Download or read book New Methodology for the Assessment of Decayed Utility Wood Poles Using Ultrasonic Testing written by Fernando J. Tallavó and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wood is one of the oldest and most common material used in construction. Since the beginning of the electrification in Canada in late 19th-century, wood poles have been widely used to provide structural support to electric transmission and distribution lines. For example, electrical network in Ontario has over 2 millions distribution poles across the province. Wood poles are typically exposed to severe environmental conditions, which cause deterioration due to wood rotting, insect attack, and weathering. The wood deterioration resulting in loss of strength can compromise the structural integrity of poles. Typical life expectancy of wood varies from 35 to 50 years depending on the environmental condition and type of wood. Electrical distribution infrastructure in Canada is aging. For example, the average age of in-service wood poles in Ontario is estimated to be 29 years with a standard deviation of 15 years. About 300,000 wood poles have been in-service for more than 45 years, which are rapidly reaching to end of expected service life. Different types of non-destructive testing (NDT) methods have been historically used for the condition assessment of wood poles. However, current methods are based on simple concepts that do not consider the variations of wave velocity and wave attenuation in an orthotropic material. The goal of this research investigation is to develop an advanced and reliable NDT technique for in-situ inspection and assessment of wood poles in order to remove unsafe poles from service, extend the service life of sound poles, and support optimum replacement strategies for the renewal of wood pole infrastructure. The thesis presents a new methodology for condition assessment of wood poles using ultrasonic testing based on theoretical, numerical, and experimental studies. The research covers areas such as signal processing, dynamic characterization, statistical reliability analysis, numerical simulations, and laboratory testing.
Download or read book New Methodology for the Assessment of Decayed Utility Wood Poles written by Fernando J. Tallavó and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wood is one of the oldest and most common material used in construction. Since the beginning of the electrification in Canada in late 19th-century, wood poles have been widely used to provide structural support to electric transmission and distribution lines. For example, electrical network in Ontario has over 2 millions distribution poles across the province. Wood poles are typically exposed to severe environmental conditions, which cause deterioration due to wood rotting, insect attack, and weathering. The wood deterioration resulting in loss of strength can compromise the structural integrity of poles. Typical life expectancy of wood varies from 35 to 50 years depending on the environmental condition and type of wood. Electrical distribution infrastructure in Canada is aging. For example, the average age of in-service wood poles in Ontario is estimated to be 29 years with a standard deviation of 15 years. About 300,000 wood poles have been in-service for more than 45 years, which are rapidly reaching to end of expected service life. Different types of non-destructive testing (NDT) methods have been historically used for the condition assessment of wood poles. However, current methods are based on simple concepts that do not consider the variations of wave velocity and wave attenuation in an orthotropic material. The goal of this research investigation is to develop an advanced and reliable NDT technique for in-situ inspection and assessment of wood poles in order to remove unsafe poles from service, extend the service life of sound poles, and support optimum replacement strategies for the renewal of wood pole infrastructure. The thesis presents a new methodology for condition assessment of wood poles using ultrasonic testing based on theoretical, numerical, and experimental studies. The research covers areas such as signal processing, dynamic characterization, statistical reliability analysis, numerical simulations, and laboratory testing.
Download or read book Detection and Assessment of Wood Decay Glulam Beams and Wooden Utility Poles written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Non destructive Evaluation of Wood Utility Poles Using Computed Axial Tomography Imaging written by Howard David Thomas and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of the more than 130 million wooden utility poles in service, there are approximately 2 million that are replaced annually. A quick, yet accurate non-destructive method of evaluation of the in-service poles could provide substantial savings by reducing both the number of replacements and the number of failures. Research has been conducted to determine the possible use of Computerized Axial Tomography or CAT Imaging for pole evaluation. This involved correlating actual physical strengths determined by destructive testing with predicted strengths that were calculated using basic laws of material behavior and the cross-sectional scan image of wood density values that were measured using the prototype CAT scanner. The statistical analysis of the correlation between the measured and predicted strengths used a data set of 31 pole specimens. A predictive model was developed assuming several different relationships between wood density and the assumed stress vs. strain diagrams. The predictive model also made adjustments for areas of decay and the average moisture content of the wood specimens. The most accurate predictive model developed had average error of estimate of approximately 24% and a coefficient of variation for the difference between the measured and predicted values of approximately 21%.
Download or read book Evaluation and Upgrading of Wood Structures written by Vijay K. A. Gopu and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers a collection of papers, which deal with a variety of case studies to serve as a reference for practicing structural engineers. Cases involving the restoration of hangars, upgrading of wood trusses, epoxy repair of timber beams, nondestructive testing of piles and structural elements, and decay in wood structures are covered.
Download or read book Nondestructive Evaluation of Wood written by Forest Service (U S ) and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2015 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nature's engineering of wood through genetics, wind, and weather creates a wide variability in wood as a material. Consequently, manufacture and users of wood products are frequently frustrated in dealing with the forest resource. Manufacturers sometimes argue that wood is difficult to consistently process into quality products because of the wide range of properties that exist in this raw material. Users of wood products can be equally frustrated with the performance variability found in finished products. Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technologies have contributed significantly toward eliminating the cause of these frustrations. NDE technologies have been developed and are currently used in lumber and veneer grading programs that result in engineered materials that have consistent well-defined performance characteristics. This brief volume explores some of the processes that are used to manufacture wood, including green wood technology and provides a bit of history to wood production and its uses too. Other products that may interest you from the US Forest Service can be found at this link: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/agency/819
Download or read book Wood Microbiology written by Robert A. Zabel and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-03-04 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wood Microbiology, Second Edition, presents the latest advances in wood decay and its prevention. Coverage includes classification of fungi and bacteria, factors affecting growth and survival, fungal metabolism, and wood chemistry. There are also chapters that focus on the anatomical aspects, chemical changes, and ultrastructural effects of wood decay. Additionally, this book discusses major issues associated with wood decay, detecting decay, and how to take protective action against it. This is a one-stop reference resource for wood scientists, wood processing and preserving professionals, foresters and forest pathologists, as well as students of forestry, and wood science and technology courses. It is authored by two leading experts with over 80 years of experience working with timber durability. Provides updated taxonomy and classification of decay groups Presents detailed descriptions of anatomical, chemical, and ultrastructural aspects of wood decay Includes discussions on major issues associated with decay, how to detect decay and preventative measures
Download or read book Effect of Woodpecker Damage and Wood Decay on Wood Utility Pole Strength written by Mark C. Steenhof and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In many regions of North America, Europe, and Australia, wood utility poles are used as main and secondary structural members for the support of electrical distribution and transmission lines. In the province of Ontario alone there are over 40000 H-frame, 6000 Gulfport, and thousands of single pole structures constructed of over 2 million wood utility poles (Pandey et al. 2010b). Currently, utility companies report an increasing number of woodpecker damage incidents on in-service utility poles (HONI 2010). In addition, many aging poles have woodpecker damage in combination with wood decay. Both these forms of degradation cause strength reductions in utility poles, making their structural integrity questionable. This has raised concerns regarding the safety of utility maintenance workers and the public, and the dependability of the electrical network. In response to these concerns, Hydro One Networks Incorporated (HONI) initiated a research project on the effect of woodpecker damage and wood decay on wood utility pole strength. The objective of the research was to develop methods of quantifying the strength reduction caused by woodpecker damage and wood decay. This information was then used to develop in-service assessment methods for determination of whether pole replacement is necessary when specific levels of woodpecker damage and wood decay are present. By developing better assessment methods, in-service utility poles will not be unnecessarily replaced, reducing maintenance costs.
Download or read book Wood Protection and Preservation written by Christian Brischke and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-10 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wood is an advantageous building material in many respects, but it is biodegradable and therefore requires protection when used in highly hazardous applications. This Special Issue comprises 19 papers by authors from 14 countries in Asia, North America and Europe. They represent a wide range of aspects related to wood protection and wood preservation, and give timely examples of research activities that can be observed around the globe. Several authors reported on the processes of thermal modification and different chemical wood modification techniques, which are among the latest alternative wood protection methods without the use of biocides. New preservatives and assessment methods of preservative-treated wood products are presented, as well as studies on the natural durability of wood, fire-retardant treated wood, the effect of concrete on wood durability and different novel surface modification techniques using plasma. In addition to biological durability, the mechanical properties, moisture performance, bonding properties, weathering stability and the corrosiveness of differently treated wood are investigated and reported within this Special Issue. Examples of research on fungal biology, service life planning with wood and test methodology are also included and complete the Special Issue.
Download or read book The Acoustics of Wood 1995 written by Voichita Bucur and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acoustics of Wood offers a detailed treatment of numerous topics that are valuable to those working with wood in architecture, engineering, acoustics, and the crafting of musical instruments. It presents a comprehensive account of the progress and current knowledge concerning wood acoustics, outlining the anatomy and physiology of wood and the specific applications in which its acoustic properties are relevant. Acoustics of Wood reviews state-of-the-art measurement systems and includes material that has not been widely published. Divided into three main parts, the book describes environmental acoustics, presents acoustics methods for the characterization of the elastic behavior of wood, and discusses acoustic methods for the assessment of wood quality.
Download or read book Asset Intelligence through Integration and Interoperability and Contemporary Vibration Engineering Technologies written by Joseph Mathew and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-11 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings include a collection of papers on a range of topics presented at the 12th World Congress on Engineering Asset Management (WCEAM) in Brisbane, 2 – 4 August 2017. Effective strategies are required for managing complex engineering assets such as built environments, infrastructure, plants, equipment, hardware systems and components. Following the release of the ISO 5500x set of standards in 2014, the 12th WCEAM addressed important issues covering all aspects of engineering asset management across various sectors including health. The topics discussed by the congress delegates are grouped into a number of tracks, including strategies for investment and divestment of assets, operations and maintenance of assets, assessment of assets’ health conditions, risk and vulnerability, technologies, and systems for management of assets, standards, education, training and certification.
Download or read book Development of a Vibration based Non destructive Testing Method for In service Utility Poles written by Mohammadhadi Jalali Nodoushan and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wooden utility poles for electric networks are widely used, with approximately two million poles in North America. A reliable and cost-effective non-destructive testing (NDT) method is necessary for strength evaluation during the life span of the poles. To improve an emerging modal testing-based NDT method, this thesis develops a novel method to measure natural frequencies and damping ratios of poles even though they are connected to conductors. This thesis makes contributions to the wood pole NDT state of the art in two major areas - analytical and numerical modeling of pole-cable systems, and frequency-domain decoupling methods to identify pole properties despite their connection to cables. Improved analytical models of the "cable-beam" system were developed in order to understand the coupled vibration behavior of the system. Bending stiffness and sag of the cable were considered in the modeling and the effects of them on vibration behavior of the system was studied. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional dynamic models using bond graph method were developed for vibration of stranded cables and vibration of the cable-beam system. The models were verified by experiments in free and forced vibration. The second contribution area is the development of substructure decoupling-related methods to decouple the beam frequency response function (FRF) from the assembled cable-beam system. The FRF of the beam was obtained as an independent substructure after decoupling analysis and the FRF was compared to the directly measured FRF from modal testing of the beam substructure. A good agreement showed that the substructure decoupling method can be used to filter out the effects of cables from the assembled system in cabled structures, assuming that all points in the system are accessible for measurement. An FRF-based finite element model updating was then developed to overcome the practical limitation of accessing some measurement points in the field. The FRFs of accessible points were used as a basis for updating the FE model and then the FRFs of inaccessible points were obtained from the updated (optimized) FE model. A substructural damage detection was also developed for the systems that consist of a few substructures but only the main (target) substructure is susceptible to damage. In the developed method, FRF of the main substructure is first obtained using the substructure decoupling method and then FRF-based finite element model updating is used for damage detection, localization and quantification. The method was successfully able to identify location and magnitude of damage, which was modeled as a localized reduced stiffness due to material degradation or cracking. Finally, in support of the larger ongoing NDT research project, full-scale pole modal testing was done in the field. In-ground pole FRF's with and without cables were generated, for future use in model validation. In-ground poles without cables were subjected to modal testing, and then brought to the lab for modal and destructive testing. The differences in the resulting FRF's allow future simulation-based prediction of the foundation properties, and the destructive tests have added to the research group's database for correlation of modal properties and pole strength.
Download or read book Journal of Acoustic Emission written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the Symposium on Current Research on Wood destroying Organisms and Future Prospects for Protecting Wood in Use written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Longitudinal Nondestructive Evaluation of New Wood Utility Poles written by Ronald W. Anthony and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wood Protection written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Non destructive Assessment of Wood Poles written by Krishnasamy, S. G and published by Montréal : Canadian Electrical Association. This book was released on 1992 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Different aspects of a wood pole assessment program developed by the Mechanical Research Department of Ontario Hydro are described. Details are presented on Ontario Hydro's activities in destructive and non-destructive wood pole testing, methods of pole assessment, and field applications of the program. Ontario Hydro's involvement in technology transfer and assistance to other utilities in developing similar assessment programs are outlined. A brief description of a joint project with a Toronto utility to assess wood distribution poles is presented.
