relatively complete specification of an electronic stored-program general-purpose digital computer. Delays beyond Turing's control resulted in NPL's losing the race to build the world's first working electronic stored-program digital computer - an honour that went to the Royal Society Computing Machine Laboratory at Manchester University, in June 1948. Discouraged by the delays at NPL, Turing took up the Deputy Directorship of the Royal Society Computing Machine Laboratory in that year. Turing was a founding father of modern cognitive science and a leading early exponent of the hypothesis that the human brain is in large part a digital computing machine, theorising that the cortex at birth is an 'unorganised machine' which through 'training' becomes organised 'into a universal machine or something like it'. He also pioneered Artificial Intelligence. Turing spent the rest of his short career at Manchester University, being appointed to a specially created Readership in the Theory of Computing in May 1953. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London in March 1951 (a high honour).
Download or read book Artificial General Intelligence written by Kristinn R. Thórisson and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Artificial General Intelligence, AGI 2024, held in Seattle, Washington, USA in August 2024. The 25 papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 55 submissions. The papers focus on the main theme of AGI 2024: 'Understanding Artificial General Intelligence', with discussions on various central concepts of general intelligence including thought, understanding, meaning, creativity, insight, reasoning, autonomy, attention and control.
Download or read book Artificial General Intelligence written by Matthew Iklé and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-02 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Artificial General Intelligence, AGI 2018, held in Prague, Czech Republic, in August 2018. The 19 regular papers and 10 poster papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 52 submissions. The conference encourage interdisciplinary research based on different understandings of intelligence, and exploring different approaches. As the AI field becomes increasingly commercialized and well accepted, maintaining and emphasizing a coherent focus on the AGI goals at the heart of the field remains more critical than ever.
Download or read book A Unifying Field in Logics Neutrosophic Logic Neutrosophic Probability Neutrosophic Statistics Neutrosophic Set second version written by FLORENTIN SMARANDACHE and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subsets T, I, F are not necessarily intervals, but may be any real subsets: discrete or continuous; single-element, finite, or (either countably or uncountably) infinite; union or intersection of various subsets; etc.
