Download or read book New Insights Into Homogeneous lactam Resistance in Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus MRSA Clinical Strains written by Konrad Bogdan Plata and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA New Insights for the Healthcare Professional 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-12-10 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): New Insights for the Healthcare Professional / 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The editors have built Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): New Insights for the Healthcare Professional / 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): New Insights for the Healthcare Professional / 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Download or read book Insights Into Drug Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus written by and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-12-08 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Staphylococcus aureus is a coccus, gram-positive, non-spore forming, and non-motile bacterium. Its commensal and opportunistic capabilities make it able to colonize different sites of animals and humans. Resistance to antibiotics has resulted in development of new strains and new types within strains. Types of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) include hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA), community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA), and livestock-acquired MRSA (LA-MRSA). There are also new strains like vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) and vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA). Expansion in resistance is expected to give rise to newer strains resistant to antibiotics such as macrolide (erm gene), tetracycline (tet genes), mupirocin (mupR), and fusidic acid (fusD). Alternative approaches like nanoparticles, bacteriophages, phytochemicals, and more are required to tackle this pathogen. This book contains information on epidemiology, resistance mechanisms, and alternative ways to curtail S. aureus infection, as well as future research opportunities.

Download or read book Beta lactam Resistance and Novel Therapeutics for Staphylococcus Aureus written by Liana Chan and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract [beta]-Lactam Resistance and Novel Therapeutics for Staphylococcus aureus by Liana Celene Chan Doctor of Philosophy in Infectious Diseases & Immunity University of California, Berkeley Professor George Sensabaugh, Chair Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen capable of causing disease in otherwise healthy individuals. It causes mostly skin and soft tissue infections but can cause more invasive diseases. Treatment for S. aureus has become a problem due to increasing resistance and limited new therapeutics, particularly for more serious infections. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) displays class resistance to [beta]-lactam antibiotics through the presence of penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), encoded by mecA. Chapter 1 contains a thorough literature review on MRSA and antibiotic resistance, including epidemiology, therapeutic options, mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, modes of resistance acquisition and S. aureus animal models. MRSA has a great capacity to rapidly develop antibiotic resistance, defined as the ability of bacteria to resist a drug to which it was originally sensitive. Limited antibiotics are approved for severe MRSA infections including vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid and ceftaroline. Resistance to these drugs almost always occurs in MRSA backgrounds rather than methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) backgrounds. Invasive MRSA infections have been associated with treatment failure and increased risk of mortality. The development of new antibiotics is of utmost importance. This dissertation encompasses the following areas of research: i) ability of S. aureus to develop resistance to new [beta]-lactam antibiotics, ii) potential pathways to prevent antibiotic resistance and iii) efficacy studies of a new antibiotic as a potential alternative for MRSA treatment. Ceftobiprole and ceftaroline, members of a new class of [beta]-lactams, target PBP2a with high affinity, the core component of [beta]-lactam resistance in MRSA strains. Ceftobiprole is in phase 3 clinical trials while ceftaroline has been FDA approved. The goal of Chapters 2 and 3 was to identify mechanisms of resistance and likely targets associated with resistance. Chapter 2 determined resistance could be generated to ceftobiprole and ceftaroline by passaging MRSA strains in increasing concentrations of antibiotic. The mechanism of resistance in these mutants was mutagenesis of mecA and mutations in other PBPs. Chapter 3 analyzed mecA-independent mechanisms of resistance to determine the affect of these antibiotics in the absence of PBP2a. MRSA strains cured of SCCmec were passaged in ceftaroline and ceftobiprole, resulting in mutants with high-level, broad-spectrum [beta]-lactam resistance. These mutants have mutations in pbp4 and other genes as well as upregulaed pbp4 mRNA levels in some mutants. Knowledge gained from these studies will provide information on novel mechanisms of [beta]-lactam resistance and will guide development of new antibiotics. Chapter 4 is dedicated to exploring the role of the SOS stress response in antibiotic resistance. The SOS response is a stress response regulated by LexA, a transcriptional repressor, and RecA, activator of LexA. When bacteria are exposed to stimuli that break DNA (e.g. UV, antibiotics, etc.), RecA activates LexA, causing derepression of the SOS genes, including error-prone polymerases that increase mutational frequencies. [beta]-lactams have been shown to activate the SOS response in certain strains but not in a prevalent community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) background. Given the increasing prevalence of CA-MRSA strains and [beta]-lactam resistance, exposure of MRSA to [beta]-lactams could potentially activate the SOS response resulting in increased antibiotic resistance. The goal of this chapter is to test the role of the SOS response in antibiotic resistance with [beta]-lactam induction in CA-MRSA. To test this hypothesis, a non-cleavable lexA mutant was created, which constitutively represses the SOS response. The results of this study indicate that, in the USA300 background, the SOS response was not solely responsible for increased antibiotic resistance and suggests that this pathway might not be a good therapeutic target to decrease emergence of resistance in CA-MRSA strains. Chapter 5 explores recently discovered options in the presence of ceftaroline-resistance or [beta]-lactam intolerance. Given the emergence of strains resistant to antibiotics used for severe MRSA infections including vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid and ceftaroline, new therapeutics are needed. Tedizolid phosphate is a second-generation oxazolidinone in late stage clinical development with activity against MRSA. The goal of this chapter is to test the efficacy of tedizolid phosphate in an animal model of invasive MRSA infection. Tedizolid phosphate was compared to standard of care antibiotics used to treat MRSA bacteremia, vancomycin and daptomycin, in a rabbit model of endocarditis. At high doses, tedizolid phosphate was non-inferior to vancomycin. At doses achieving serum concentrations similar to human doses, tedizolid phosphate was not as efficacious as vancomycin or daptomycin. Our results suggest tedizolid phosphate is ineffective at treating severe infections, such as MRSA endocarditis, compared to vancomycin. The dissertation confirms the ability of S. aureus to develop resistance to new antibiotics and further describes the difficulty in developing efficacious new therapies. Discovering mechanisms of resistance will provide knowledge for potential new anti-MRSA therapeutics.

Download or read book New Insights Updates on The Molecular Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance of MRSA in Humans in the Whole Genome Sequencing Era written by David Coleman and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-07-11 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have been a major cause of healthcare-associated (HA) infection globally for several decades. During this time many distinct clones have emerged independently around the world, some of which have achieved pandemic status. More recently, community-associated (CA) and livestock-associated MRSA clones have also emerged, some of which have become established in hospitals and other healthcare facilities, and sometimes have displaced previously predominant HA clones. Importantly, MRSA can frequently exhibit resistance to a wide range of clinically relevant antibiotics, which limits treatment options and complicates patient management and outcomes. Investigating routes of transmission and spread of MRSA in healthcare facilities have conventionally been undertaken by combining available epidemiological information with data from DNA-based typing systems such as pulse-field gel electrophoresis typing, spa typing, multilocus sequence typing, and more recently, DNA microarray profiling. However, these approaches can frequently lack the discriminatory ability to differentiate between MRSA isolates in healthcare environments where a relatively small number of clones may predominate. The advent of high-throughput whole genome sequencing (WGS) over the last decade with the development of affordable, easy-to-use benchtop DNA sequencing platforms, associated sequencing chemistry and bioinformatics tools, has revolutionized studies of MRSA epidemiology and evolution. The significantly enhanced discriminatory power and resolution afforded by WGS has also provided hitherto unimaginable insights into the origins, emergence and factors that drive the evolution of specific MRSA clones. Furthermore, WGS has highlighted the very significant contributions of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) encoding virulence factors and resistance genes from coagulase-negative staphylococcal (CoNS) species to the emergence and evolution of MRSA. This Research Topic brings together a collection of original research articles and up-to-date reviews that highlight the significant impact WGS is having on our understanding of the epidemiology and routes of transmission of HA- and CA-MRSA in humans and the phylogenetics and evolution of specific MRSA clones. The Research Topic also highlights the impact that WGS is having on our understanding of antimicrobial resistance in MRSA by acquisition of MGEs and the role of specific CoNS species in the origins and evolution of particular MGEs that can promote the survival of MRSA following acquisition. Finally, the Research Topic highlights the immense potential impact of WGS technology in surveillance, rapid pathogen detection, identification of virulence factor profiles and antibiotic resistance genotypes, possibly from clinical samples directly.

Download or read book Coagulase negative Staphylococci written by Per-Anders Mårdh and published by Coronet Books. This book was released on 1986 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Antibiotic Discovery and Development written by Thomas J. Dougherty and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-12-18 with total page 1119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers all aspects of the antibiotic discovery and development process through Phase II/III. The contributors, a group of highly experienced individuals in both academics and industry, include chapters on the need for new antibiotic compounds, strategies for screening for new antibiotics, sources of novel synthetic and natural antibiotics, discovery phases of lead development and optimization, and candidate compound nominations into development. Beyond discovery , the handbook will cover all of the studies to prepare for IND submission: Phase I (safety and dose ranging), progression to Phase II (efficacy), and Phase III (capturing desired initial indications). This book walks the reader through all aspects of the process, which has never been done before in a single reference. With the rise of antibiotic resistance and the increasing view that a crisis may be looming in infectious diseases, there are strong signs of renewed emphasis in antibiotic research. The purpose of the handbook is to offer a detailed overview of all aspects of the problem posed by antibiotic discovery and development.

Download or read book Antimicrobial Therapy I written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Rise of Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus written by Shymaa Enany and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-03-08 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Staphylococcus aureus S. aureus is a growing issue both within hospitals and community because of its virulence determinants and the continuing emergence of new strains resistant to antimicrobiotics. In this book, we present the state of the art of S. aureus virulence mechanisms and antibiotic-resistance profiles, providing an unprecedented and comprehensive collection of up-to-date research about the evolution, dissemination, and mechanisms of different staphylococcal antimicrobial resistance patterns alongside bacterial virulence determinants and their impact in the medical field. We include several review chapters to allow readers to better understand the mechanisms of methicillin resistance, glycopeptide resistance, and horizontal gene transfer and the effects of alterations in S. aureus membranes and cell walls on drug resistance. In addition, we include chapters dedicated to unveiling S. aureus pathogenicity with the most current research available on S. aureus exfoliative toxins, enterotoxins, surface proteins, biofilm, and defensive responses of S. aureus to antibiotic treatment.

Download or read book Gram positive Pathogens written by Vincent A. Fischetti and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the only single volume to deal with all aspects of gram–positive pathogens. It addresses the mechanisms of gram–positive bacterial pathogenicity, including the current knowledge on gram–positive structure and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Emphasizing streptococci, staphylococci, listeria, and spore–forming pathogens, Gram–Positive Pathogens includes chapters written by many of the leading researchers in these areas. The chapters systematically dissect these organisms biologically, genetically, and immunologically in an attempt to understand the strategies used by these bacteria to cause human disease.

Download or read book Antimicrobial Resistance written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-06-13 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antibiotic resistance is neither a surprising nor a new phenomenon. It is an increasingly worrisome situation, however, because resistance is growing and accelerating while the world's tools for combating it decrease in power and number. In addition, the cost of the problemâ€"especially of multidrug resistanceâ€"in terms of money, mortality, and disability are also rising. This book summarizes a workshop on antimicrobial resistance held by the Forum on Emerging Infections. The goal of the Forum on Emerging Infections is to provide an opportunity for representatives of academia, industry, government, and professional and interest groups to examine and discuss scientific and policy dilemmas of common interest that are specifically related to research on and the prevention, detection, and management of emerging infections. Organized as a topic-by-topic synthesis of presentations and exchanges during the workshop, the book highlights lessons learned, delineates a range of pivotal issues and the problems they raise, and proposes some simplified ideas about possible responses.

Download or read book Antibiotic Resistance Methods and Protocols written by Stephen H. Gillespie and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-01 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At a time of rising concern about drug resistance and falling output of new antibacterial compounds, antibiotic research has once again returned to the forefront of medical science. In Antibiotic Resistance: Methods and Protocols, Stephen Gillespie and a panel of leading clinical and diagnostic microbiologists describe a series of detailed molecular and physical methods designed to study the growing problem of antibiotic resistance, as well as facilitate new antibiotic research programs for its effective redress. The techniques range widely from those that provide rapid diagnosis via DNA amplification and phage display, to those for plotting the transmission of resistant organisms and investigating their epidemiology. The methods are readily adaptable to a wide range of resistant bacterial organisms. In order to ensure successful results, each method is described in minute detail and includes tips on avoiding pitfalls. Practical and wide-ranging, Antibiotic Resistance: Methods and Protocols provides a collection of indispensable techniques not only for illuminating the basic biology of antimicrobial resistance, but also for developing and implementing new diagnostic and epidemiological tools.

Download or read book MRCOG Part One written by Alison Fiander and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-10-13 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fully updated and illustrated handbook providing comprehensive coverage of all curriculum areas covered by the MRCOG Part 1 examination.

Download or read book Infections in Pregnancy written by Adel Elkady and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-10-24 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides effective diagnosis and management of infectious diseases in pregnant women in a single comprehensive available resource for busy clinicians.

Download or read book Principles and Practice of Clinical Bacteriology written by Stephen Gillespie and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-05-12 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the publication of the last edition of Principles and Practice of Clinical Bacteriology, our understanding of bacterial genetics and pathogenicity has been transformed due to the availability of whole genome sequences and new technologies such as proteomics and transcriptomics. The present, completely revised second edition of this greatly valued work has been developed to integrate this new knowledge in a clinically relevant manner. Principles and Practice of Clinical Bacteriology, Second Edition, provides the reader with invaluable information on the parasitology, pathogenesis, epidemiology and treatment strategies for each pathogen while offering a succinct outline of the best current methods for diagnosis of human bacterial diseases. With contributions from an international team of experts in the field, this book is an invaluable reference work for all clinical microbiologists, infectious disease physicians, public health physicians and trainees within these disciplines.

Download or read book Clinical Case Studies for the Family Nurse Practitioner written by Leslie Neal-Boylan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-11-28 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical Case Studies for the Family Nurse Practitioner is a key resource for advanced practice nurses and graduate students seeking to test their skills in assessing, diagnosing, and managing cases in family and primary care. Composed of more than 70 cases ranging from common to unique, the book compiles years of experience from experts in the field. It is organized chronologically, presenting cases from neonatal to geriatric care in a standard approach built on the SOAP format. This includes differential diagnosis and a series of critical thinking questions ideal for self-assessment or classroom use.

Download or read book Reemergence of Established Pathogens in the 21st Century written by I.W. Fong and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-06-30 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the closing decade of the last century, we saw warnings that infectious diseases will require much more attention from patients and physicians in the 21 st century. Recently d- covered diseases such as AIDS pose a major threat to the population at large, and to that threat has been added the re-emergence of established pathogens, microbes that were re- ily treatable in the past. Since infectious diseases already play a major role in the burden of illness and mortality, health care providers and planners are worried. A large proportion of the problem is man-made, arising mainly from the unnecessary overuse of antimicrobials in hospital and community settings and from the agricultural misuse of the agents in animal feed. A consequence has been a dramatic increase in resi- ant strains of bacteria that were considered conquerable several decades ago. Community infections caused by multi-resistant pneumococci serve as an example. These organisms were readily treated with penicillin, but now the spread of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae from continent to continent is becoming a worldwide problem. This is a major concern because pneumococcal infections are common in the community, being the le- ing cause of pneumonia, sinusitis, and meningitis. Resistant bacteria in hospitals are also becoming more prevalent. We have become accustomed to hearing about methicill- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), but now we have to be concerned about multidrug-resistant coliform bacteria and pseudomonads.