Download or read book New Detection Methods for Human Papillomavirus Genotypes and Possible Implications for Cervical Cancer Screening written by Adrianus Johannes Christiaan van den Brule and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Human Papillomavirus New Insights for the Healthcare Professional 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-07-22 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human Papillomavirus: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Diagnosis and Screening. The editors have built Human Papillomavirus: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Diagnosis and Screening in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Human Papillomavirus: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer written by International Agency for Research on Cancer and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reviews the evidence for a causal link between sexually transmitted infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) and the occurrence of cervical cancer, from a variety of different angles. Epidemiological studies and clinical, pathological, and cytological aspects of HPV infection are reviewed. Modern methods for analyzing HPV-DNA types by molecular biological techniques are described, and the statistical problems to be overcome in epidemiological work are explained. The volume was prepared by a broad team of experts from around the world, who met in Copenhagen in March 1988 to reach a consensus on the present state of understanding and to establish directions for future work.
Download or read book Human Papillomavirus written by Rajamanickam Rajkumar and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-07-13 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a feast of knowledge, yet a balanced diet of healthy foods. There are high values of rich essential nutrients from top-quality medical research. But they are made easily digestible and absorbable, even by health care providers and planners, working in resource-limited settings, in all parts of the world, through social implications and community applications. All the chapters are value-added master pieces. The book would serve both as a scientific reference guide and a practical work manual. The authors, editor, and Intech publishers, together, are pleased to provide the readers a precious blend of scientific excellence and social relevance, for health empowerment, globally. We wish the readers great success, savoring science and sociology together.
Download or read book Epidemiologic Investigation of the Value of Human Papillomavirus HPV Testing and Genotyping in Cervical Cancer Screening in Canada written by Sandra Isidean and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Papanicolaou (Pap) cytology-based cervical cancer screening was introduced in Canada decades ago, and has since led to substantial reductions in cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates. These rates have leveled off over the past decade, however, indicating that further gains under this screening paradigm are unlikely. The low sensitivity of Pap cytology, alongside costly infrastructure and personnel requirements needed to maintain effective cytology-based cervical screening programs, have also remained important limitations associated with this ongoing screening strategy. The understanding that virtually all cervical cancers are caused by persistent infection with oncogenic genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV), referred to as high-risk HPV (HR-HPV), has led to major advances in cervical cancer prevention, and a renewed focus on maximizing the effectiveness and efficiency of screening strategies in Canada and elsewhere.The overall aim of this doctoral research was to examine the clinical value of HR-HPV testing and genotyping among women undergoing routine primary cervical cancer screening in Canada. Data from the Canadian Cervical Cancer Screening Trial (CCCaST; n=10,154) were used to accomplish the following objectives: (i) evaluate the short-term (up to 36 months) ability of HPV DNA testing and Pap testing (individually and jointly) to detect high-grade cervical lesions and cervical cancer; (ii) assess the long-term (up to 120 months) prognostic value of HPV DNA testing and Pap testing (individually and jointly) to detect high-grade cervical lesions and cervical cancer; (iii) examine to what extent the separate detection of HPV genotypes in cervical samples provides additional risk stratification for detecting high-grade cervical lesions and cervical cancer among HPV+ women.Within this dissertation, the predictive abilities of enrollment HR-HPV testing (to include genotyping) and Pap cytology results to detect CIN2+ were assessed and compared using the Kaplan-Meier method, the log-rank test, and multivariable Cox proportional hazards (PH) regression during each of two follow-up periods (protocol-defined and extended). A flexible generalization of the Cox PH model allowed for simultaneous testing of the following important assumptions imposed a priori by a conventional Cox PH model: proportionality of hazards (PH assumption), and linearity of the relationship between continuous predictors and the logarithm of the hazard (linearity assumption). If one or both of these assumptions were rejected, non-proportional (i.e., time-dependent (TD)) and/or non-linear (NL) covariate effects were modeled. The performance of various HR-HPV and Pap cytology screening strategies to triage HR-HPV+ women to colposcopy were also compared.Work within this dissertation indicates that cervical cancer screening incorporating HR-HPV testing for women aged ≥30 years may allow for greater disease detection than cytology-based screening, and permit safe extensions of screening intervals. HR-HPV genotype-specific testing could provide further improvement in the positive predictive value of such screening. Primary HR-HPV testing also provided a similar or greater level of reassurance against disease risks as currently recommended screening strategies. Concerns surrounding primary HR-HPV screening (namely, its reduced specificity) may be effectively mitigated via triage of HR-HPV+ women to colposcopy and further follow-up. Finally, due to violations of the PH assumption, conventional Cox PH model estimates considerably underestimated adjusted hazard ratios associated with positive HR-HPV testing results, either alone or in conjunction with cytology results, early on in the follow-up periods." --
Download or read book Molecular Detection of Human Viral Pathogens written by Dongyou Liu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 1152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite being recognized and fought against over countless centuries, human viral pathogens continue to cause major public health problems worldwide-killing millions of people and costing billions of dollars in medical care and lost productivity each year. With contributions from specialists in their respective areas of viral pathogen research, Mol
Download or read book European Guidelines for Quality Assurance in Cervical Cancer Screening written by Marc Arbyn and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recoge: 1. Epidemiological guidelines for quality assurance in cervical cancer screening - 2. Methods for screening and diagnosis - 3. Laboratory guidelines and quality assurance practices for cytology - 4. Techniques and quality assurance guidelines for histopathology - 5. Management of abnormal cervical cytology - 6. Key performance indicators - 7. Annexes.
Download or read book Evaluation of a Human Papillomavirus Genotyping Assay for Cervical Cancer Screening in Tanzania written by Kandali S. Kapie and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mucosal high-risk Human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) has been identified as the primary factor in causing cervical cancer, the most common cancer in women of low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Cervical cancer screening, incorporating the HPV test shown to be more advantageous than screening by visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) alone. However, due to resources constrain these countries could not afford the available HPV tests. We, therefore, validated a cost-effective Multiplex PCR HPV (mPCR) assay, a recently developed assay for detecting sixteen genital HPV, fourteen HR-HPV and 2 low-risk genotypes. We postulate that this HPV multiplex assay will be at least as accurate as commercially available genotyping methods to detect HPV types (16,18,30,31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59 and 66) and two low-risk (LR) type 6 and 11. The assay demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity in detecting single and multiple HPV infections. Compared to a World Health Organization (WHO) validated assay, mPCR had an almost perfect agreement in detection of the sixteen HPV genotypes, 98% (102 out of 103 per samples); coefficient of agreement (k) value of 0.955 and 96.5% (110 out of 114 detection events); k value of 0.923. This assay may help in assessing cervical cancer in Tanzania and other LMICs when used together with Pap smear. In the second part of the study, we evaluated a mPCR melt-off assay for detection of the sixteen HPV mPCR products. We performed a two-step experiment; PCR amplification followed by a Real-time PCR melt-off assay using SYTO 82 Orange fluorescence dye in instead of Syber Green. We postulated that the assay could detect mPCR amplicons and would distinguish a few different genotypes of HPV, in a single reaction, if the amplicons had unique melting profiles. The assay was able to detect each of the sixteen HPV amplicons by their unique melting temperatures (Tms). When tested in triplicate experiments, each HPV amplicon gave consistent Tm measurements. However, we discovered that the assay could not clearly distinguish Tm peaks of more than 3 amplicons in a single sample. Instead, Tm peaks were merged together when there was less than a 1oC temperature difference of the Tms of the amplicons. Clear Tm peaks were observed when the Tms of the respective amplicon Tms were at least 2oC apart. The assay could still be simplified to detect one or two of the most abundant HR-HPV genotypes found in Tanzania. We predict that this assay would be cheaper than any commercial DNA test and could be used to triage women with lesions by helping to predict their risk for developing cervical cancer hence improve management of these women..
Download or read book The Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology written by Ritu Nayar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-13 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers clear, up-to-date guidance on how to report cytologic findings in cervical, vaginal and anal samples in accordance with the 2014 Bethesda System Update. The new edition has been expanded and revised to take into account the advances and experience of the past decade. A new chapter has been added, the terminology and text have been updated, and various terminological and morphologic questions have been clarified. In addition, new images are included that reflect the experience gained with liquid-based cytology since the publication of the last edition in 2004. Among more than 300 images, some represent classic examples of an entity while others illustrate interpretative dilemmas, borderline cytomorphologic features or mimics of epithelial abnormalities. The Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology, with its user-friendly format, is a “must have” for pathologists, cytopathologists, pathology residents, cytotechnologists, and clinicians.
Download or read book HPV and Cancer written by James A. Radosevich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-14 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “HPV and Cancer” is a concise read that covers all aspects of the Human Papilloma Virus as it relates to human cancers. While written by professionals, it design to be understandable by those that are not in the field, yet it has the technical details that professionals want to stay abreast of this changing field. The book starts out the history of HPV and progresses into the molecular biology of the virus and our current understand of the structure and functions of the proteins and genes it encodes. We then look at the dynamic trends of this infectious agent in the human population, how it interacts with human cells, and the role it plays with other organisms to produce both benign and malignant tumors. Lastly, there is a discussion about a new vaccine for HPV and the hopes that are held by many to change the trends with this virus and the associated cancers it produces.
Download or read book Comprehensive Cervical Cancer Control written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2006 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most women who die from cervical cancer, particularly in developing countries, are in the prime of their life. They may be raising children, caring for their family, and contributing to the social and economic life of their town or village. Their death is both a personal tragedy, and a sad and unnecessary loss to their family and their community. Unnecessary, because there is compelling evidence, as this Guide makes clear, that cervical cancer is one of the most preventable and treatable forms of cancer, as long as it is detected early and managed effectively. Unfortunately, the majority of women in developing countries still do not have access to cervical cancer prevention programmes. The consequence is that, often, cervical cancer is not detected until it is too late to be cured. An urgent effort is required if this situation is to be corrected. This Guide is intended to help those responsible for providing services aimed at reducing the burden posed by cervical cancer for women, communities and health systems. It focuses on the knowledge and skills needed by health care providers, at different levels of care.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Sexually Transmitted Infections written by Zekayi Kutlubay and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-09-06 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook includes the recent progresses and scientific knowledge from the leading experts in different approaches to control, diagnosis, and management depending on resources and facilities available. This book has been written by our colleagues from all over the world. This book is divided into six sections. Each section supplies particularly sexually transmitted infections, diagnostics, microorganism types, pathogenesis, and treatment options. Essential points in publishing this book are to improve our knowledge about sexually transmitted infections and new treatment modalities. One chapter of the book is devoted to viral infections and their treatment. We think that this textbook will serve as a comprehensive guide to many physicians dealing with sexually transmitted infections in their clinical practice. It will hopefully be a precious source for dermatologists, educators, other physicians, and medical students.
Download or read book Colposcopy of Female Genital Tract written by Sumita Mehta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-31 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to promote awareness of and highlight the screening modalities and various treatment options available for the management of cervical pre-invasive lesions. Cervical cancer is the leading cause of malignancy among women worldwide, and deaths due to cervical cancer represent a global health problem. Yet the risk of cervical malignancy can be decreased substantially if the premalignant conditions of the cervix are recognized and treated in a timely manner. Colposcopy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of cervical dysplasia. Accordingly, the book details the fundamentals of colposcopy and colposcopic assessment of the normal and abnormal cervix. With preventive oncology taking front stage, colposcopy has become one of the most important diagnostic tools available. With chapters contributed by respected experts in this field, the book offers vital insights into colposcopy and an essential guide to comprehensive strategies for the early detection of cervical cancer. The main text is complemented by ample illustrations for clarity and a better understanding of the subject. Case discussions on various clinical scenarios will further ensure good clinical practices, which will in turn translate into reduced risk of cervical cancer.
Download or read book Red Book 2015 written by David W. Kimberlin and published by . This book was released on 2015-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The AAP's authoritative guide to the manifestations, etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of more than 200 childhood conditions." -- Provided by publisher.
Download or read book Colposcopy and Treatment of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia written by John W. Sellors and published by International Agency for Research on Cancer. This book was released on 2003 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many women in developing countries, such as sub-Saharan Africa, south and south-east Asia, and central and south America, there is a high risk of cervical cancer, but a lack of effective programmes to detect and treat such a problem. This introductory manual is intended to simply the learning of colposcopy (a diagnostic and evaluation method for cervical intraepithelia neoplasia, or cervical cancer).
Download or read book WHO Classification of Tumours of Female Reproductive Organs written by Robert J. Kurman and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2014 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WHO Classification of Tumours of Female Reproductive Organs is the sixth volume in the 4th Edition of the WHO series on histological and genetic typing of human tumours. This authoritative, concise reference book provides an international standard for oncologists and pathologists and will serve as an indispensable guide for use in the design of studies monitoring response to therapy and clinical outcome. Diagnostic criteria, pathological features, and associated genetic alterations are described in a strictly disease-oriented manner. Sections on all recognized neoplasms and their variants include new ICD-O codes, epidemiology, clinical features, macroscopy, pathology, genetics, and prognosis and predictive factors. The book, prepared by 91 authors from 19 countries, contains more than 400 colour images and tables, and more than 2100 references
Download or read book Diagnostic Meta Analysis written by Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first exclusively devoted to the systematic synthesis of diagnostic test accuracy studies. It builds upon the major recent developments in reporting standards, search methods, and, in particular, statistical tools specifically devoted to diagnostic studies. In addition, it borrows extensively from the latest advances in systematic reviews and meta-analyses of intervention studies. After a section dedicated to methods for designing reviews, synthesizing evidence and appraising inconsistency in research, the application of these approaches is demonstrated in the context of case studies from various clinical disciplines. Diagnosis is central in medical decision-making, and in many other fields of human endeavor, such as education and psychology. The plurality of sources of evidence on diagnostic test accuracy poses a huge challenge for practitioners and researchers, as do the multiple dimensions of evidence validity, which include sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios. This book offers an invaluable resource for anyone aiming to improve decision-making processes in diagnosis, classification or risk prognostication, from epidemiologists to biostatisticians, radiologists, laboratory physicians and graduate students, as any physician interested in refining his methodological skills in clinical diagnosis.
