Download or read book Nitrate Contamination written by Istvan Bogardi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nitrate content of drinking water is rising at an alarming rate in several regions of NATO countries and elsewhere in the world. The increase is due to lack of proper sewage treatment, and primarily to excess fertilizer application. Also, eutrophication in several coastal areas is triggered by high nitrate concentrations. The main purpose of this book is to integrate scientific knowledge related to exposure assessment, health consequences and control of nitrate contamination in water. The motivation is related to the magnitude, the possible adverse health effects, and the high cost of control ling nitrate contamination. Future research tasks are defined by an interaction among hydro logists, toxicologists and environmental engineers in an integrated framework for nitrate risk management. The target readership of this book is a mix of university colleagues, practitioners from both the private and public sectors and advanced graduate students working with the hydrological, health science or environmental engineering aspects of nitrate contamination. The main conclusions include: 1. For risk assessment purposes, knowledge and sufficiently accurate models are available to predict nitrate load and its fate in water under changes in land use. 2. Once agricultural exposure controls are implemented, the response times in ground water may be so long as to make controls unrealistic. 3. It is still unknown whether agricultural best management practice is a compromise between nitrate risk reduction and agricultural revenue. 4. The current drinking water guidelines of 10 mg/L NOrN need not be changed.
Download or read book Nitrate and Nitrite in Drinking Water written by and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Safe Drinking Water Act directs the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish national drinking-water standards for chemical and biological contaminants in public water supplies. The standards are to be set at concentrations at which no adverse effects on human health occur or are expected to occur from lifetime consumption, allowing a margin of safety; enforceable standards are standards that are feasible to achieve with the use of the best technology available. The standards are to be reviewed periodically to ensure continued protection of public health. Consistent with the requirement for periodic review, EPA asked the National Research Council to evaluate the current drinking-water maximum-contaminant-level goals (MCLGs) and maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for nitrate and nitrite in public water supplies. The Subcommittee on Nitrate and Nitrite in Drinking Water, convened under National Research Council procedures, reviewed information on the occurrence and toxicity of nitrate and nitrite. The subcommittee evaluated this information in the context of the drinking-water standards for those substances and drew conclusions about the adequacy of the current standards to protect human health.
Download or read book Nitrates in Groundwater written by Larry W. Canter and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-01-22 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This time-saving book provides extensive coverage of all important aspects of nitrates in groundwater, ranging from prevention to problem assessment to remediation. It begins by highlighting the nitrogen cycle and related health concerns, providing both background information and a unique perspective on health issues. It then analyzes subsurface pr
Download or read book Benefits of Safer Drinking Water written by Stephen R. Crutchfield and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Copper in Drinking Water written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-04-12 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The safety of the nation's drinking water must be maintained to ensure the health of the public. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for regulating the levels of substances in the drinking water supply. Copper can leach into drinking water from the pipes in the distribution system, and the allowable levels are regulated by the EPA. The regulation of copper, however, is complicated by the fact that it is both necessary to the normal functioning of the body and toxic to the body at too high a level. The National Research Council was requested to form a committee to review the scientific validity of the EPA's maximum contaminant level goal for copper in drinking water. Copper in Drinking Water outlines the findings of the committee's review. The book provides a review of the toxicity of copper as well as a discussion of the essential nature of this metal. The risks posed by both short-term and long-term exposure to copper are characterized, and the implications for public health are discussed. This book is a valuable reference for individuals involved in the regulation of water supplies and individuals interested in issues surrounding this metal.
Download or read book Groundwater Quality written by Harriet Nash and published by Springer. This book was released on 1994-10-31 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Groundwater quality monitoring and testing is of paramount importance both in the developed and developing world. This book presents a series of papers illustrating the varied nature of current research into groundwater quality. Urban and rural supplies are covered through a case history approach, and the importance of remedial action to prevent deterioration is emphasized.
Download or read book Drinking Water Quality and Human Health written by Patrick Levallois and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-04 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The quality of drinking water is paramount for public health. Despite important improvements in the last decades, access to safe drinking water is not universal. The World Health Organization estimates that almost 10% of the population in the world do not have access to improved drinking water sources. Among other diseases, waterborne infections cause diarrhea, which kills nearly one million people every year, mostly children under 5 years of age. On the other hand, chemical pollution is a concern in high-income countries and an increasing problem in low- and middle-income countries. Exposure to chemicals in drinking water may lead to a range of chronic non-communicable diseases (e.g., cancer, cardiovascular disease), adverse reproductive outcomes, and effects on children’s health (e.g., neurodevelopment), among other health effects. Although drinking water quality is regulated and monitored in many countries, increasing knowledge leads to the need for reviewing standards and guidelines on a nearly permanent basis, both for regulated and newly identified contaminants. Drinking water standards are mostly based on animal toxicity data, and more robust epidemiologic studies with accurate exposure assessment are needed. The current risk assessment paradigm dealing mostly with one-by-one chemicals dismisses the potential synergisms or interactions from exposures to mixtures of contaminants, particularly at the low-exposure range. Thus, evidence is needed on exposure and health effects of mixtures of contaminants in drinking water. Finally, water stress and water quality problems are expected to increase in the coming years due to climate change and increasing water demand by population growth, and new evidence is needed to design appropriate adaptation policies. This Special Issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) focuses on the current state of knowledge on the links between drinking water quality and human health.
Download or read book National Summary of State Water Quality Standards written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nitrate in Drinking Water written by Edward C Anton and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nitrate in Drinking Water written by Michigan. Center for Environmental Health Sciences and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nitrate in Potable Water Supplies written by Vivian Bundgaard Jensen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrate contamination of potable water sources has become one of the most important water quality concerns across the United States. Nitrate presents unique water treatment challenges and small water systems are particularly affected by the high costs of addressing nitrate impacted supplies. The incidence of nitrate impacted drinking water systems, with respect to contamination, violations, and treatment, was assessed nationally, with particular emphasis on the state of California. Findings indicate that public water systems serving less than 3,300 people (very small and small water systems) are disproportionately affected by nitrate in potable water supplies, accounting for an average of 97.5% of systems in violation of the nitrate maximum contaminant level from 1998 - 2013. Of the 744,304 people served by national community water systems (CWS) that were non-compliant at least once from 2010 - 2013, 37.4% were served by systems in California. There were more systems in California in violation of the nitrate MCL between 2010 and 2013 than in any other state. Treatment measures have been proven effective and are in use at public water systems across the United States; anion exchange is the most common treatment technology implemented in the United States for nitrate removal. The disposal of waste residuals from drinking water treatment processes like anion exchange can be costly, particularly for small inland communities lacking the resources needed to identify the most affordable and sustainable waste management approach. Brine waste management options for small nitrate treatment systems in the Central Valley of California were examined with consideration of the feasibility, sustainability, and affordability of the available alternatives. Onsite evaporation, landfill evaporation, landfill solidification, and coastal wastewater treatment plant disposal were considered in detail with a base case scenario. Onsite evaporation ponds and transport of waste to a coastal wastewater treatment facility were identified as the least-costly, currently-available management options. In nearly all cases, the estimated minimum disposal costs associated with the base case scenario exceeded the average cost of tap water in the United States, $2.00/1,000 gallons. The minimization of brine waste through improved water recovery has the potential to significantly decrease disposal costs, by as much as 95%. Given the high costs of brine disposal options for individual small water systems in the San Joaquin Valley, the development of sustainable and affordable regional solutions is warranted to address the problem in a manner that can benefit multiple small water systems, as well as other brine producers in the region.
Download or read book Nitrate Occurrence in U S Waters and Related Questions written by John Fedkiw and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book EPA 570 9 written by and published by . This book was released on 1982-10 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Tracers in Subsurface Hydrology written by Peter G. Cook and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Tracers in Subsurface Hydrology synthesizes the research of specialists into a comprehensive review of the application of environmental tracers to the study of soil water and groundwater flow. The book includes chapters which cover ionic tracers, noble gases, chlorofluorocarbons, tritium, chlorine-36, oxygen-18, deuterium, and isotopes of carbon, strontium, sulphur and nitrogen. Applications of the tracers include the estimation of vertical and horizontal groundwater velocities, groundwater recharge rates, inter-aquifer leakage and mixing processes, chemical processes and palaeohydrology. Practicing hydrologists, soil physicists and hydrology professors and students will find the book to be a valuable support in their work.
Download or read book Nitrate in Drinking Water written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Earth Materials and Health written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-05-09 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A range of natural earth materials, like arsenic or fluoride, have long been linked to significant human health effects. Improved understanding of the pervasive and complex interactions between earth materials and human health will require creative collaborations between earth scientists and public health professionals. At the request of the National Science Foundation, U.S. Geological Survey, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration, this National Research Council book assesses the current state of knowledge at the interface between the earth sciences and public health disciplines. The book identifies high-priority areas for collaborative research, including understanding the transport and bioavailability of potentially hazardous earth materials, using risk-based scenarios to mitigate the public health effects of natural hazards under current and future climate regimes, and understanding the health risks that result from disturbance of earth systems. Geospatial information - geological maps for earth scientists and epidemiological data for public health professionals - is identified as one of the essential integrative tools that is fundamental to the activities of both communities. The book also calls for increased data sharing between agencies to promote interdisciplinary research without compromising privacy.
Download or read book Removal of nitrate from contaminated water supplies for public use written by Gerald A. Guter and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
