Download or read book New Elastomer Synthesis for High Performance Applications written by and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 1988 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Synthesis and Physical Behavior of Ion Containing Segmented and Random Copolymer Elastomers written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A research program was conducted by the Polymer Synthesis Group of the Chemistry Department and the Polymer Materials and Interfaces Laboratory on the theme of new elastomer synthesis. The body of the report described herein subdivided into five areas of discussion. The first deals with a laboratory- scale, low-pressure reactor suitable for living polymerizations and polymer modification studies. This section is followed by a discussion of model homopolymer and block polymer elastomers obtained by hydrogenation. Next, an investigation of a hydrocarbon-soluble organolithium difunctional initiator is described. Elastomers based upon ion-containing block and random copolymers are covered as is a study of the morphology and properties of polyurea(urethane) elastomers. An important conclusion is that saturated elastomers such as butyl rubber and various halogenated derivatives as well as the ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPDM) elastomers should be investigated in high performance applications. Lastly, one concludes that significant additional effort should be conducted in the area of reactive castable elastomers based upon soft, thermally stable flexible segments linked together through poluyrea type hard segments. This approach to castable elastomers has major potential for developing reactive automated fully cured systems of high strength and good abrasion resistance.
Download or read book High Performance Elastomer Materials written by Dariusz M. Bielinski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-10-23 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents selected papers on various aspects of rubber engineering, technology, and exploitation. The contributions range from new methods of the modification of filler surface and crosslinks structure of rubber vulcanizates, through modern functional elastomer composites, to aspects of their thermal stability, flammability, and ozone degradation. Each chapter contains a brief introduction to a particular topic, a description of the experimental techniques, and a discussion on the results obtained, followed by conclusions. The book will help to broaden the knowledge of researchers in the field of rubber compounding, crosslinking, and behavior under various exploitation conditions. The research and development presented in this book has potential for industrial applications as well as for new materials and technologies. The book also details theoretical background to a number of experimental techniques, which should make it interesting to research students and professionals.
Download or read book Rubber Compounding written by Brendan Rodgers and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-07-23 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Highlighting more than a decade of research, this one-of-a-kind reference reviews the production, processing, and characteristics of a wide range of materials utilized in the modern tire and rubber industry. Rubber Compounding investigates the chemistry and modification of raw materials, elastomers, and material compounds for optimal formulation an
Download or read book Synthetic Polymers written by D. Feldman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1996-05-31 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthetic Polymers is a comprehensive introduction to the technologies involved in the synthesis of the main classes of engineering high polymers used in such materials as plastics, fibers, rubbers, foams, adhesives and coatings. Besides the basic processes, this volume includes information on physical, chemical and mechanical characteristics - key factors with respect to obtaining the right end products. It also focuses on the main application of synthetic polymers in different engineering areas and gives data on production and consumption. Over 60 technological flowcharts are presented in a clear and concise manner, to provide the reader with essential information on relevant operations.
Download or read book Advances in Elastomers written by Michal Sedlacík and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-03-17 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elastomer materials are characterized by their high elongation and (entropy) elasticity, which makes them indispensable for widespread applications in various engineering and medical areas as well as consumer goods. This book focuses on the state-of-the-art of elastomers covering all aspects from their properties to applications. The development and testing of advanced elastomers is of particular interest. Attention is given to various aspects of elastomers, such as ever-increasing environmental concepts dealing with recyclability and reusability, incorporation of functional groups or additives to obtain novel functionality or bioelastomers, analytical description of mechanisms and structure relations of the fracture behavior of elastomers, and their external stimuli-responsive character. The scope of the book encompasses contributions at the frontier of science in polymer network synthesis, experimental and theoretical physics of polymer networks, and new structures and functionalities incorporated into elastomers leading to enhanced properties of crosslinked elastomeric materials, among others.
Download or read book Thermoplastic Elastomers written by Chapal Kumar Das and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2015-11-26 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs), commonly known as thermoplastic rubbers, are a category of copolymers having thermoplastic and elastomeric characteristics. A TPE is a rubbery material with properties very close to those of conventional vulcanized rubber at normal conditions. It can be processed in a molten state even at elevated temperatures. TPEs show advantages typical of both rubbery materials and plastic materials. TPEs are a class of polymers bridging between the service properties of elastomers and the processing properties of thermoplastics. Nowadays, the best use of thermoplastics is in the field of biomedical applications, starting from artificial skin to many of the artificial human body parts. Apart from these, thermoplastic elastomers are being used for drug encapsulation purposes, and since they are biocompatible in many cases, their scope of applications has been broadened in the biotechnological field as well. The present book highlights many biological and biomedical applications of TPEs from which the broader area readers will benefit.
Download or read book Self Healing Polymers written by Wolfgang H. Binder and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-29 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Self-healing is a well-known phenomenon in nature: a broken bone merges after some time and if skin is damaged, the wound will stop bleeding and heals again. This concept can be mimicked in order to create polymeric materials with the ability to regenerate after they have suffered degradation or wear. Already realized applications are used in aerospace engineering, and current research in this fascinating field shows how different self-healing mechanisms proven successful by nature can be adapted to produce even more versatile materials. The book combines the knowledge of an international panel of experts in the field and provides the reader with chemical and physical concepts for self-healing polymers, including aspects of biomimetic processes of healing in nature. It shows how to design self-healing polymers and explains the dynamics in these systems. Different self-healing concepts such as encapsulated systems and supramolecular systems are detailed. Chapters on analysis and friction detection in self-healing polymers and on applications round off the book.
Download or read book Advanced Elastomers written by Anna Boczkowska and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-09-12 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an extensive overview of current trends in the area of elastomers and their composites from the chapters contributed by internationally recognized specialists. The book deals with novel synthesis, modelling and experimental methods in elastomers. Contents include: new approach to crosslinking, liquid crystal elastomers, nanocomposites, smart elastomers, elastomers in microelectronics and microfluidics, elastomers in cement concrete and mortar, experimental testing and modelling. Each section demonstrates how enhancements in materials, processes and characterization techniques can improve performance in the field of engineering. The book provides a unique opportunity to discover the latest research on elastomer advances from laboratories around the world. This book addresses to industrial and academic researchers in the fields of physical, chemical, biological sciences and engineering.
Download or read book Advances in Thermoplastic Elastomers written by Nikhil K. Singha and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-01-26 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Thermoplastic Elastomers: Challenges and Opportunities brings together the state-of-the-art in thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs), covering innovative materials, synthesis techniques, processing methods and sustainability. Sections outline thermoplastic elastomers, rubber elastic, and thermoplastic vulcanizates, and review the current landscape, from research and published literature, to commercialization and patents. Subsequent chapters offer methodical coverage of different categories of advanced thermoplastic elastomer materials, including areas such as polyolefin-based TPEs and high performance TPEs. The final chapters in the book examine options for sustainability, including bio-based, bio-resourced, and biodegradable TPEs, as well as circular economy and recycling of TPEs.Finally, outlook and future market and research trends are reviewed. This is a valuable book for researchers and advanced students working with elastomers, polymer science, materials chemistry, and materials engineering. In an industrial setting, this is an essential resource for R&D professionals, scientists, and engineers looking to utilize thermoplastic elastomers in a range of advanced applications. Focuses on novel materials, such as polyolefin-based TPEs, fluorinated TPEs, silicone-based TPEs, and ionic TPEs Discusses sustainability in terms of bio-based or biocompatible TPEs, recycling and the circular economy Helps bridge the gap between research and commercialization, reviewing patents, literature, trends, and market.
Download or read book Functionalized Materials From Elastomers to High Performance Thermoplastics written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthesis and incorporation of functionalized materials continues to generate significant research interest in academia and in industry. If chosen correctly, a functional group when incorporated into a polymer can deliver enhanced properties, such as adhesion, water solubility, thermal stability, et cetera The utility of these new materials has been demonstrated in drug-delivery systems, coatings, membranes and compatibilizers. Two approaches exist to functionalize a material. The desired moiety can be added to the monomer either before or after polymerization. The polymers used range from low glass transition temperature elastomers to high glass transition temperature, high performance materials. One industrial example of the first approach is the synthesis of Teflon(reg. sign). Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE or Teflon(reg. sign)) is synthesized from tetrafluoroethylene, a functionalized monomer. The resulting material has significant property differences from the parent, poly(ethylene). Due to the fluorine in the polymer, PTFE has excellent solvent and heat resistance, a low surface energy and a low coefficient of friction. This allows the material to be used in high temperature applications where the surface needs to be nonabrasive and nonstick. This material has a wide spread use in the cooking industry because it allows for ease of cooking and cleaning as a nonstick coating on cookware. One of the best examples of the second approach, functionalization after polymerization, is the vulcanization process used to make tires. Natural rubber (from the Hevea brasiliensis) has a very low glass transition temperature, is very tacky and would not be useful to make tires without synthetic alteration. Goodyear's invention was the vulcanization of polyisoprene by crosslinking the material with sulfur to create a rubber that was tough enough to withstand the elements of weather and road conditions. Due to the development of polymerization techniques to make cis-polyisoprene, natural rubber is no longer needed for the manufacturing of tires, but vulcanization is still utilized.
Download or read book High Performance and Speciality Elastomers 2005 written by and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is an exciting mix in these proceedings from both material suppliers and end users, who have discussed test and formulation data. There is an overview paper on the markets for rubbers from the International Rubber Study Group. There is also a new presentation on studies of food contact applications of high performance elastomers, with migration data available.
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of High Performance Polytetrahydrofuran Based Polyurethane urea and Ionene Elastomers written by Bin Lee and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Science and Technology of Rubber written by James E. Mark and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-07-28 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Science and Technology of Rubber, Third Edition provides a broad survey of elastomers with special emphasis on materials with a rubber-like elasticity. As in the 2nd edition, the emphasis remains on a unified treatment of the material; exploring topics from the chemical aspects such as elastomer synthesis and curing, through recent theoretical developments and characterization of equilibrium and dynamic properties, to the final applications of rubber, including tire engineering and manufacturing. Many advances have been made in polymer and elastomers research over the past ten years since the 2nd edition was published. Updated material stresses the continuous relationship between the ongoing research in synthesis, physics, structure and mechanics of rubber technology and industrial applications. Special attention is paid to recent advances in rubber-like elasticity theory and new processing techniques for elastomers. This new edition is comprised of 20% new material, including a new chapter on environmental issues and tire recycling.
Download or read book Liquid Crystal Elastomers written by Mark Warner and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-04-05 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text is a primer for liquid crystals, polymers, rubber and elasticity. It is directed at physicists, chemists, material scientists, engineers and applied mathematicians at the graduate student level and beyond.
Download or read book Synthesis of New and Improved Stimuli Responsive Polymer Materials written by Erin Askounis and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stimuli-responsive polymers are materials that undergo physical or chemical properties changes triggered by light, temperature, mechanical force, insertion of small molecules, electric fields, magnetic fields, or pH. Stimuli-responsive materials can be designed for a desired physical response, such as compression, shape change, or variable stiffness and have been used in coatings, sensors, drug delivery, self-healing, and mechanical actuators. Some stimuli-responsive materials utilize several trigger mechanisms to amplify and increase the resulting change in physical properties. For example, cellulose polymer nanocomposites exhibit stiffness changes triggered by both water and temperature to increase the modulus differential of the material. The modulus ranges from GPa range to the low MPa range with the assistance of the dual-stimuli technique. Although this modulus differential is large, for applications in biomaterials, the low-end modulus of the material must be in the kPa range to limit mechanical mismatch of an implant for practical use. Another category of stimuli-responsive materials is dielectric elastomer materials, electric-field responsive materials that expand and contract with an applied voltage. Rather than change stiffness, these materials change shape. When sandwiched between two compliant electrodes and an electric field is applied, the material is compressed by the attraction of the opposite charges formed on the electrodes. With electro-response, these materials are useful in soft robotics applications, however, commercially available dielectric elastomer materials require prestretching for high actuation performance and are incapable of molecular modification. Additionally, dielectric elastomers are difficult to process due to the crosslinked nature, a controlled synthetic approach to more precisely design molecular architectures is desired. Overall, these materials can be precisely tuned to respond to triggers based on the application requirements. Synthesizing and optimizing new stimuli- responsive materials that are precisely tuned opens the door for expanded applications in fields such as biomedicine or soft robotics. The research outlined in this dissertation focuses on the synthesis and fabrication of novel stimuli- responsive polymer materials to address challenges previously outlined. The main body of this dissertation describes new cellulose polymer composite materials with ultra-wide stiffness range, new dielectric elastomers with high actuation performance without prestretch, and new BAB triblock copolymers with variable stiffness. The first chapter surveys current stimuli-responsive polymer materials technology with a focus on thermo-responsive, photo-responsive, electro-responsive, and dual responsive materials. The second chapter outlines research aimed to increase the modulus differential in cellulose composite materials using a thermo-responsive variable stiffness polymer and cellulose microfibers. The resulting composite utilizes two stimuli, the first is temperature to soften the stiff polymer matrix by melting the crystalline segments to form a soft crosslinked polymer. The second stimulus is the addition of water, to nullify the reinforcing network formed by percolating cellulose fibers and further soften the material. The material exhibits an ultra wide modulus differential from 1 GPa down to 40 kPa stimulated by water and temperature. An ultra wide modulus range allows for further applications development with potential for biomedical devices. The third chapter outlines a new dielectric elastomer (DE) material that exhibits performance similar to commercially available materials in an aim to address the limitations of prestretching and to introduce DEs capable of modification. A bimodal interpenetrating crosslinked network was established by combining a short chain di-functional acrylate monomer with a long-chain high molecular weight di-functional acrylate monomer to form a material with mechanical properties similar to commercially available DEs. Additional mono-functional diluents were added to further tune the electro-mechanical properties and improve performance. The new DE exhibited maximum actuation strains near 200% and rapid response over 100% strain at 2 Hz. The new DE material exhibits performance higher than other synthetic dielectric elastomer and opens the door to optimization of DE materials for a new generation of polymer actuator materials. The fourth and last chapter of the main text presents a comparison study of three different length BAB triblock copolymers in an aim to synthesize a triblock copolymer for use as a bistable electroactive polymer (BSEP). BSEP materials are stiff at room temperature and softened at elevated temperature to actuate as dielectric elastomers. BSEP is typically processed by bulk polymerization making it difficult to modify post-fabrication. In the BAB polymer described, a two-sided RAFT chain transfer agent was synthesized, for symmetrical synthetic processing, using poly (ethylene glycol) for high stiffness at room temperature and increased flexibility at elevated temperature. The poly (stearyl acrylate) B-blocks were then incorporated to add further stiffness at room temperature and control the material microstructure. Of the three BAB copolymers synthesized, two exhibited variable stiffness from 1 GPa to 10 kPa with spherulite microstructural formations confirmed by optical and scanning electron microscopy. By introducing a controlled synthetic pathway using RAFT living polymerization, these materials can be finely tuned for specific properties before and after fabrication.
Download or read book Advances in Elastomers II written by P. M. Visakh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-09 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second volume of a two-volume work which summarizes in an edited format and in a fairly comprehensive manner many of the recent technical research accomplishments in the area of Elastomers. “Advances in Elastomers” discusses the various attempts reported on solving these problems from the point of view of the chemistry and the structure of elastomers, highlighting the drawbacks and advantages of each method. It summarize the importance of elastomers and their multiphase systems in human life and industry, and covers all the topics related to recent advances in elastomers, their blends, IPNs, composites and nanocomposites. This second volume is deals with composites and nanocomposites of elastomers.
