Download or read book Nez Perce Grammar written by Haruo Aoki and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Studies in Nez Perce Grammar and Discourse written by Noel Emerson Rude and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Numipu Or Nez Perce Grammar written by Anthony Morvillo and published by . This book was released on 1899 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nez Perce Grammar written by Haruo Aoki and published by Berkeley : University of California Press. This book was released on 1970 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Numipu Or Nez Perce Grammar written by Jesuits and published by . This book was released on 1891 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nez Perce Grammar written by Haruo Aoki and published by Berkeley : University of California Press. This book was released on 1970 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Numipu or Nez Perce grammar written by Joseph Mary Cataldo and published by . This book was released on 1891 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nez Perce Dictionary and Grammar Personal Reminiscences written by J. M. Cornelison and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photostat copy of a handwritten manuscript "Nez Perce Dictionary and Grammar: Personal Reminiscences," by Reverend James M. Cornelison, and miscellaneous correspondence and notes, being his personal reminiscences of the Umatilla Indian Reservation to which he was a missionary from 1899-1942, and a Nez Perce grammar which he compiled, 291 pp.
Download or read book Nez Perc Indian grammar written by J. M. Cornelison and published by . This book was released on with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Approaches to Grammaticalization written by Elizabeth Closs Traugott and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1991-01-01 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of grammaticalization raises a number of fundamental theoretical issues pertaining to the relation of langue and parole, creativity and automatic coding, synchrony and diachrony, categoriality and continua, typological characteristics and language-specific forms, etc., and therefore challenges some of the basic tenets of twentieth century linguistics.This two-volume work presents a number of diverse theoretical viewpoints on grammaticalization and gives insights into the genesis, development, and organization of grammatical categories in a number of language world-wide, with particular attention to morphosyntactic and semantic-pragmatic issues. The papers in Volume I are divided into two sections, the first concerned with general method, and the second with issues of directionality. Those in Volume II are divided into five sections: verbal structure, argument structure, subordination, modality, and multiple paths of grammaticalization.
Download or read book Nez Perce National Historical Park Idaho written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Public Lands and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oct. 9 hearing was held in Lewiston, Idaho.
Download or read book Grammatical Relations written by Talmy Givón and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a functional perspective on grammatical relations (GRs) without neglecting their structural correlates. Ever since the 1970s, the discussion of RGs by functionally-oriented linguists has focused primarily on their functional aspects, such as reference, cognitive accessibility and discourse topicality. With some exceptions, functionalists have thus ceded the discussion of the structural correlates of GRs to various formal schools. Ever since Edward Keenan's pioneering work on subject properties (1975, 1976), it has been apparent that subjecthood and objecthood can only be described properly by a basket of neither necessary nor sufficient properties thus within a framework akin to Rosch's theory of Prototype. Some GR properties are functional (reference, topicality, accessibility); others involve overt coding (word-order, case marking, verb agreement). Others yet are more abstract, involving control of grammatical processes (rule-governed behavior). Building on Keenan's pioneering work, this volume concentrates on the structural aspects of GRs within a functionalist framework. Following a theoretical introduction, the papers in the volume deal primarily with recalcitrant typological issues: The dissociation between overt coding properties of GRs and their behavior-and-control properties; GRs in serial verb constructions; GRs in ergative languages; The impact of clause union and grammaticalization on GRs.
Download or read book The Languages and Linguistics of Indigenous North America written by Carmen Dagostino and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2023-12-18 with total page 998 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides broad coverage of the languages indigenous to North America, with special focus on typologically interesting features and areal characteristics, surveys of current work, and topics of particular importance to communities. The volume is divided into two major parts: subfields of linguistics and family sketches. The subfields include those that are customarily addressed in discussions of North American languages (sounds and sound structure, words, sentences), as well as many that have received somewhat less attention until recently (tone, prosody, sociolinguistic variation, directives, information structure, discourse, meaning, language over space and time, conversation structure, evidentiality, pragmatics, verbal art, first and second language acquisition, archives, evolving notions of fieldwork). Family sketches cover major language families and isolates and highlight topics of special value to communities engaged in work on language maintenance, documentation, and revitalization.
Download or read book Functionalism and Grammar written by T. Givón and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1995-06-01 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is Prof. Givón's long-awaited critical examination of the fundamental theoretical and methodological underpinnings of the functionalist approach to grammar. It challenges functionalists to take their own medicine and establish non-circular empirical definitions of both 'function' and 'structure'. Ideological hand-waving, however fervent and right-thinking, is seldom an adequate substitute for analytic rigor and empirical responsibility. If the reductionist extremism of the various structuralist schools is to be challenged on solid intellectual grounds, the challenge cannot itself be equally extreme in its reductionism. The book is divided into nine chapters: 1. Prospectus, somewhat jaundiced (overview) 2. Markedness as meta-iconicity: Distributional and cognitive correlates of syntactic structure 3. The functional basis of grammatical typology 4. Modal prototypes of truth and action 5. Taking structure seriously: Constituency and the VP node 6. Taking structure seriously II: Grammatical relations and clause union 7. The distribution of grammar in text: On interpreting conditional associations 8. Coming to terms with cognition: Coherence in text vs. coherence in mind 9. On the co-evolution of language, mind and brain.
Download or read book Ergativity written by Alana Johns and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-05 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overarching theme of this volume is the formal expression of the range and limits of ergativity. The book contains cutting-edge theoretical papers by top authors in the field, who also conduct original field work and bring new data to light. It contains articles that apply the most recent theoretical tools to the area of ergativity, and then explore the issues that emerge. Languages investigated in the text include Basque, Georgian, and Hindi.
Download or read book Syntax written by T. Givón and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2001-07-19 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition of Syntax: A functional-typological introduction is at many points radically revised. In the previous edition (1984) the author deliberately chose to de-emphasize the more formal aspects of syntactic structure, in favor of a more comprehensive treatment of the semantic and pragmatic correlates of syntactic structure. With hindsight the author now finds the de-emphasis of the formal properties a somewhat regrettable choice, since it creates the false impression that one could somehow be a functionalist without being at the same time a structuralist. To redress the balance, explicit treatment is given to the core formal properties of syntactic constructions, such as constituency and hierarchy (phrase structure), grammatical relations and relational control, clause union, finiteness and governed constructions. At the same time, the cognitive and communicative underpinning of grammatical universals are further elucidated and underscored, and the interplay between grammar, cognition and neurology is outlined. Also the relevant typological database is expanded, now exploring in greater precision the bounds of syntactic diversity. Lastly, Syntax treats synchronic-typological diversity more explicitly as the dynamic by-product of diachronic development or grammaticalization. In so doing a parallel is drawn between linguistic diversity and diachrony on the one hand and biological diversity and evolution on the other. It is then suggested that — as in biology — synchronic universals of grammar are exercised and instantiated primarily as constraints on development, and are thus merely the apparent by-products of universal constraints on grammaticalization.
Download or read book Applicative Constructions written by David A. Peterson and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2007 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the first systematic typological analysis of applicatives across African, American Indian, and East Asian languages. It is also the first to address their functions in discourse, the derivation of their semantic and syntactic properties, and how and why they have changed over time. Applicative constructions are typically described as transitivizing because they allow an intransitive base verb to have a direct object. The term originates from the seventeenth-century missionary grammars of Uto-Aztecan languages. Constructions designated as prepositional, benefactive, and instrumental may refer to the same or similar phenomena. Applicative constructions have been deployed in the development of a range of syntactic theories which have then often been used to explain their functions, usually within the context of Bantu languages. Dr Peterson provides a wealth of cross-linguistic information on discourse-functional, diachronic, and typological aspects of applicative constructions. He documents their unexpected synchronic variety and the diversity of diachronic sources about them. He argues that many standard assumptions about applicatives are unfounded, and provides a clear guide for future language-specific and cross-linguistic research and analysis.
