Download or read book New Generation Aero Combustor written by Jushan Chin and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study is to identify the technology for next generation aero combustors, and to propose totally new combustor design approaches. Next generation aero combustors need very high combustion air fraction, that brings idle lean blow out (LBO) problem. The present study suggests several measures to solve this problem, including: pilot and main two concentric combustion zones with separation, aerodynamic design to have main air slipping by pilot combustion zones, etc. For high fuel air ratio (FAR) combustor, the present authors propose using angled main fuel co-axial air plain jet injection. Make use of different penetration to meet the need for low power and high power conditions. For low emissions combustor, the present authors use small scale close contact fuel-air mixing with fuel staging to have low emissions at the same time to have good idle, good high altitude ignition, etc. Brand new cooling designs are proposed for outliner and inner liner. This chapter is mainly a survey of present author,Äôs own research. The results of this study will provide guideline for the development of next generation aero combustors.

Download or read book Technical Notes on Next Generation Aero Combustor Design Development and Related Combustion Research written by Jushan Chin and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2021 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The aim of this book is to identify that extra high-pressure ratio (such as about 70) civil aero engine low emissions combustors and extra high fuel air ratio (FAR) (such as FAR greater than 0.051) military aero engine combustors make up the next generation of aero combustors. The aero thermal design of these combustors is very different from previous combustors and the major design points are proposed. Two types of high-pressure low emissions combustor design have been suggested: one is without fuel staging and the other is with fuel staging. The high FAR combustor design is brand new. The layout of the next-generation aero combustor is very different. There are no primary holes, no intermediate holes, and no dilution holes. They all have direct mixing combustion. For low-emissions combustors, it is lean direct mixing (LDM) combustion. For high-FAR combustors, it is stoichiometric direct mixing combustion. Combustion air fraction is very high (such as greater than 75%). That will induce idle condition lean blow out (LBO) issue. The present book has proposed several design approaches to solve idle LBO issue, which are effective. Pilot fuel air combustion is designed at idle condition. For civil combustor, maximum condition is designed for low emissions, while for high FAR combustor, maximum condition is designed for non-visible smoke, low luminous flame radiation and good combustion efficiency. For each type of combustor, the fuel air module configuration is designed, which is the most essential part of combustor design. The brand-new combustor cooling design has used a compound angle tangential inlet cooling hole configuration. Such a cooling design provides high cooling effectiveness. The diffuser configuration is totally new. It is an air bleeding diffuser, directly stretching forward to contact the dome. The bled air flows to the annular channel as cooling air. Aero combustor development is discussed in this book. In particular, the combustor developments from technology readiness level (TRL) 3 to TRL level 6 have been discussed in detail. Also reported is the technology to run combustor development tests correctly. Three topics of related combustion research by the present author are summarized in the brochure. They are: a. Fuel injection and co-flowing air combination. The key point is, for next generation combustor development, the designer should not only think about atomization. The combination of fuel injection and co-flowing air should be considered together as a whole device. b. Fuel spray evaporation calculation, the key is an engineering calculation of multi-component fuel evaporation shall be used. c. Non-luminous flame radiation calculation, which has been significantly updated. The present book is a summary of the author's ten years of study on next-generation aero combustors after retirement. It represents advanced aero combustor technology level"--

Download or read book Technical Notes on Next Generation Aero Combustor Design Development and Related Combustion Research written by Jushan Chin and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The aim of this book is to identify that extra high-pressure ratio (such as about 70) civil aero engine low emissions combustors and extra high fuel air ratio (FAR) (such as FAR greater than 0.051) military aero engine combustors make up the next generation of aero combustors. The aero thermal design of these combustors is very different from previous combustors and the major design points are proposed. Two types of high-pressure low emissions combustor design have been suggested: one is without fuel staging and the other is with fuel staging. The high FAR combustor design is brand new. The layout of the next-generation aero combustor is very different. There are no primary holes, no intermediate holes, and no dilution holes. They all have direct mixing combustion. For low-emissions combustors, it is lean direct mixing (LDM) combustion. For high-FAR combustors, it is stoichiometric direct mixing combustion. Combustion air fraction is very high (such as greater than 75%). That will induce idle condition lean blow out (LBO) issue. The present book has proposed several design approaches to solve idle LBO issue, which are effective. Pilot fuel air combustion is designed at idle condition. For civil combustor, maximum condition is designed for low emissions, while for high FAR combustor, maximum condition is designed for non-visible smoke, low luminous flame radiation and good combustion efficiency. For each type of combustor, the fuel air module configuration is designed, which is the most essential part of combustor design. The brand-new combustor cooling design has used a compound angle tangential inlet cooling hole configuration. Such a cooling design provides high cooling effectiveness. The diffuser configuration is totally new. It is an air bleeding diffuser, directly stretching forward to contact the dome. The bled air flows to the annular channel as cooling air. Aero combustor development is discussed in this book. In particular, the combustor developments from technology readiness level (TRL) 3 to TRL level 6 have been discussed in detail. Also reported is the technology to run combustor development tests correctly. Three topics of related combustion research by the present author are summarized in the brochure. They are: a. Fuel injection and co-flowing air combination. The key point is, for next generation combustor development, the designer should not only think about atomization. The combination of fuel injection and co-flowing air should be considered together as a whole device. b. Fuel spray evaporation calculation, the key is an engineering calculation of multi-component fuel evaporation shall be used. c. Non-luminous flame radiation calculation, which has been significantly updated. The present book is a summary of the author's ten years of study on next-generation aero combustors after retirement. It represents advanced aero combustor technology level"--

Download or read book Renewable Energy written by Tolga Taner and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-02 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses renewable energy resources and systems as well as energy efficiency. It contains twenty-three chapters over six sections that address a multitude of renewable energy types, including solar and photovoltaic, biomass, hydroelectric, and geothermal. The information presented herein is a scientific contribution to energy and environmental regulations, quality and efficiency of energy services, energy supply security, energy market-based approaches, government interventions, and the spread of technological innovation.

Download or read book Aero Engine Combustor Casing written by Sashi Kanta Panigrahi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-06-27 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is focused on theoretical and experimental investigation aimed at detecting and selecting proper information related to the fundamental aspect of combustion casing design,performance and life evaluation parameters. A rational approach has been adopted to the analysis domain underlying the complexities of the process.

Download or read book Combustion for Power Generation and Transportation written by Avinash Kumar Agarwal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-20 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research monograph presents both fundamental science and applied innovations on several key and emerging technologies involving fossil and alternate fuel utilization in power and transport sectors from renowned experts in the field. Some of the topics covered include: autoignition in laminar and turbulent nonpremixed flames; Langevin simulation of turbulent combustion; lean blowout (LBO) prediction through symbolic time series analysis; lasers and optical diagnostics for next generation IC engine development; exergy destruction study on small DI diesel engine; and gasoline direct injection. The book includes a chapter on carbon sequestration and optimization of enhanced oil and gas recovery. The contents of this book will be useful to researchers and professionals working on all aspects on combustion.

Download or read book Combustion Instabilities in Gas Turbine Engines written by Timothy C. Lieuwen and published by AIAA (American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics). This book was released on 2005 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers gas turbine users and manufacturers a valuable resource to help them sort through issues associated with combustion instabilities. In the last ten years, substantial efforts have been made in the industrial, governmental, and academic communities to understand the unique issues associated with combustion instabilities in low-emission gas turbines. The objective of this book is to compile these results into a series of chapters that address the various facets of the problem. The Case Studies section speaks to specific manufacturer and user experiences with combustion instabilities in the development stage and in fielded turbine engines. The book then goes on to examine The Fundamental Mechanisms, The Combustor Modeling, and Control Approaches.

Download or read book Gas Turbine Emissions written by Timothy C. Lieuwen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-07-08 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of clean, sustainable energy systems is a preeminent issue in our time. Gas turbines will continue to be important combustion-based energy conversion devices for many decades to come, used for aircraft propulsion, ground-based power generation, and mechanical-drive applications. This book compiles the key scientific and technological knowledge associated with gas turbine emissions into a single authoritative source.

Download or read book Gas Turbines for Electric Power Generation written by S. Can Gülen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-14 with total page 735 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Everything you wanted to know about industrial gas turbines for electric power generation in one source with hard-to-find, hands-on technical information.

Download or read book Gas Turbine Combustion written by Arthur H. Lefebvre and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-04-26 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reflecting the developments in gas turbine combustion technology that have occurred in the last decade, Gas Turbine Combustion: Alternative Fuels and Emissions, Third Edition provides an up-to-date design manual and research reference on the design, manufacture, and operation of gas turbine combustors in applications ranging from aeronautical to po

Download or read book Thermo Economic and Risk Analysis for Advanced Long range Aero Engines written by Daniele Samuel Pascovici and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To conceive and assess engines with minimum global warming impact andlowest cost of ownership in a variety of emission legislation scenarios, emissions taxation policies, fiscal and Air Traffic Management environments aTechno economic and Environmental Risk Assessment (TERA) model isneeded. In the first part of this thesis an approach is presented to estimate the cost ofmaintenance and the direct operating costs of turbofan engines of equivalentthrust rating, both for long and short range applications. The three advancedtypes of turbofan engines analysed here are a direct drive three spool withultra high bypass ratio, a geared turbofan with the same fan as the direct driveengine and a turbofan with counter rotating fans. The baseline engines are athree spool for long range (Trent 772b) and a two spool (CFM56-7b) for shortrange applications. The comparison with baseline engines shows the gainsand losses of these novel cycle engines. The economic model is composed of three modules: a lifing module, aneconomic module and a risk module. The lifing module estimates the life of the high pressure turbine disk andblades through the analysis of creep and fatigue over a full working cycle ofthe engine. These two phenomena are usually the most limiting factors to thelife of the engine. The output of this module is the amount of hours that theengine can sustain before its first overhaul (called time between overhauls). The value of life calculated by the lifing is then taken as the baselinedistribution to calculate the life of other important modules of the engine usingthe Weibull approach. The Weibull formulation is applied to the life analysis ofdifferent parts of the engine in order to estimate the cost of maintenance, thedirect operating costs (DOC) and net present cost (NPC) of turbofan engines. The Weibull distribution is often used in the field of life data analysis due to itsflexibility?it can mimic the behavior of other statistical distributions such as the normal and the exponential. In the present work five Weibull distributionsare used for five important sources of interruption of the working life of theengine: Combustor, Life Limited Parts (LLP), High Pressure Compressor(HPC), General breakdowns and High Pressure Turbine (HPT). The Weibullanalysis done in this work shows the impact of the breakdown of differentparts of the engine on the NPC and DOC, the importance that each module ofthe engine has in its life, and how the application of the Weibull theory canhelp us in the risk assessment of future aero engines. Then the lower of the values of life of all the distributions is taken as timebetween overhaul (TBO), and used into the economic module calculations. The economic module uses the time between overhaul together with the costof labour and the cost of the engine (needed to determine the cost of spareparts) to estimate the cost of maintenance of the engine. The direct operatingcosts (DOC) of the engine are derived as a function of maintenance cost withthe cost of taxes on emissions and noise, the cost of fuel, the cost ofinsurance and the cost of interests paid on the total investment. The DOC ofthe aircraft include also the cost of cabin and flight crew and the cost oflanding, navigational and ground handling fees. With knowledge of the DOCthe net present cost (NPC) for both the engine and the aircraft can beestimated over an operational period of about 30 years. The risk model uses the Monte Carlo method with a Gaussian distribution tostudy the impact of the variations in some parameters on the NPC. Some ofthe parameters considered in the risk scenarios are fuel price, interestpercentage on total investment, inflation, downtime, maintenance labour costand factors used in the emission and noise taxes. The risk analyses theinfluence of these variables for ten thousands scenarios and then acumulative frequency curve is built by the model to understand the frequencyof the most probable scenarios. After the conclusion of the analysis of the VITAL engines as they werespecified by the Original Engine Manufacturer (OEM) (Roll? Royce, Snecmaand MTU), an optimisation work was done in order to try to improve the engines. The optimisation was done using two numerical gradient basedtechniques Firstly the Sequential Quadratic Programming? NLPQL andsecondly the Mixed Integer Optimization? MOST; the objectives of theoptimisation were two: minimum fuel burn and minimum direct operatingcosts. Because the engines were already optimized for minimum fuel burn, the optimization for minimum fuel burn didn?t show any meaningful results;instead the results for minimum DOC showed that the engines can have someimprovements. The ability of the three VITAL configurations to meet the future goals of theEuropean Union to reduce noise and gaseous emission has been assessedand has showed that the three engines cannot fully comply with futurelegislation beyond 2020. In the second part of this thesis three further advanced configurations havebeen studied to determine whether these are potential solutions to meet theACARE goals of 2020. For these more advanced aero engines only a performance and gaseousemissions analysis has been done, because it was no possible to do aneconomic analysis for the new components of these engines. Theseadvanced configurations feature components that have been studied only inlaboratories, like the heat exchangers for the ICR, the wave rotor and theconstant volume combustor, and for these it has not been done a lifinganalysis that is fundamental in order to understand the costs of maintenance, besides in order to do a proper direct operating costs analysis manyoperational flight hours are needed and none of these engine have reachedTRL of 7 and more which is the stage where flight hour tests are conducted. In this thesis a parametric study on three different novel cycles which could beapplied to aircraft propulsion is presented:1. Intercooled recuperative,2. wave rotor and3. Constant volume combustion cycle. These three cycles have been applied to a characteristic next generation longrange aero engine (geared turbofan) looking for a possible future evolutionand searching for benefits on specific thrust fuel consumption and emissions. The parametric study has been applied to Top of Climb conditions, the designpoint, at Mach number 0.82, ISA deviation of 10 degrees and an altitude of10686 m and at cruise condition, considering two possible designs:a) Design for constant specific thrust andb) Design for constant TET or the current technology levelBoth values correspond to the baseline engine. For the intercooled enginealso a weight and drag impact on fuel consumption has been done, in order tounderstand the impact of weight increase on the benefits of the configuration, considering different values of the effectiveness of the heat exchangers, thehigher the values the greater is the technical challenge of the engine. After studying the CVC and Wave rotor separately it has been decided to do aparametric study of an aero engine that comprises both configurations: theinternal combustion wave rotor (ICWR). The ICWR is a highly unsteadydevice, but offers significant advantages when combined with gas turbines. Since it is a constant volume combustion device there is a pressure raiseduring combustion, this will result in having lower SFC and higher thermalefficiency. It is an advanced and quite futuristic, with a technology readinesslevel (TRL) of 6 or higher only by 2025, so only a preliminary performancestudy is done, leaving to future studies the task of a more improved analysis.

Download or read book Combustion Noise written by Anna Schwarz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-17 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: November, 2008 Anna Schwarz, Johannes Janicka In the last thirty years noise emission has developed into a topic of increasing importance to society and economy. In ?elds such as air, road and rail traf?c, the control of noise emissions and development of associated noise-reduction techno- gies is a central requirement for social acceptance and economical competitiveness. The noise emission of combustion systems is a major part of the task of noise - duction. The following aspects motivate research: • Modern combustion chambers in technical combustion systems with low pol- tion exhausts are 5 - 8 dB louder compared to their predecessors. In the ope- tional state the noise pressure levels achieved can even be 10-15 dB louder. • High capacity torches in the chemical industry are usually placed at ground level because of the reasons of noise emissions instead of being placed at a height suitable for safety and security. • For airplanes the combustion emissions become a more and more important topic. The combustion instability and noise issues are one major obstacle for the introduction of green technologies as lean fuel combustion and premixed burners in aero-engines. The direct and indirect contribution of combustion noise to the overall core noise is still under discussion. However, it is clear that the core noise besides the fan tone will become an important noise source in future aero-engine designs. To further reduce the jet noise, geared ultra high bypass ratio fans are driven by only a few highly loaded turbine stages.

Download or read book Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-08-09 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary human activities that release carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere are the combustion of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil) to generate electricity, the provision of energy for transportation, and as a consequence of some industrial processes. Although aviation CO2 emissions only make up approximately 2.0 to 2.5 percent of total global annual CO2 emissions, research to reduce CO2 emissions is urgent because (1) such reductions may be legislated even as commercial air travel grows, (2) because it takes new technology a long time to propagate into and through the aviation fleet, and (3) because of the ongoing impact of global CO2 emissions. Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research develops a national research agenda for reducing CO2 emissions from commercial aviation. This report focuses on propulsion and energy technologies for reducing carbon emissions from large, commercial aircraftâ€" single-aisle and twin-aisle aircraft that carry 100 or more passengersâ€"because such aircraft account for more than 90 percent of global emissions from commercial aircraft. Moreover, while smaller aircraft also emit CO2, they make only a minor contribution to global emissions, and many technologies that reduce CO2 emissions for large aircraft also apply to smaller aircraft. As commercial aviation continues to grow in terms of revenue-passenger miles and cargo ton miles, CO2 emissions are expected to increase. To reduce the contribution of aviation to climate change, it is essential to improve the effectiveness of ongoing efforts to reduce emissions and initiate research into new approaches.

Download or read book Gas Turbine Combustion written by Arthur H. Lefebvre and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-04-26 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reflecting the developments in gas turbine combustion technology that have occurred in the last decade, Gas Turbine Combustion: Alternative Fuels and Emissions, Third Edition provides an up-to-date design manual and research reference on the design, manufacture, and operation of gas turbine combustors in applications ranging from aeronautical to power generation. Essentially self-contained, the book only requires a moderate amount of prior knowledge of physics and chemistry. In response to the fluctuating cost and environmental effects of petroleum fuel, this third edition includes a new chapter on alternative fuels. This chapter presents the physical and chemical properties of conventional (petroleum-based) liquid and gaseous fuels for gas turbines; reviews the properties of alternative (synthetic) fuels and conventional-alternative fuel blends; and describes the influence of these different fuels and their blends on combustor performance, design, and emissions. It also discusses the special requirements of aircraft fuels and the problems encountered with fuels for industrial gas turbines. In the updated chapter on emissions, the authors highlight the quest for higher fuel efficiency and reducing carbon dioxide emissions as well as the regulations involved. Continuing to offer detailed coverage of multifuel capabilities, flame flashback, high off-design combustion efficiency, and liner failure studies, this best-selling book is the premier guide to gas turbine combustion technology. This edition retains the style that made its predecessors so popular while updating the material to reflect the technology of the twenty-first century.

Download or read book Combustor Technology for Broadened Properties Fuels written by W. J. Dodds and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to increase the availability and reduce the cost of future fuels for aircraft gas turbine engines, it may be necessary to broaden fuel specifications. Anticipated changes in fuel properties, and the effects of these changes on combustion system performance, operating characteristics, durability, and emissions are briefly reviewed, and results to date of a program being conducted to develop and demonstrate combustor technology required to utilize broadened-properties fuels in current and next-generation engines are described. Combustion system design considerations and tradeoffs for burning broadened-properties fuels are discussed, and test experience with several applicable combustor design modifications to the G.E. CF6-80A combustion system is reviewed. Modifications have been demonstrated to improve liner cooling and reduce smoke in the conventional annular combustor, thereby reducing effects of variations in fuel hydrogen content. Advanced staged and variable geometry combustor concepts for burning broadened-properties fuels have also been demonstrated.

Download or read book Sustainable Aviation Technology and Operations written by Roberto Sabatini and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-09-06 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable Aviation Technology and Operations Comprehensively covers research and development initiatives to enhance the environmental sustainability of the??aviation sector Sustainable Aviation Technology and Operations provides a comprehensive and timely outlook of recent research advances in aeronautics and air transport, with emphasis on both long-term sustainable development goals and current achievements. This book discusses some of the most promising advances in aircraft technologies, air traffic management and systems engineering methodologies for sustainable aviation. The topics covered include: propulsion, aerodynamics, avionics, structures, materials, airspace management, biofuels and sustainable lifecycle management. The physical processes associated with various aircraft emissions — including air pollutants, noise and contrails — are presented to support the development of computational models for aircraft design, flight path optimization and environmental impact assessment. Relevant advances in systems engineering and lifecycle management processes are also covered, bridging some of the existing gaps between academic research and industry best practices. A collection of research case studies complements the book, highlighting opportunities for a timely uptake of the most promising technologies, towards a more efficient and environmentally sustainable aviation future. Key features: Contains important research and industry relevant contributions from world-class experts. Addresses recent advances in aviation sustainability including multidisciplinary design approaches and multi-objective operational optimisation methods. Includes a number of research case studies, addressing propulsion, aerostructures, alternative aviation fuels, avionics, air traffic management, and sustainable lifecycle management solutions. Sustainable Aviation Technology and Operations is an excellent book for aerospace engineers, aviation scientists, researchers and graduate students involved in the field.

Download or read book Advanced Turbulent Combustion Modeling for Gas Turbine Application written by Andrea Donini and published by Andrea Donini. This book was released on with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In spite of the increasing presence of renewable energy sources, fossil fuels will remain the primary supply of the world's energy needs for the upcoming future. Modern gas-turbine based systems represent one of the most efficient large-scale power generation technology currently available. Alongside this, gas-turbine power plants operate with very low emissions, have flexible operational characteristics and are able to utilize a broad range of fuels. It is expected that gas-turbine based plants will play an important role as an effective means of converting combustion energy in the future as well, because of the vast potential energy savings. The numerical approach to the design of complex systems such as gas-turbines has gained a continuous growth of interest in the last few decades. This because simulations are foreseen to provide a tremendous increase in the combustor efficiency, fuel-flexibility and quality over the next future. In this dissertation, an advanced turbulent combustion technique is implemented and progressively developed for the simulation of all the features that are typically observed in stationary gas-turbine combustion, including hydrogen as a fuel. The developed turbulent combustion model retains most of the accuracy of a detailed simulation while drastically reducing its computational time. As a result of this work, the advancement of power generation plants can be accelerated, paving the way for future developments of alternative fuel usage in a cleaner and more efficient combustion.