Download or read book New Research on Cell Aging and Death written by Roman Strakos̆ and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Research on Cell Aging and Death reviews previous literature to describe the main behavioral and biochemical characteristics of the SAMP8 mouse model, discussing its main advantages as well as potential weaknesses to model age-related diseases. The subsequent chapter discusses the effect of the mechanism of cell death of neutrophil granulocytes on the realization of the inflammatory process. Neutrophil granulocytes play a central role in the innate nonspecific defense response of the human organism. In addition, neutrophils infiltrate secondary lymphoid organs where they regulate the development of adaptive immunity. Later, the authors suggest that in C. albicans, apoptotic mechanisms are valuable as major strategies with several characteristics such as phosphatidylserine exposure, DNA fragmentation, and activation of metacaspase. Studying antifungal agents with varying mechanisms of action can be effective in appropriately treating potentially fatal candidiasis. In one study, the authors evaluated the effects of natural and chemical compounds on promoter activities of several human DNA repair-associated genes in HeLa S3 cells. . The results indicated that naturally occurring compounds, for example, trans-resveratrol, upregulate TP53 promoter activity. Sustaining an appropriate level of genes encoding DNA repair factors is thought to be necessary for cell survival by preventing the accumulation of DNA mismatches and epigenetic alterations. The concluding review focuses on the effects of aging on adult neurogenesis, a process of producing new neurons from neural stem cells and neural progenitor cells in the neocortex, comparing the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone.
Download or read book Cellular Aging and Cell Death written by Nikki J. Holbrook and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1995-12-20 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cellular AGING AND CELL DEATH Edited by Nikki J. Holbrook, George R. Martin, and Richard A.Lockshin Cellular Aging and Cell Death provides a thorough understanding ofthe mechanisms responsible for cellular aging, covering the recentresearch on programmed cell death and senescence, and describingtheir role in the control of cell proliferation and the agingprocess. This one-of-a-kind book is the first to combine the twohottest research areas of cell biology into one comprehensivetext. Leading experts contribute to give readers an authoritativeoverview of the distinct fields of cellular aging and programmedcell death, as well as to demonstrate how both fields are criticalto understanding the aging process. They address the large andgrowing interest in apoptosis, especially with regard to themolecular signals that induce and regulate programmed cell death,and the role of apoptosis in a variety of age-associated diseasesand disabilities. Throughout the book, a strong emphasis is placedon the interrelationship of the molecular, cellular, andphysiological aspects of senescence. Individual chapters discuss such topics as the role and regulationof apoptosis in development, the potential impact of cell death onsuch postmitotic tissues as nerve and muscle, and suggest thatprogrammed cell death plays an important role in both pathologicaland nonpathological aspects of aging, including neurodegenerativediseases. One important chapter focuses on the most recent research involvingthe study of telomeres, whose reduction in length with age and celldivision may underlie cellular senescence. The subject of neuronalcell death is also put into the perspective of aging. Cellular Aging and Cell Death bridges the rapidly growing fields ofcellular aging and programmed cell death. This thorough, yetconcise book will be of particular interest to graduate studentsand researchers within the fields of cell and developmentalbiology, neurobiology, immunology, and physiology. Physicians andmedical students involved in the fields of gerontology andpathology will also find this an informative reference.
Download or read book New Research on Cell Aging written by Reginald B. Garvey and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents research on cell growth and the ageing process. Emphasis is given to implications for cancer therapy, abnormal mitosis and aberrant nuclear morphology, neoplastic transformations, negative charges on various malignant cell types.
Download or read book A Means to an End written by William R. Clark and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2002-02-28 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do we age? Is aging inevitable? Will advances in medical knowledge allow us to extend the human lifespan beyond its present limits? Because growing old has long been the one irreducible reality of human existence, these intriguing questions arise more often in the context of science fiction than science fact. But recent discoveries in the fields of cell biology and molecular genetics are seriously challenging the assumption that human lifespans are beyond our control. With such discoveries in mind, noted cell biologist William R. Clark clearly and skillfully describes how senescence begins at the level of individual cells and how cellular replication may be bound up with aging of the entire organism. He explores the evolutionary origin and function of aging, the cellular connections between aging and cancer, the parallels between cellular senescence and Alzheimer's disease, and the insights gained through studying human genetic disorders--such as Werner's syndrome--that mimic the symptoms of aging. Clark also explains how reduction in caloric intake may actually help increase lifespan, and how the destructive effects of oxidative elements in the body may be limited by the consumption of antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables. In a final chapter, Clark considers the social and economic aspects of living longer, the implications of gene therapy on senescence, and what we might learn about aging from experiments in cloning. This is a highly readable, provocative account of some of the most far-reaching and controversial questions we are likely to ask in the next century.
Download or read book The Biology of Death written by André Klarsfeld and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do we die? Do all living creatures share this fate? Is the body's slow degradation with the passage of time unavoidable, or can the secrets of longevity be unlocked? Over the past two decades, scientists studying the workings of genes and cells have uncovered some of the clues necessary to solve these mysteries. In this fascinating and accessible book, two neurobiologists share the often-surprising findings from that research, including the possibility that aging and natural death may not be forever a certainty for most living beings. André Klarsfeld and Frédéric Revah discuss in detail the latest scientific findings and views on death and longevity. They challenge many popular assumptions, such as the idea that the death of individual organisms serves to rejuvenate species or that death and sexual reproduction are necessarily linked. Finally, they describe current experimental approaches to postpone natural death in lower organisms as well as in mammals. Are all organisms that survive until late in life condemned to a "natural" death, as a consequence of aging, even if they live in a well-protected, supportive environment? The variability of the adult life span--from a few hours for some insects to more than a millennium for the sequoia and thirteen times that for certain wild berry bushes--challenges the notion that death is unavoidable. Evolutionary theory helps explain why and how some species have achieved biological mechanisms that seemingly allow them to resist time. Death cannot be understood without looking into cells--the essential building blocks of life. Intriguingly, at the level of cells, death is not always an accident; it is often programmed as an indispensable aspect of life, which benefits the organism as a whole.
Download or read book Cell Ageing and Cell Death written by Ioan Davies and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The phenomenon of cell aging and cell death are of considerable importance in many areas of biology. This joint symposium between the Society for Experimental Biology and the British Society for Research in Ageing considers the topic from an interdisciplinary point of view. The contents range from the initiation of cell senescence and the factors controlling the life span of cells, to the competing theories implicating programmed or accidental sequences of events in the process of cell deterioration. The fundamental nature of the subject will generate interest in the book across a wide range of biological and medical disciplines.
Download or read book Epigenetics of Aging written by Trygve O. Tollefsbol and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-11 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent studies have indicated that epigenetic processes may play a major role in both cellular and organismal aging. These epigenetic processes include not only DNA methylation and histone modifications, but also extend to many other epigenetic mediators such as the polycomb group proteins, chromosomal position effects, and noncoding RNA. The topics of this book range from fundamental changes in DNA methylation in aging to the most recent research on intervention into epigenetic modifications to modulate the aging process. The major topics of epigenetics and aging covered in this book are: 1) DNA methylation and histone modifications in aging; 2) Other epigenetic processes and aging; 3) Impact of epigenetics on aging; 4) Epigenetics of age-related diseases; 5) Epigenetic interventions and aging: and 6) Future directions in epigenetic aging research. The most studied of epigenetic processes, DNA methylation, has been associated with cellular aging and aging of organisms for many years. It is now apparent that both global and gene-specific alterations occur not only in DNA methylation during aging, but also in several histone alterations. Many epigenetic alterations can have an impact on aging processes such as stem cell aging, control of telomerase, modifications of telomeres, and epigenetic drift can impact the aging process as evident in the recent studies of aging monozygotic twins. Numerous age-related diseases are affected by epigenetic mechanisms. For example, recent studies have shown that DNA methylation is altered in Alzheimer’s disease and autoimmunity. Other prevalent diseases that have been associated with age-related epigenetic changes include cancer and diabetes. Paternal age and epigenetic changes appear to have an effect on schizophrenia and epigenetic silencing has been associated with several of the progeroid syndromes of premature aging. Moreover, the impact of dietary or drug intervention into epigenetic processes as they affect normal aging or age-related diseases is becoming increasingly feasible.
Download or read book Degeneration in Miniature written by Lijing Jiang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Once perceived as an unimportant occurrence in living organisms, cell degeneration was reconfigured as an important biological phenomenon in development, aging, health, and diseases in the twentieth century. This dissertation tells a twentieth-century history of scientific investigations on cell degeneration, including cell death and aging. By describing four central developments in cell degeneration research with the four major chapters, I trace the emergence of the degenerating cell as a scientific object, describe the generations of a variety of concepts, interpretations and usages associated with cell death and aging, and analyze the transforming influences of the rising cell degeneration research. Particularly, the four chapters show how the changing scientific practices about cellular life in embryology, cell culture, aging research, and molecular biology of Caenorhabditis elegans shaped the interpretations about cell degeneration in the twentieth-century as life-shaping, limit-setting, complex, yet regulated. These events created and consolidated important concepts in life sciences such as programmed cell death, the Hayflick limit, apoptosis, and death genes. These cases also transformed the material and epistemic practices about the end of cellular life subsequently and led to the formations of new research communities. The four cases together show the ways cell degeneration became a shared subject between molecular cell biology, developmental biology, gerontology, oncology, and pathology of degenerative diseases. These practices and perspectives created a special kind of interconnectivity between different fields and led to a level of interdisciplinarity within cell degeneration research by the early 1990s.
Download or read book Genes Aging and Immortality written by Charlotte Spencer and published by Pearson. This book was released on 2006 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This booklet answers questions about the mysteries of aging and the search for immortality. It describes some of the current progress in the scientific study of aging and explores social and ethical questions surrounding the real possibility of human lifespan extension.
Download or read book Prolongevity written by Albert Rosenfeld and published by Knopf Books for Young Readers. This book was released on 1976 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Descriptions of experiments, interviews with key researchers, and explanations of underlying theories comprise reportage on new discoveries and implications involving the probable slowing down and probable reversal of the aging process.
Download or read book Times Cells and Aging written by Bernard Strihler and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1977-01-28 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Time, Cells, and Aging, 2nd Edition presents the mechanics of cell function and the relevant implications of the molecular-genetic view to the aging phenomena. This book explores the biology of the aging process. Comprised of 11 chapters, this edition starts with an overview of the causes and mechanisms underlying the gradual deterioration of structure and function characteristics of aging. This text then examines the two aspects of the behavior of man, including the reasoned conscious behavior and the greater dependence on reaction patterns predicted on the successful responses of the past. Other chapters explore the relationship between aging and mortality rate in animals, which is a result of an organism's deceasing ability to function optimally in carrying out his vital functions. The final chapter deals with the implementation of a research plan relevant to understanding the primary mechanisms of the aging process. This book is a valuable resource for gerontologists, biologists, and molecular biologists.
Download or read book Stem Cells and Aging written by Surajit Pathak and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-03-17 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem Cells and Aging covers what is known about the effect of time and age on the basic units of life, which are the corresponding tissue-specific or adult stem cells. Even though the concept of stem cells was introduced nearly a century ago by Alexander Maximow, modern stem-cell research began in 1963 when James Till, Ernest McCullough and Lou Siminovitch established assays to detect hematopoietic stem cells. In fact, given the importance of the aging-associated diseases, scientists have developed a keen interest in understanding the aging process as they attempt to define the role of dysfunctional stem cells in the aging process. With an aging population worldwide, understanding these age-related stem cell changes at a basic biology level and at the level of their influences for regenerative medicine is of interest and importance. There is increasing evidence that the aging process can have much adverse effects on stem cells. In the modern era, one of the emerging fields in treating human diseases is stem cell research, as stem cells have the remarkable potential to treat a wide range of diseases. Nevertheless, understanding the molecular mechanism involved in aging and deterioration of stem cell function is crucial in developing effective new therapies for aging. Serves as an ideal reference to guide investigators toward valuable answers to the problems of our aging population Addresses the effect of time and age on human stem cells Includes chapters from contributors exploring the biology of stem cell aging around the globe
Download or read book The Biology of Senescence written by Alex Comfort and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2010-11-25 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Biology of Senescence
Download or read book Dissecting Cell Death Cellular Senescence and Aging with Genetic Screens written by Alexander James Colville and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forward genetic screens identifying long-lived mutants catalyzed a revolution in aging research. A decade later a second wave of research, spurred by the methodological development of unbiased genome-scale RNAi screens, pushed beyond the identification of individual longevity genes and began to describe genetic and molecular pathways that regulate aging. The discovery of CRISPR-Cas9 technology and its application in genetic screening has just begun to further advance the aging field. An evolving therapeutic strategy for age-related disease involves the selective ablation, using small molecule "senolytics", of senescent cells, which accumulate both with age and in certain pathologies. While a promising therapeutic approach, current senolytic agents are limited to local administration due to their side effects and potency. Genetic CRISPR screens could be applied to senescent cells and help identify improved senolytics, however current screening methodology is not optimized for studying genes which regulate cell death or for non-dividing cell types. Forward genetic screens have not been widely implemented for non-dividing, primary, post-mitotic, or quiescent cell types as many forward genetic screens often require cell sorting or growth-based phenotypes, both of which could be impossible in many cell types. Furthermore, millions of cells are required for sufficient coverage in traditional screens and this scale of experiment is prohibitively expensive and challenging with many specialized cell types. Here, I present new technology to improve the ability of genetic screening to study cell death and bring the power of CRISPR screening to disease-relevant cell types. This technique enables discovery of the molecular mechanisms of cell death subroutines with enhanced signal-to-noise ratios and could help identify drug targets for varied pathological states, such as cancer and neurodegeneration. I have applied this technology in the context of cellular senescence to discover genetic modifiers of senolytics, demonstrate a combination of senolytic drug targets which act synergistically, and provide proof-of-concept that this synergistic senolytic drug combination clears senescent cells in vivo to ameliorate age-related pathology. Chapter 2 introduces this optimized genetic screening methodology, termed "Death-seq", for modifiers of cell death and applies it in a genome-wide screen studying the senolytic agent ABT-263. Chapter 3 demonstrates the ability of Death-seq to find senolytic modifiers with other drugs beyond ABT-263, including drugs which induce negligible cell death on their own, to demonstrate the importance of the drug target SMAC. Chapter 4 details the fact that the BH3 mimetics ABT-263 and ABT-199 act synergistically with SMAC mimetics to selectively ablate senescent cells. Chapter 5 demonstrates that the combination of ABT-199 and the SMAC mimetic birinapant enables the clearance of senescent cells in vivo in mice systemically and ameliorates aspects of certain models of age-related pathology. Overall, these chapters demonstrate the ability of the new genetic screening methodology, Death-seq, to identify modifiers of cell death and show proof-of-concept for this method's ability to discover novel approaches in the context of cellular senescence with therapeutic potential for age-related disease.
Download or read book Cells and Surveys written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-01-19 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What can social science, and demography in particular, reasonably expect to learn from biological information? There is increasing pressure for multipurpose household surveys to collect biological data along with the more familiar interviewer-respondent information. Given that recent technical developments have made it more feasible to collect biological information in non-clinical settings, those who fund, design, and analyze survey data need to think through the rationale and potential consequences. This is a concern that transcends national boundaries. Cells and Surveys addresses issues such as which biologic/genetic data should be collected in order to be most useful to a range of social scientists and whether amassing biological data has unintended side effects. The book also takes a look at the various ethical and legal concerns that such data collection entails.
Download or read book The Telomere Effect written by Dr. Elizabeth Blackburn and published by Grand Central Publishing. This book was released on 2017-01-03 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The New York Times bestselling book coauthored by the Nobel Prize winner who discovered telomerase and telomeres' role in the aging process and the health psychologist who has done original research into how specific lifestyle and psychological habits can protect telomeres, slowing disease and improving life. Have you wondered why some sixty-year-olds look and feel like forty-year-olds and why some forty-year-olds look and feel like sixty-year-olds? While many factors contribute to aging and illness, Dr. Elizabeth Blackburn discovered a biological indicator called telomerase, the enzyme that replenishes telomeres, which protect our genetic heritage. Dr. Blackburn and Dr. Elissa Epel's research shows that the length and health of one's telomeres are a biological underpinning of the long-hypothesized mind-body connection. They and other scientists have found that changes we can make to our daily habits can protect our telomeres and increase our health spans (the number of years we remain healthy, active, and disease-free). The Telemere Effect reveals how Blackburn and Epel's findings, together with research from colleagues around the world, cumulatively show that sleep quality, exercise, aspects of diet, and even certain chemicals profoundly affect our telomeres, and that chronic stress, negative thoughts, strained relationships, and even the wrong neighborhoods can eat away at them. Drawing from this scientific body of knowledge, they share lists of foods and suggest amounts and types of exercise that are healthy for our telomeres, mind tricks you can use to protect yourself from stress, and information about how to protect your children against developing shorter telomeres, from pregnancy through adolescence. And they describe how we can improve our health spans at the community level, with neighborhoods characterized by trust, green spaces, and safe streets. The Telemere Effect will make you reassess how you live your life on a day-to-day basis. It is the first book to explain how we age at a cellular level and how we can make simple changes to keep our chromosomes and cells healthy, allowing us to stay disease-free longer and live more vital and meaningful lives.
Download or read book Ageless written by Andrew Steele and published by Anchor. This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “A fascinating look at how scientists are working to help doctors treat the aging process itself, helping us all to lead longer, healthier lives.” —Sanjay Gupta, MD Aging—not cancer, not heart disease—is the underlying cause of most human death and suffering. The same cascade of biological changes that renders us wrinkled and gray also opens the door to dementia and disease. We work furiously to conquer each individual disease, but we never think to ask: Is aging itself necessary? Nature tells us it is not: there are tortoises and salamanders who are spry into old age and whose risk of dying is the same no matter how old they are, a phenomenon known as “biological immortality.” In Ageless, Andrew Steelecharts the astounding progress science has made in recent years to secure the same for humans: to help us become old without getting frail, to live longer without ill health or disease.