Download or read book Nitrate Removal from Water Supplies by Ion Exchange written by Dennis A. Clifford and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nitrate Removal from Ground Water by Ion Exchange written by Robert Simon Reich and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Combined Ion Exchange biological Denitrification for Nitrate Removal from Ground Water written by J. P. van der Hoek and published by . This book was released on 1988* with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Removal of nitrate from contaminated water supplies for public use written by Gerald A. Guter and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Removal of Nitrate Sulfate and Hardness from Groundwater by Ion Exchange written by John L. Musterman and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Validation of a Predictive Model for Nitrate Removal from Groundwater Using Ion Exchange Resins written by Timothy J. Lafond and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nitrate Removal from South Dakota Ground Water by Nitrate selective Ion Exchange Resins written by Benjamin C. H. Lao and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nitrate Removal for Small Public Water Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nitrates in Groundwater written by Larry W. Canter and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-01-22 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This time-saving book provides extensive coverage of all important aspects of nitrates in groundwater, ranging from prevention to problem assessment to remediation. It begins by highlighting the nitrogen cycle and related health concerns, providing both background information and a unique perspective on health issues. It then analyzes subsurface pr
Download or read book Nitrate Removal from Groundwater Using Strong Base Anion Exchange Resins written by David Allen Bergo and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nitrate Contamination written by Istvan Bogardi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nitrate content of drinking water is rising at an alarming rate in several regions of NATO countries and elsewhere in the world. The increase is due to lack of proper sewage treatment, and primarily to excess fertilizer application. Also, eutrophication in several coastal areas is triggered by high nitrate concentrations. The main purpose of this book is to integrate scientific knowledge related to exposure assessment, health consequences and control of nitrate contamination in water. The motivation is related to the magnitude, the possible adverse health effects, and the high cost of control ling nitrate contamination. Future research tasks are defined by an interaction among hydro logists, toxicologists and environmental engineers in an integrated framework for nitrate risk management. The target readership of this book is a mix of university colleagues, practitioners from both the private and public sectors and advanced graduate students working with the hydrological, health science or environmental engineering aspects of nitrate contamination. The main conclusions include: 1. For risk assessment purposes, knowledge and sufficiently accurate models are available to predict nitrate load and its fate in water under changes in land use. 2. Once agricultural exposure controls are implemented, the response times in ground water may be so long as to make controls unrealistic. 3. It is still unknown whether agricultural best management practice is a compromise between nitrate risk reduction and agricultural revenue. 4. The current drinking water guidelines of 10 mg/L NOrN need not be changed.
Download or read book Nitrate and Perchlorate Removal from Groundwater by Ion Exchange written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of a small scale ion exchange unit (Krudico, Inc of Auborn, IA) for removal of nitrate and perchlorate from groundwater at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's Site 300. The unit was able to treat 3,600 gallons of Site 300 groundwater, at an average influent concentration of 100 mg/L NO3− before breakthrough occurred. The unit contained 2.5 ft3 of Sybron SR-7 resin. Seventy gallons of regeneration waste were generated (water treated to waste ratio of 51:1). The effluent concentration was about 20 mg/L NO3−, which is equivalent to a treatment efficiency of at least 80%. There are several options for implementing this technology at Site 300. A target well, in the 817 area, has been selected. It has a 3 to 4 gpm flow rate, and concentrations of 90 mg/L NO3− and 40 [mu]g/L perchlorate. The different treatment options include ion exchange treatment of nitrate only, nitrate and perchlorate, or perchlorate only. Option 1: For the treatment of nitrate only, this unit will be able to treat 3,700 gallons of water before regeneration is required. If both columns of the ion exchange unit are used, 7,400 gallons could be treated before the columns will need to be regenerated (producing 140 gallons of waste, per cycle or every 1.5 days). The effluent nitrate concentration is expected to be about 17 mg/L. Annual operation and maintenance costs are estimated to be $0.14 per gallon of water treated. Option 2: If only perchlorate is to be removed with ion exchange at the 817 area, a smaller unit should be considered. A 55 gallon canister filled with ion exchange resin should be able to reduce perchlorate concentrations in the groundwater from 40 [mu]g/L to non-detect levels for three years before the resin would need to be replaced. The contaminant-laden resin would be disposed of as hazardous waste. It is not practical to regenerate the resin because of the extreme difficulty of removing perchlorate from the resin. Due to the selectivity of the ion exchange resin, it will also be possible to selectively remove perchlorate from nitrate-contaminated water. Annual operation and maintenance costs are estimated to be $0.02 per gallon of water treated. Option 3: Another alternative is to treat both perchlorate and nitrate. A three column unit would be built. The first column would capture perchlorate and the resin would be replaced rather than regenerated. The second and third column would be operated as under Option 1 to treat nitrate. Annual operation and maintenance costs are estimated to be $0.14 per gallon of water treated.
Download or read book Nitrate Removal from Water Supplies by Ion Exchange written by Dennis A. Clifford and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Removal of Nitrate from Groundwater by Ion Exchange written by Richard H. Hutton and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nitrate Removal from Water Supplies by Ion Exchange written by Dennis A. Clifford and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessing Innovative Technologies for Nitrate Removal from Drinking Water written by Shoeleh Shams and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several health problems may be caused by excess nitrate in drinking water, the most important of which being methemoglobinemia, a potentially fatal disorder, in infants under six months of age. Many different parts of the world have been facing the problem of nitrate contaminated surface and groundwaters due in large part to excessive use of nitrate-based chemical fertilizers. In the Region of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada some groundwater sources have nitrate concentrations approaching the Health Canada and Ontario Ministry of the Environment maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) of 10 mg NO3--N/L. Finding a practical and economical way to reduce nitrate concentrations in representative groundwater in the Region of Waterloo was the overall objective of this research. To achieve this goal, nitrate removal technologies including biological denitrification, ion exchange (IX), reverse osmosis (RO), electrodialysis (ED), and chemical denitrification were reviewed and compared. IX and RO were found to be the most promising technologies for nitrate removal. They have also been approved by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) as Best Available Technologies (BAT). To investigate the feasibility of IX and RO for nitrate removal from representative groundwater in the Region of Waterloo, bench-scale experiments were conducted and compared. These technologies could be considered for application at full- or point-of-use (POU)-scale. Decision support assistance for the selection of the appropriate technology for different technical and economical conditions is provided as an outcome of this work. Two nitrate-selective ion exchange resins (Dowex NSR-1 and Purolite® A-520E), two non-selective resins (Purolite® A-300E and Amberlite® IRA400 Cl), and a commercially-available RO POU device (Culligan® Aqua-Cleer® model RO30), which included a particle filter and a carbon block, were tested with deionized water and real groundwater.* IX results confirmed that production time before resin exhaustion was influenced by operating conditions, specifically bed depth as would be expected. It was also confirmed that the presence of competing anions (sulfate, chloride) and alkalinity adversely affected performance, with sulfate being the main competitor for nitrate removal. The extent of these effects was quantified for the conditions tested. At the end of the runs, the non-selective resins were prone to potential nitrate displacement and release into product water and are therefore not recommended. The nitrate-selective resins did not release previously adsorbed nitrate as their capacity became exhausted. Purolite® A-520E was identified as the best alternative amongst the four resins for removing nitrate from the representative groundwater source. The RO unit removed roughly 80% of the nitrate from groundwater. Background ions didn't appear to compete with each other for removal by RO units, so RO might be a more appropriate technology than IX for nitrate removal from waters with high concentrations of sulfate or TDS. Since RO removes other background ions as well as nitrate, the product water of RO is low in alkalinity and can potentially be corrosive, if water from a small full-scale system is pumped through a communal distribution system. Post-treatment including pH adjustment, addition of caustic soda, and/or corrosion inhibitors may be required. While the carbon block did not play a substantial role with respect to removal of nitrate in the groundwater tested, a potential issue was identified when running RO systems without the carbon block. In deionized water (and presumably in very low alkalinity real waters) it was noted that RO nitrate removal efficiency dropped substantially as the alkalinity of the influent water approached zero. With respect to the scale of application of IX and RO devices, IX can be applied at full-scale without requiring large amounts of space. However, if feed water contains high concentrations of sulfate or TDS, nitrate leakage happens sooner and regeneration would be needed at more frequent intervals. Also, chloride concentrations in IX product water might exceed aesthetic objectives (AO) and should be monitored in cases of high feed water TDS. POU IX devices are not recommended when feed water nitrate concentration is high due to potential nitrate leakage into the product water when the resin is nearing exhaustion which increases public health risk. Issues associated with RO application at full-scale are high energy demand, low recovery, high costs, need of pre-treatment (fouling control), and post-treatment (corrosion control). On the other hand, POU RO devices may be acceptable since low recovery is of less importance in a household system, and product water corrosivity is less relevant. POU RO devices are preferable to POU IX units due to their lower risk of nitrate leakage into treated water. * Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
Download or read book Groundwater Quality written by Harriet Nash and published by Springer. This book was released on 1994-10-31 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Groundwater quality monitoring and testing is of paramount importance both in the developed and developing world. This book presents a series of papers illustrating the varied nature of current research into groundwater quality. Urban and rural supplies are covered through a case history approach, and the importance of remedial action to prevent deterioration is emphasized.
