Download or read book North Korea Sanctions Regulations Us Office of Foreign Assets Control Regulation Ofac 2018 Edition written by The Law The Law Library and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-11-26 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: North Korea Sanctions Regulations (US Office of Foreign Assets Control Regulation) (OFAC) (2018 Edition) The Law Library presents the complete text of the North Korea Sanctions Regulations (US Office of Foreign Assets Control Regulation) (OFAC) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 The Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) is amending the North Korea Sanctions Regulations and reissuing them in their entirety, in order to implement three recent Executive orders and to reference the North Korea Sanctions and Policy Enhancement Act of 2016 and the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act. OFAC is also incorporating several general licenses that have, until now, appeared only on OFAC's website on the North Korea Sanctions page, adding several new general licenses, and adding and expanding provisions to issue a more comprehensive set of regulations that will provide further guidance to the public. Finally, OFAC is updating certain regulatory provisions and making other technical and conforming changes. Due to the number of regulatory sections being updated or added, OFAC is reissuing the North Korea Sanctions Regulations in their entirety. This book contains: - The complete text of the North Korea Sanctions Regulations (US Office of Foreign Assets Control Regulation) (OFAC) (2018 Edition) - A table of contents with the page number of each section

Download or read book Economic Sanctions Against a Nuclear North Korea written by Suk Hi Kim and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2007-08-16 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: United States economic sanctions against North Korea began on June 28, 1950, three days after the outbreak of the Korean War. Since then, the United States, its allies, and the United Nations have increasingly imposed economic sanctions against North Korea in an attempt to destabilize and manipulate the North Korean regime. This book first provides a thorough historical overview of U.S. and U.N. sanctions against North Korea since 1950. Then, several essays propose ways to make such sanctions more politically effective while limiting their harmful humanitarian consequences. Finally, the book discusses the impact of the newest, six-nation agreement signed in February 2007 which would shut down North Korea's nuclear facility in return for economic aid and a security guarantee. Several appendices provide brief guides to the history of North Korea and the country's nuclear weapons program.

Download or read book New Sanctions Against North Korea written by Gisela Grieger and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In January 2016, North Korea conducted its fourth nuclear test, exposing the inability of UN sanctions to prevent the reclusive regime from gradually enhancing its ballistic missile capabilities and miniaturising a nuclear warhead. Despite China's past principled reluctance to agree to UN economic sanctions against its military ally, and its selective implementation of the previous sanctions scheme, which has been widely perceived as the major cause of its ineffectiveness, in March 2016 China endorsed UN Security Council resolution 2270(2016). The latter expands significantly the scope of previous sanctions against North Korea. China's frustration at its lack of leverage over North Korea to prevent it from further escalating regional tensions, combined with the response from Japan, South Korea and the United States, has compelled it to endorse tougher sanctions against North Korea as a means of bringing it back to the negotiation table. However, China has emphasised that stiffer sanctions alone will not be a panacea for the Korean Peninsula's denuclearisation. China plays a vital role in ensuring a meaningful impact of the newly adopted sanctions, given its intense economic relations with North Korea. A consensus between China and the USA on a common approach to North Korea which accommodates their conflicting geostrategic interests would be crucial for engaging North Korea. But given the latter's staunch insistence on its status as a nuclear-armed state, prospects are grim for a resumption of the stalled Six Party Talks to replicate--under much more complex circumstances--what was achieved with Iran in 2015.

Download or read book Sanction Dynamics in the Cases of North Korea Iran and Russia written by Julian Walterskirchen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-29 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the sanction regimes imposed by the United States, the European Union, and the United Nations against Russia, Iran, and North Korea. While the application of sanctions as a foreign policy tool has developed considerably, particularly over the last three decades, their empirically verifiable effects remain contested. Based on detailed empirical evidence, this book investigates the dynamic nature of individual sanctions measures, their multi-layered objectives as a foreign policy tool, their effects on the targeted economies and governments, and how targeted states respond to them. Furthermore, it offers a rare comparative perspective. The book presents a concise summary of the most important aspects and describes some key characteristics that could improve the use of sanctions as a foreign policy tool. This book will appeal to researchers, scholars, and students of international relations, as well as practitioners and policy-makers interested in a better understanding of the effects of sanction regimes and the improvement of sanctions as a foreign policy tool.

Download or read book North Korean Sanctions Evasion Techniques written by King Mallory and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report details the entities involved in North Korea's sanctions evasion activities and sanctions evasion techniques in the areas of hard-currency generation, restricted and dual-use technology acquisition, covert transport, and covert finance.

Download or read book U S and UN Sanctions on North Korea written by Kimberly Holmes and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: North Korea is a closely controlled society, and its regime has taken actions that threaten the United States and other United Nations member states. North Korean tests of nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles have prompted the United States and the UN to impose sanctions on North Korea. This book identifies the activities that are targeted by U.S. and UN sanctions specific to North Korea; describes how the United States implements its sanctions specific to North Korea and examines the challenges it faces in doing so; and describes how the UN implements its sanctions specific to North Korea and examines the challenges it faces in doing so.

Download or read book A Blueprint for New Sanctions on North Korea written by Edward Fishman and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Sanctions have been a long-standing element of U.S. policy toward North Korea. However, prior to 2016, U.S. and international sanctions against North Korea were primarily designed to target specific entities involved in its nuclear and missile programs and its international support networks -- rather than creating broader pressure on the country's economy. This focus began to shift after North Korea's fourth and fifth nuclear tests in 2016, when the U.S. government and its allies began to pivot toward a more muscular response ... Since being sworn in, President Donald Trump has adopted a strong posture toward North Korea, including imposing additional sanctions designations and pushing for a more robust military force posture in Asia. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson and other administration officials have threatened to take additional steps, including imposing broader 'secondary sanctions' that would target Chinese and other foreign companies that continue to trade with North Korea. Even as it pursues a more vigorous pressure strategy, however, the Trump administration has expressed openness to diplomatic negotiations with Pyongyang. Tillerson has stated that the United States would be prepared to engage in diplomacy 'when conditions are right.' As Congress and the executive branch consider ways to combat the North Korean threat, this report offers policymakers an analysis of the situation, an assessment of the successes and failures of sanctions imposed to date, and options for increasing Pyongyang's economic isolation. With enhanced economic leverage, the United States will be better placed to address North Korea's destabilizing influence and lay the table for potential nuclear diplomacy"--Publisher's web site.

Download or read book Sanctions Diplomacy and Information written by Committee on Foreign Affairs House of Representatives and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-01-29 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On September 3rd, 2017, North Korea detonated a nuclear device that, according to news reports, was stronger than all of its previous tests combined. This hydrogen bomb represents the latest advancement in North Korea's long-running nuclear and intercontinental ballistic missile program, which now pose an urgent threat to the United States. Moreover, the apparent speed in which these North Korean advancements have occurred are challenging the security structure across East Asia, creating dangerous instability in the region, and that instability we will likely be dealing with for decades to come. So today, this committee is going to discuss the tools that must be deployed and fully utilized to address these threats. We need to use every ounce of leverage. That leverage includes sanctions, it includes diplomacy, it includes projecting information into North Korea to put maximum pressure on this rogue regime. Time is running out. Sanctions can still have an important impact. North Korea's advanced weapons programs rely on foreign-sourced technology. Much of these programs are made outside the country. North Korea pays an inordinate amount of money, and it has to have hard currency to do it, to run this very expensive ICBM program and this nuclear weapons program. Earlier this year, Treasury sanctioned the Bank of Dandong, a regional Chinese bank. But we must target major Chinese banks doing business with North Korea, such as China Merchants Bank, and even big state-owned banks, like the Agricultural Bank of China. They have a significant presence in the United States. And if they do not stop doing business with North Korea, they should be sanctioned now.

Download or read book State Society and Markets in North Korea written by Andrew Yeo and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-11-04 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under Kim Jong-un, North Korea has experienced growing economic markets, an emerging 'nouveau riche,' and modest levels of urban development. To what extent is North Korean politics and society changing? How has the growth of markets transformed state-society relations? This Element evaluates the shifting relationship between state, society, and markets in a deeply authoritarian context. If the regime implements controlled economic measures, extracts rent, and subsumes the market economy into its ideology, the state will likely retain strong authoritarian control. Conversely, if it fails to incorporate markets into its legitimating message, as private actors build informal trust networks, share information, and collude with state bureaucrats, more fundamental changes in state-society relations are in order. By opening the 'black box' of North Korea, this Element reveals how the country manages to teeter forward, and where its domestic future may lie.

Download or read book Hard Target written by Stephan Haggard and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2017-05-30 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because authoritarian regimes like North Korea can impose the costs of sanctions on their citizens, these regimes constitute "hard targets." Yet authoritarian regimes may also be immune—and even hostile—to economic inducements if such inducements imply reform and opening. This book captures the effects of sanctions and inducements on North Korea and provides a detailed reconstruction of the role of economic incentives in the bargaining around the country's nuclear program. Stephan Haggard and Marcus Noland draw on an array of evidence to show the reluctance of the North Korean leadership to weaken its grip on foreign economic activity. They argue that inducements have limited effect on the regime, and instead urge policymakers to think in terms of gradual strategies. Hard Target connects economic statecraft to the marketization process to understand North Korea and addresses a larger debate over the merits and demerits of "engagement" with adversaries.

Download or read book North Korea written by Congressional Service and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-16 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: U.S. economic sanctions imposed on North Korea are instigated by that country's activities related to weapons proliferation, especially its tests since 2006 of nuclear weapons and missile technology; regional disruptions; terrorism; narcotics trafficking; undemocratic governance; and illicit activities in international markets, including money laundering, counterfeiting of goods and currency, and bulk cash smuggling. Trade is limited to humanitarian-related goods. Imports from North Korea and exports to North Korea of most U.S.-origin goods, services, or technology are prohibited. The Department of Commerce denies export licenses for reasons of nuclear proliferation, missile technology, U.N. Security Council requirements, and international terrorism. Financial transactions are prohibited. U.S. persons are prohibited from providing financial services for the purpose of evading sanctions, or from providing financial services to a person or entity designated for sanctions. The President, in September 2017, authorized the Secretary of the Treasury to designate for sanctions any foreign financial institution that conducts or facilitates "any significant transaction on behalf of any [designated] person," or "in connection with trade with North Korea." North Korea is designated as a jurisdiction of primary money laundering concern by the Department of the Treasury's Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN. U.S. new investment is prohibited, and investment in North Korea's transportation, mining, energy, or financial sectors is prohibited. North Korea is also ineligible to participate in any U.S. government program that makes credit, credit guarantees, or investment guarantees available. Kim Jong-un, the Korean Workers' Party, and others-banks, shipping companies, seagoing vessels, state agencies, and other individuals affiliated with the state's security regime-are identified as being among those engaged in illicit and punishable activities, possibly including nuclear or ballistic missile programs, undermining cybersecurity, censorship, and sanctions evasion. As a result, effective March 15, 2016, any of their assets under U.S. jurisdiction are frozen, and U.S. persons and entities are prohibited from entering into trade and transactions with the designees. From the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950, the United States had imposed fairly comprehensive economic, diplomatic, and political restrictions on North Korea. In 1999, however, President Clinton announced the United States would lift many restrictions on U.S. exports to and imports from North Korea in areas other than those controlled for national security concerns; the Departments of Commerce, Treasury, and Transportation issued new regulations a year later that implemented the new policy. On June 26, 2008, President George W. Bush delisted North Korea as a state sponsor of international terrorism, and removed restrictions based on authorities in the Trading With the Enemy Act and the terrorism designation, replacing them with more circumscribed economic restrictions related to proliferation concerns. The U.S. sanctions are a result of requirements incorporated into U.S. law by Congress, decisions made in the executive branch to exercise discretionary authorities, and obligations placed on member states of the United Nations by the U.N. Security Council. Though the President, in accordance with the Constitution, leads the way in conducting foreign policy, Congress holds substantial power to shape foreign policy by authorizing and funding programs, advising on appointments, and specifically defining the terms of engagement in accordance with U.S. political and strategic interests. This report presents the legislative basis for U.S. sanctions policy toward North Korea. These sanctions are a critical tenet of the larger bilateral relationship, and this report highlights Congress's role and responsibility in determining the nature of U.S.-North Korea relations.

Download or read book North Korea Legislative Basis for U S Economic Sanctions written by Dianne E. Rennack and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book North Korea Sanctions written by United States Government Accountability Office and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-10-05 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: North Korea is a closely controlled society, and its regime has taken actions that threaten the United States and other United Nations member states. North Korean tests of nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles have prompted the United States and the UN to impose sanctions on North Korea. GAO was asked to review U.S. and UN sanctions on North Korea. This report (1) identifies the activities that are targeted by U.S. and UN sanctions specific to North Korea, (2) describes how the United States implements its sanctions specific to North Korea and examines the challenges it faces in doing so, and (3) describes how the UN implements its sanctions specific to North Korea and examines the challenges it faces in doing so. To answer these questions, GAO analyzed documents from the Departments of State, Treasury, and Commerce, and the UN. GAO also interviewed officials from the Departments of State, Treasury, and Commerce, and the UN.

Download or read book The North Korea s Gauntlet International Law and the New Sanctions Imposed by the Security Council written by Leonardo S. Borlini and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Security Council's reaction to the nuclear tests conducted by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK or North Korea) in 2016 through Resolutions 2270 and 2321 have significantly changed the picture of UN sanctions regime against this country and created the most comprehensive, legally-binding, sanctions program imposed against a State since Iraq in the 1990s. While raising questions on their lawfulness under international law, the DPRK's military actions have repeatedly challenged the international community. At the moment of finalising the present article, the situation seems more precarious than ever: despite the severity and comprehensiveness of the sanctions regime, the DPKR's launches of ballistic missiles hit the headlines again, and its military aggressiveness does not appear reversed. The article examines this regime against the background of the Council's past practice and the international rules on non-proliferation, also by discussing legal issues related to the different actions by Pyongyang. Ultimately, it seeks to assess the DPRK's nuclear and ballistic missile tests vis-à-vis relevant international law and to determine the main limitations of the new set of binding obligations placed upon Member States to thwart the “North Korean threat”. For, in order to succeed, sanctions must be capable of coercing their targets into adjusting the particular course of behaviour that, according to the Security Council, poses a threat to international peace and security, the article concludes that the new sanctions regime is still affected by weaknesses that impair its effectiveness.

Download or read book Domestic Constraints on South Korean Foreign Policy written by Scott A. Snyder and published by Council on Foreign Relations. This book was released on 2018-01-01 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These essays support the argument that strong and effective presidential leadership is the most important prerequisite for South Korea to sustain and project its influence abroad. That leadership should be attentive to the need for public consensus and should operate within established legislative mechanisms that ensure public accountability. The underlying structures sustaining South Korea’s foreign policy formation are generally sound; the bigger challenge is to manage domestic politics in ways that promote public confidence about the direction and accountability of presidential leadership in foreign policy.

Download or read book Target Markets written by Andrea Berger and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-07-14 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite sanctions, various actors continue to buy arms from North Korea – and provide funds that could fund its further nuclear and missile development. Target Markets comprehensively analyses the available data on these procurement decisions. It concludes, contrary to conventional wisdom, that the reasons that customers buy weapons and related goods and services from North Korea vary, often greatly. But without more modern goods to sell, North Korea may find its client list start to dwindle.

Download or read book Efficacy of Economic Sanctions written by U. S. Military and published by . This book was released on 2017-03-30 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since World War I, the popularity of using economic sanctions by western nations to influence the behavior of states not conforming to international norms has increased. The end of the Cold War renewed the zeal within the international community and unleashed a wave of new sanctions during the 1990s that earned it the "Sanctions Decade" title. Questions regarding the success of recent sanctions to influence Iraq, Haiti, Iran, and North Korea have fueled the debate among scholars and diplomats regarding the effectiveness of economic sanctions. This paper will summarize some of the key theories of economic sanctions along with criteria for successful implementation as learned from lessons. How sanctions have been applied towards Iran and North Korea will be presented along with an evaluation of their effectiveness to date. These two case studies will be examined by applying theory, practice, and historical context to evaluate and make recommendations regarding the continued use of economic sanctions to persuade North Korea and Iran to abandon their nuclear ambitions. Are economic sanctions useful in forcing the modification of a nation's behavior? Has globalization of the world's economies made sanctions ineffective except in minor disagreements? Are the US and UN left with only the military option to dissuade the proliferation of nuclear weapons? Unfortunately recent cases increasingly indicate that successful application of sanctions is becoming a rare outcome. Economic sanctions are currently the instrument of choice by western nations to influence or modify the behavior of actors deemed not meeting accepted norms set by the international community. The use of sanctions has risen to prominence exponentially since World War I, peaking in the 1990s. This paper will review the relevant theories on the application of economic sanctions as a tool of national power and their effectiveness in achieving success. The theories and lessons will be applied to analyze the effectiveness of the current sanctions imposed against Iran and North Korea in order to identify if success can be expected by maintaining the current course. The commonalities and differences between the two case studies will be highlighted and recommendations to change implementation in order to improve the possibility of success will be provided. Economic Sanction Theory Economic sanctions represent one tool available as nations exercise their instruments of national power, generally categorized in terms of diplomatic, military, informational, and economic, to influence the behavior of other actors in the pursuit of national objectives. The popularity of sanctions has risen in the twentieth century for a variety of reasons. The scar of World War I left many with a desire of never again using military force. World War II, nuclear weapons, and the Cold War provided further incentives to find other tools beside military force. Many saw the collapse of the Soviet Union, leaving the US as the sole remaining super power, as fertile ground for increased use of sanctions.