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Book Nitrogen and Sulfur Effects on Hard Winter Wheat Quality and Asparagine Concentration and Survey of Kansas Soil Sulfur Conditions

Download or read book Nitrogen and Sulfur Effects on Hard Winter Wheat Quality and Asparagine Concentration and Survey of Kansas Soil Sulfur Conditions written by Tara Leanne Wilson and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil sulfur (S) deficiency is becoming increasingly common throughout the U.S. due to The Clean Air Act of 1990; S deficiency is typically found in high sand and low organic matter soils and looks very similar to nitrogen deficiency with stunted growth and chlorosis. Over application of N when there is a S deficiency has shown to be detrimental to wheat quality. Sulfur deficiency is detrimental to baking quality due to its effects on formation of disulfide bonds. These bonds are formed from the sulfhydryl groups of cysteine, which influence viscoelasticity of dough. Soil S deficiency can also lead to an increase of free asparagine concentration which indicates acrylamide forming potential of baked products. Acrylamide is a potential carcinogen; S fertilization has been shown to decrease acrylamide forming potential in wheat flour. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to: i) determine the effect of genotype, N, and S fertility on overall wheat quality and rheological characteristics; ii) determine the typical range of asparagine in wheat grain in Kansas: and iii) determine the influence of S availability in soils on asparagine in wheat grain. In the first study we found that in a soil with low S availability, S fertility significantly increased overall grain quality and rheological characteristics as well as increasing yield. Protein composition was evaluated by the ratio of total polymeric/ total monomeric protein using high performance liquid chromatography. In both years, the ratio of polymeric to monomeric protein was increased by sulfur fertilization. Solvent retention capacity (SRC) was evaluated using the whole grain lactic acid-sodium dodecyl sulfate solvent retention test (lactic acid- SDS SRC). In 2018, S application increased the SRC from 217% to 308%. Sulfur application increased average farinograph stability from 9.2 min to 14.6 min. Farinograph stability was effectively predicted by the SRC test (R2=0.78). Free asparagine concentration decreased significantly in both years across all genotypes when S was applied. Although, in Chapter 2 we found that poor wheat quality in a S deficient soil was increased with S fertilizer application, we did not find a strong correlation between available S in the soil and wheat quality or free asparagine concentration in Chapter 3. In 2018 a S sufficient location, Ashland had the highest free asparagine concentration (37 [mu]mol/g) which was likely due to hot dry weather during grain fill. Thus, further investigation of factors influencing free asparagine in winter wheat is necessary for us to have a better understanding of how to decrease the risk of elevated levels. Information from this study will help winter wheat producers in the Great Plains diagnose sulfur deficiency and determine best practices for increasing grain quality and decreasing free asparagine concentration.

Book Evaluation of Diagnostic Tools and Fertilizer Sources for Phosphorus and Sulfur Management in Winter Wheat

Download or read book Evaluation of Diagnostic Tools and Fertilizer Sources for Phosphorus and Sulfur Management in Winter Wheat written by Christopher M. Weber and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three studies were conducted to assess winter wheat (Tritticum aestivum) response to phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) and evaluate soil test methods and tissue tests as diagnostic tools. The first study compared different commercially available soil test P methods in Kansas soils. This study was performed on 24 locations in 2019 and 2020. It was designed to include various soils across the wheat-growing regions of Kansas, and locations were selected based on initial soil test P concentrations. Fertilizer treatments included pre-plant broadcast P fertilizer at rates of 0, 45, 90, and 135 kg of P2O5 ha−1. Soil samples were collected at the 0-15 cm depth and analyzed using six soil test P methods. Results from this study found that most soil test P (STP) methods correlate well with the Mehlich-3 (M3) method. The highest correlation was with the Bray-1 (B1), while the lowest was with the H3A. The B1 and H3A method correlations to the M3 method were affected by high soil pH and calcium carbonate. Critical STP levels for winter wheat differed between STP methods. The lowest critical level for wheat grain yield was 12.2 mg of P kg−1 for the Olsen test, while the highest was 36.7 mg of P kg−1 with the Mehlich-3 ICP test. The second study evaluated soil test S methods and wheat response to sulfate and elemental S fertilizer sources. Sulfur application rates included 0, 11, and 45 kg of S ha−1, and all plots received a balanced blanket application of N and P fertilizer. Profile soil samples (0-30 and 30-60 cm) were taken before fertilization and tested with four different S soil test methods. Plant tissue samples were collected at the Feekes 6 growth stage, and flag leaf samples were collected at the Feekes 10.5 growth stage. Results from this study indicate that the four sulfur soil test methods had a wide range of correlations indicating that different methods could be extracting S from different sulfur pools of S in the soil. When comparing these methods, the calcium phosphate and ammonium acetate methods correlated the best between all method comparisons to one another. When analyzing tissue S concentration, S rates had the biggest impact while the source of S had limited response at any location. The third study evaluated the effects of blending P fertilizer with winter wheat seed prior to drilling. Treatments included a factorial combination of two P fertilizer sources, three P rates, and four storage times of the seed-fertilizer blend prior to drilling. Four locations were established in 2019 and 2020. Fertilizer sources included diammonium phosphate (DAP) and MESZ; rates included 34, 67, and 135 kg of P2O5 ha−1; and blend storage times of 0, 7, 22, and 34 days. Results from this study found that the blend storage time and fertilizer source had limited impacts on winter wheat NDVI, P uptake, biomass, and grain yield responses in the field. P fertilizer rate had the biggest impact on NDVI, P uptake, biomass and grain yield responses and was the biggest response in this study which was likely due to locations being lower in P compared to general guidelines.

Book Effect of Crops and Fertilizer on Soil Nitrogen Carbon and Water Content and on Succeeding Wheat Yields and Quality

Download or read book Effect of Crops and Fertilizer on Soil Nitrogen Carbon and Water Content and on Succeeding Wheat Yields and Quality written by C. K. Mutchler and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Effect of Nitrogen Sulfur and Potassium Chloride Fertilization on the Baking Quality of Soft Red Winter Wheat

Download or read book Effect of Nitrogen Sulfur and Potassium Chloride Fertilization on the Baking Quality of Soft Red Winter Wheat written by Adriana Isabel Diaz Salazar and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Cold Resistance of Winter Wheat as Related to Nutrient Conditions of the Soil

Download or read book Cold Resistance of Winter Wheat as Related to Nutrient Conditions of the Soil written by R. Chase Allred and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Influence of Foliar Sulfur Chloride and Nitrogen on Winter Wheat Grain Yield and Total Nitrogen Triticum Aestivum L

Download or read book Influence of Foliar Sulfur Chloride and Nitrogen on Winter Wheat Grain Yield and Total Nitrogen Triticum Aestivum L written by Sulochana Dhital and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optimum use of nitrogen (N) is a key component in improving wheat grain yield and quality. The combined effect of other nutrients with N can have a positive impact on crop production. Using sulfur (S) and chloride (Cl) in wheat and other cereals has received increased attention in recent years. Foliar S and Cl can assist in optimizing wheat yield and total N, especially in sandy soils with low organic matter where deficiencies are expected. Winter wheat studies were conducted for 3 site-years at Lake Carl Blackwell (LCB) and Lahoma (LAH) in the fall of 2011 and 2012 to evaluate the effect of flag leaf applied foliar N, S and Cl on winter wheat grain yield and grain N. Two N rates, 10 and 20 kg N ha−1, as urea triazone (N-SURE, 28-0-0) and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN, 28-0-0) were foliar applied. Treatments included foliar application of gypsum (6 kg S ha−1) and calcium chloride at a rate of 10 kg Cl ha−1 applied with the help of CO2 backpack sprayer. Results showed total grain N increased with increasing preplant N rate at LCB and LAH. With increasing preplant N, a linear increase in yield was observed at LAH and a quadratic increase in yield at LCB. There was no response to foliar N, Cl and S at both locations. This study indicated that S and Cl fertilization did not increase yield and protein.

Book Nitrogen Timing and Placement Effects on Grain and Plant Nitrogen and Grain Yield in Hard Red Winter Wheat

Download or read book Nitrogen Timing and Placement Effects on Grain and Plant Nitrogen and Grain Yield in Hard Red Winter Wheat written by Mylen G. Bohle and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hard red winter wheat has the potential to be an alternative crop in the Pacific Northwest, however percent grain nitrogen has been unacceptably low and grain yields have been about only 80% of soft white winter wheat. During the late spring and the summer months there is usually little rainfall, therefore moisture and nitrogen needed for grain fill must be taken up from the subsoil. The interaction between rainfall distribution and available nitrogen and moisture at different depths in the soil during grain fill was thought to be the problem for low percent grain nitrogen in this mediterranean climate. Dryland field experiments were conducted with the hard red winter wheat cultivar Nanser' at the Sherman Branch Expeilment Station at Moro, north-central Oregon, during the crop years 1983 and 1984. Plots were fall-fertilized with 0 (low N) and 80 (high N) kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer and 0 and 20 kg/ha of phosphorus fertilizer. At jointing and at anthesis, 0 and 20 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer were applied with water, to the 0, 60 and 120 cm soil depths to determine the effects upon percent grain nitrogen, grain yield, plant nitrogen yield and nitrogen harvest index (NHI) at harvest. The 80 kg/ha fall-applied N rate was the factor most responsible for increasing percent grain nitrogen and grain nitrogen yield. Grain yield was increased only in 1984. Under low N fertility conditions, percent grain nitrogen was increased by the 20 kg/ha N rate applied at anthesis in 1983. Grain yield was increased with the 20 kg/ha N rate applied at jointing, both years, and was limited if phosphorus fertilizer was not present with the anthesis timing in 1983. Grain nitrogen yield was increased by P fertilizer and the 20 N rate (regardless of timing) in 1983, and when N was applied at jointing in 1984. Under high N fertility conditions, 20 N rate applied at jointing increased percent grain N both years, and grain nitrogen yield in 1983. Grain yield was not increased. In general, percent grain N in the high N fertility plots and the 1984 low N fertility plots was positively correlated to the nitrogen yield of all the plant parts, except chaff in 1984. Percent grain N was negatively correlated to grain NHI under high N fertility conditions, but positively correlated under 1983 low N conditions. Percent grain N was positively correlated to most other plant parts' NHI under high N fertility conditions in 1983 and 1984 and 1984 low N fertility conditions. Under low N fertility conditions in 1983, percent grain N was positively correlated to grain NHI. Deep placement did not significantly increase percent grain N, grain yield or grain nitrogen yield. Under high N fertility conditions in 1984, more nitrogen remained in some of the straw plant parts at the 60 cm depth with the anthesis timing compared to jointing.

Book The Effect of Environment and Varieties on Kansas Wheat Quality 1958 1962

Download or read book The Effect of Environment and Varieties on Kansas Wheat Quality 1958 1962 written by John Andrew Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Climate yield Relationships for Kansas Winter Wheat

Download or read book Climate yield Relationships for Kansas Winter Wheat written by Ellen Cooter and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Response of Winter Wheat Triticum Aestivum L Em Thell to Nitrogen and Chloride Fertilization in the Presence of Take all Root Rot Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici Walker

Download or read book Response of Winter Wheat Triticum Aestivum L Em Thell to Nitrogen and Chloride Fertilization in the Presence of Take all Root Rot Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici Walker written by Mohamed El Hadi Maatougui and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Response from nitrogen and chloride fertilization was measured in field experiments on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Em. Thell. var. 'Stephens' and 'Yamhill') grown in western Oregon in an environment with a range of susceptibility to take-all root rot (Gaumannomyces graminis var. tritici Walker). Cropping sequences and expected disease severity considered in the study were: first year wheat after clover (low risk of severe take-all root rot: Nixon I experiment), second year wheat with high disease infection in the previous crop (high risk of severe take-all root rot: Keyt II experiment), second year wheat with low disease infection in the previous crop (moderate risk of severe take-all root rot: Nixon II and Coon experiment), third year wheat (high risk of severe take-all root rot: Jones experiment), fifth year wheat (high risk of severe take-all root rot: Keyt II experiment), and eighteenth year wheat (take-all decline established: the pathogen is present in the soil but does not cause damage, Evers experiment). Nitrogen treatments were applied at 0, 67, 134, and 202 kg/ha in all experiments where wheat followed wheat and at 0, 45, 90, and 134 kg/ha in the experiment where wheat followed clover. Chloride treatments were applied at 0, 45, and 90 kg/ha in all experiments and a rate of 134 kg C1/ha was also used on the Jones experiment. Nitrogen was predominantly supplied from urea while ammonium chloride supplied chloride and ammonium sulfate supplied the crop requirement for sulfur (about 20 kg/ha). Fertilizers were top-dressed in split application with chloride and sulfur containing fertilizers applied first (February) and urea applied later (March) in all experiments but those conducted in the Nixon farm where a single fertilizer was applied in March. Crop response was measured through the effects of N and c1 treatments on dry matter production, plant nitrogen content, plant nitrogen uptake and plant percent nitrogen recovery, as well as grain yield, yield components, grain nitrogen content, grain protein content, grain nitrogen uptake, and grain percent nitrogen recovery. The results of the study strongly indicated that take-all root rot was only a problem in the Jones, Keyt I, and Keyt II experiments and was most severe in third year wheat (Jones experiment). This also was the only experiment with significant (p = 0.05) response from rates of 202 kg N/ha. Nitrogen fertilization was the main factor that greatly influenced the levels of the variables studied while chloride fertilization generally did not have a significant (p = 0.05) influence. 134 kg N/ha was generally the rate accounting for the best levels of each variable studied in all experiments except in the Jones experiment as precised earlier. Crop response was also affected by a relatively long 'dry' period (April 20th to June 20th), particularly in the experiment where take-all root rot was a problem. Levels of the variables studied accounted for by the optimum rates of N were consistently higher in the experiments where take-all root rot was not a problem than where it was a problem by the following amounts: dry matter yields-17%, plant nitrogen contents-18%, plant nitrogen uptake levels-30%, plant nitrogen recoveries-28%, grain yields-22%, grain nitrogen contents-only 4%, grain protein contents-only 2%, grain nitrogen uptake levels-26%, grain nitrogen recoveries-18%, and spikes/m2-24%.

Book Nitrogen in the Environment Sources Problems and Management

Download or read book Nitrogen in the Environment Sources Problems and Management written by R.F. Follett and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2001-12-03 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen in the Environment: Sources, Problems, and Management is the first volume to provide a holistic perspective and comprehensive treatment of nitrogen from field, to ecosystem, to treatment of urban and rural drinking water supplies, while also including a historical overview, human health impacts and policy considerations. It provides a worldwide perspective on nitrogen and agriculture. Nitrogen is one of the most critical elements required in agricultural systems for the production of crops for feed, food and fiber. The ever-increasing world population requires increasing use of nitrogen in agriculture to supply human needs for dietary protein. Worldwide demand for nitrogen will increase as a direct response to increasing population. Strategies and perspectives are considered to improve nitrogen-use efficiency. Issues of nitrogen in crop and human nutrition, and transport and transformations along the continuum from farm field to ground water, watersheds, streams, rivers, and coastal marine environments are discussed. Described are aerial transport of nitrogen from livestock and agricultural systems and the potential for deposition and impacts. The current status of nitrogen in the environment in selected terrestrial and coastal environments and crop and forest ecosystems and development of emerging technologies to minimize nitrogen impacts on the environment are addressed. The nitrogen cycle provides a framework for assessing broad scale or even global strategies to improve nitrogen use efficiency. Growing human populations are the driving force that requires increased nitrogen inputs. These increasing inputs into the food-production system directly result in increased livestock and human-excretory nitrogen contribution into the environment. The scope of this book is diverse, covering a range of topics and issues from furthering our understanding of nitrogen in the environment to policy considerations at both farm and national scales.