Download or read book Nitrate in Greenland and Antarctic ice cores written by R. ROTHLISBERGER and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ice Core Studies of Global Biogeochemical Cycles written by Robert J. Delmas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The analysis of polar ice cores has proven to be very instructive about past environmental conditions on the time scale of several climatic cycles, and recent drilling operations have provided information of great value for global change issues. The book presents the most recent data extracted from Greenland ice cores and surface experiments and compares them with former Antarctic results. It contains background articles, original contributions and group reports of interest to scientists, climatologists, atmospheric chemists, and glaciologists involved in global change research.
Download or read book Snow Nitrate Photolysis in Polar Regions and the Mid latitudes written by Maria C. Zatko and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The formation and recycling of nitrogen oxides (NOx=NO+NO2) associated with snow nitrate photolysis has important implications for air quality and the preservation of nitrate in ice core records. This dissertation examines snow nitrate photolysis in polar and mid-latitude regions using field and laboratory based observations combined with snow chemistry column models and a global chemical transport model to explore the impacts of snow nitrate photolysis on boundary layer chemistry and the preservation of nitrate in polar ice cores. Chapter 1 describes how a global chemical transport model is used to calculate the photolysis-driven flux and redistribution of nitrogen across Antarctica, and Chapter 2 presents similar work for Greenland. Snow-sourced NOx is most dependent on the quantum yield for nitrate photolysis as well as the concentration of photolabile nitrate and light-absorbing impurities (e.g., black carbon, dust, organics) in snow. Model-calculated fluxes of snow-sourced NOx are similar in magnitude in Antarctica (0.5-7.8x108 molec cm-2 s-1) and Greenland (0.1-6.4x108 molec cm-2 s-1) because both nitrate and light-absorbing impurity concentrations in snow are higher (by factors of 2 and 10, respectively) in Greenland. Snow nitrate photolysis influences boundary layer chemistry and ice-core nitrate preservation less in Greenland compared to Antarctica largely due to Greenland's proximity to NOx-source regions. Chapter 3 describes how a snow chemistry column model combined with chemistry and optical measurements from the Uintah Basin Winter Ozone Study (UBWOS) 2014 is used to calculate snow-sourced NOx in eastern Utah. Daily-averaged fluxes of snow-sourced NOx (2.9x107-1.3x108 molec cm-2 s-1) are similar in magnitude to polar snow-sourced NOx fluxes, but are only minor components of the Uintah Basin boundary layer NOx budget and can be neglected when developing ozone reduction strategies for the region. Chapter 4 presents chemical and optical measurements made during the Sea Ice Physics and Ecosystems eXperiment II (SIPEXII) in the East Antarctic sea ice zone. Vertical profiles of [unknown math symbol]15N(NO3-) in snow suggest that snow-sourced NOx from Antarctica is transported to the sea-ice zone. These studies suggest that snow-sourced NOx fluxes are similar in magnitude globally and that their impacts on boundary layer chemistry are linked to boundary layer pollution levels.
Download or read book Nitrate Deposition in Antarctica written by Claude M. Laird and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Acidity in Polar Ice Cores written by Daniel R. Pasteris and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: pH is a master variable that controls many chemical reactions in nature due to the abundance of acids and bases in the Earth environment. A novel method for continuously measuring pH and acidity in ice cores is applied here to the analysis of ice core arrays from Greenland and Antarctica. The Greenland array documents the history of acidic deposition in a location that is downwind from the major air polluting regions of North America. Comparisons show that the ice core records closely track precipitation chemistry data from North America, available since 1979, thus enabling the ice cores to serve as a valid proxy for the history of acid deposition in North America since industrialization began in the mid-1800s. Ice core observations suggest that the natural background of sulfur acidity declined during the 20 th century and this decline is attributed to decreased biogenic sulfur emissions associated with changing sea ice conditions in the North Atlantic Ocean. Acidity records from Antarctica are utilized in a comprehensive assessment of the primary acid-anions and base-cations, including nitrate, sulfate, ammonium, and chloride. Arrays from high and low snow accumulation regions are exploited for their strengths in providing subannual resolution and long duration records, respectively. Biomass burning is found to be the source of a significant portion of the nitrate and ammonium that reaches Antarctica based on high correlations with published methane isotopes and measured black carbon data, respectively. Chloride at the low accumulation sites is found to be a heavily diffused version of the original sea salt aerosol record, the latter of which is linked to cooler ocean temperatures, possibly through the sea ice mechanism for sea salt aerosol production.
Download or read book Chemical Exchange Between the Atmosphere and Polar Snow written by Eric W. Wolff and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 667 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polar ice cores have provided tremendous advances in our knowledge of past climate change. They also contain an archive of geochemical data, which can certainly delineate some of the forcing factors that govern climate change. However, our ability to interpret these data is severely curtailed by lack of knowledge of the processes governing the transfer of chemical species from the air to the snow. This book outlines the potential and problems of ice core chemistry and discusses the processes involved in air-snow transfer. It gives the state of current knowledge and an agenda for future research.
Download or read book Gaseous Loss of Nitrogen from Plant Soil Systems written by J.R. Freney and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A growing interest has been shown recently in the dymanics of nitrogen in agricultural and natural ecosystems. This has been caused by increasing demands for food and fibre by a rapidly expanding world population, and by a growing concern that increased land clearing, cultivation and use of both fertilizer and biologically fixed nitrogen can have detrimental effects on the environment. These include effects on water quality, eutrophication of surface waters and changes in atmospheric composition all caused by increased cycling of nitrogenous compounds. The input and availability of nitrogen frequently affects the productivity of farming systems more than any other single management factor, but often the nitrogen is used inefficiently. Much of the fertilizer nitrogen applied to the soil is not utilised by the crop: it is lost either in solution form, by leaching of nitrate, or in gaseous forms as ammonia, nitrous oxide, nitric oxide or dinitrogen. The leached nitrate can contaminate rivers and ground waters, while the emitted ammonia can contaminate surface waters or combine with atmospheric sulfur dioxide to form aerosols which affect visibility, health and climate. There is also concern that increased evolution of nitrous oxide will deplete the protective ozone layer of the stratosphere. The possibility of a link between the intensity of agricultural use of nitrogen, nitrous oxide emissions and amounts of stratospheric ozone has focussed attention on these interactions.
Download or read book Antarctic and Greenland snow and ice cores written by C.F. BOUTRON and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polar Ice Cores Climatic and Environmental Records written by C. Lorius and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica provide multiple proxy records of climatic and environmental parameters. They reveal the anthropogenic impact on aerosol concentrations in Greenland snow (i.e., S04 and N03) and on atmospheric greenhouse gases. For example, increases over the last 200 years are about 25% for C02, 8 % for N202 and about 200% for CH4. Over the last climatic cycle (i.e., - 150 Kyr) the glacial-interglacial surface temperature change may be -1O deg C, with glacial stages generally associated with lower snow accumulation and higher concentrations of marine and continental aerosols reflecting enlarged source areas and increased atmospheric transport. Greenland ice has recorded rapid changes of climate during the last ice age and deglaciation. The 18 or D records from the Vostok ice core (Antarctica) strongly suggest the role of insolation orbital forcing, as well as a close relation between temperature and greenhouse gas concentrations. C02 and CH4 concentrations increase by about 40% and 100% during glacial interglacial transitions, respectively. It appears likely that fluctuating greenhouse gas concentrations have had a significant role in the glacial-interglacial climate changes by amplifying, together with the growth and decay of the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets, the orbital forcing.
Download or read book Investigation of Greenland and Antarctic Ice Core Recorded Climate Change Using Ultra High Resolution Sampling written by Skylar Armstrong Haines and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Environmental Record in Glaciers and Ice written by H. Oeschger and published by . This book was released on 1989-05-09 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains background papers and summary group reports from a workshop concerned with the environmental records contained in the layered sequences of ice sheets and glaciers. Examines: a) how glaciers record and preserve environmental processes; b)establishing ice core chronology; c)anthropogenic impacts recorded in glaciers; d)ice-core record of long-term global changes in the environment.
Download or read book Detailed Solar Activity and Ionization Event Records in Polar Ice Caps written by Gisela Dreschhoff and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrate analyses were made of ice cores taken from high altitude sites on the Antarctic plateau and central Greenland. The 430 year nitrate record from the Greenland ice cap is believed to provide an estimate of the occurrence frequencies and number of major solar flares / solar proton events. The results include: (1) Observed historical white light flares can be expected to be associated with major solar proton events, (2) The SPE's recorded in the nitrate sequence are most likely large proton fluence events originating near the central meridian of the sun as viewed from the earth, (3) Large events occurred at the end of the 18th century, (4) Increased solar activity for several solar cycles preceding deep and prolonged solar minima, (5) Deep minima are recorded in both polar regions, (6) The nitrate record provides an almost complete history of ionospheric conditions in terms of individual ionization events as well as hemispheric or global effects via ionospheric-thermospheric coupling.
Download or read book Detailed Solar Activity and Ionization Event Records in Polar Ice Caps written by Gisela A. M. Dreschhoff and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrate analyses were made of ice cores taken from high altitude sites on the Antarctic plateau and central Greenland. The 430 year nitrate record from the Greenland ice cap is believed to provide an estimate of the occurrence frequencies and number of major solar flares / solar proton events. The results include: (1) Observed historical white light flares can be expected to be associated with major solar proton events, (2) The SPE's recorded in the nitrate sequence are most likely large proton fluence events originating near the central meridian of the sun as viewed from the earth, (3) Large events occurred at the end of the 18th century, (4) Increased solar activity for several solar cycles preceding deep and prolonged solar minima, (5) Deep minima are recorded in both polar regions, (6) The nitrate record provides an almost complete history of ionospheric conditions in terms of individual ionization events as well as hemispheric or global effects via ionospheric-thermospheric coupling.
Download or read book A reinterpretation of sea salt records in Greenland and Antarctic ice cores written by A.M. RANKIN and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book State of the Art High Resolution Glacio Chemistry from Greenland and Antarctic Ice Cores Implications to Climate Reconstructions written by Thomas Manuel Beers and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Sun Climate Connection Over the Last Millennium Facts and Questions written by Maxim Ogurtsov and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2015-01-02 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The search for a cause of the global warming phenomenon on our planet has sparked some interest in the scientific community. The connection between changes occurring in the sun and global warming presents one fundamental perspective which has been investigated by a number of scientific research groups. In recent times, there have been some promising results that might help us uncover the clues about such a link. The Sun-Climate Connection over the Last Millennium: facts and questions presents fundamental information about the solar activity, space weather, terrestrial climates and their variations over an extended period of time. The information presented is a set of analyses based on modern methods of statistical analysis of non-stationary time series, including Fourier, wavelet and singular spectral analysis while considering space weather phenomena (solar winds, solar flares, aurora borealis etc.) and other terrestrial manifestations of solar activity. The physical mechanisms potentially linking solar activity and space weather to climate are discussed based on these analyses. The eBook also provides some context of modern millennial temperature reconstructions for explaining global warming in the 20th century. Scenarios of the solar activity and climate evolution throughout the 21st century are considered on the basis of the updated data. The eBook provides useful facts for researchers seeking information on climate and space research with respect to solar phenomena
Download or read book Handbook of Environmental Isotope Geochemistry written by Mark Baskaran and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-13 with total page 944 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applications of radioactive and stable isotopes have revolutionized our understanding of the Earth and near-earth surface processes. The utility of the isotopes are ever-increasing and our sole focus is to bring out the applications of these isotopes as tracers and chronometers to a wider audience so that they can be used as powerful tools to solve environmental problems. New developments in this field remain mostly in peer-reviewed journal articles and hence our goal is to synthesize these findings for easy reference for students, faculty, regulators in governmental and non-governmental agencies, and environmental companies. While this volume maintains its rigor in terms of its depth of knowledge and quantitative information, it contains the breadth needed for wide variety problems and applications in the environmental sciences. This volume presents all of the newer and older applications of isotopes pertaining to the environmental problems in one place that is readily accessible to readers. This book not only has the depth and rigor that is needed for academia, but it has the breadth and case studies to illustrate the utility of the isotopes in a wide variety of environments (atmosphere, oceans, lakes, rivers and streams, terrestrial environments, and sub-surface environments) and serves a large audience, from students and researchers, regulators in federal, state and local governments, and environmental companies.
