Download or read book New Case Studies on the Coexistence of GM and Non GM Crops in European Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book GMO Coexistence Research in European Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book New Case Studies on the Co existence of GM and Non GM Crops in European Agriculture written by Klaus Menrad and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Coexistence of Genetically Modified Organic and Conventional Foods written by Nicholas Kalaitzandonakes and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since their commercial introduction in 1996, genetically modified (GM) crops have been adopted by farmers around the world at impressive rates. In 2011, 180 million hectares of GM crops were cultivated by more than 15 million farmers in 29 countries. In the next decade, global adoption is expected to grow even faster as the research pipeline for new biotech traits and crops has increased almost fourfold in the last few years. The adoption of GM crops has led to increased productivity, while reducing pesticide use and the emissions of agricultural greenhouse gases, leading to broadly distributed economic benefits across the global food supply chain. Despite the rapid uptake of GM crops, the various social and economic benefits as well as the expanding rate innovation, the use of GM crops remains controversial in parts of the world. Despite the emergence of coexistence between GM, organic and conventional crops as a key policy and practical issue of global scale, there is no coherent literature that addresses it directly. Governments and market stakeholders in many countries are grappling with policy alternatives that settle conflicting property rights, minimize negative market externalities and associated liabilities, maximize the economic benefits of innovation and allow producer and consumer choice. This book intends to fill these needs with contributions from the top theoreticians, legal and economic analysts, policy makers and industry practitioners in the field. As the economics and policy of coexistence start to emerge as an separate subfield in agricultural, environmental and natural resource economics with an increasing number of scholars working on the topic, the book will also provide a comprehensive base in the literature for those entering the area, making it of interest to students, scholars and policy-makers alike.

Download or read book International Trade and Policies for Genetically Modified Products written by Robert Eugene Evenson and published by CABI. This book was released on 2006 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part 1: Analytical Studies: 1.Biotechnology risks and project interdependence, Odin K. Knudsen and Pasquale L. Scandizzo. 2. Restricted monopoly R & D pricing: uncertainty, irreversibility and non-market effect, Robert D. Weaver and Justus Wesseler. 3. Biotechnology and the emergence of club behavior in agricultural trade, Monika Tothova and James F. Oehmke. 4. The labelling of genetically modified products in a global trading environment, Stefania Scandizzo. Part 2: Empirical trade studies: 5. Tree biotechnology: regulation and international trade, Roger A. Sedjo. 6. Commercialized products of biotechnology and trade pattern effects, Stuart Smyth, William A. Kerr and Kelley A. Davey. Part 3: Spillover dimensions: 7. The coexistence of GM and non-GM arable crops in the EU: economic and market considerations, Graham Brookes. 8. Research spillovers in biotech industry: The case of canola, Richard S. Gray, Stavroula Malla and Kien Tran. 9. Mergers, acquisitions and flows of agbiotech intellectual property, David Schimmelpfennig and John King. 10. The Impact of regulation on the development of new products in the food industry, Klaus Menrad and Knut Blind. Part 4: Intellectual property rights. 11. Patents versus plant varietal protection, Derek Eaton and Frank van Tongerun. 12. Governing innovative science: challenges facing the commercialization of plant-made pharmaceuticals, Stuart Smyth, George Khachatourians and Peter W.B. Phillips. 13. Are GURTs needed to remedy intellectual property failures and environmental Problems with GM Crops?, Geoff Budd. Part 5: Applied general equilibrium trade models 14. Economic effects of producing or banning G.M. crops, Janine Flatau and P. Michael Schmitz. 15. Opposition to genetically modified wheat and global food security, Faycal Haggui, Peter W.B. Phillips and Richard S. Gray. 16. International impacts of Bt cotton adoption, George B. Frisvold, Russell Trosvold, Russell Tronstad and Jeanne M. Reeves.

Download or read book Coexistence of Genetically Modified Conventional and Organic Crops in the Nordic Countries written by Karina L. Vintersborg and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genetically Engineered Crops written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-01-28 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.

Download or read book Coexistence of Genetically Modified GM and Non GM Crops in the European Union written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genetically Modified Crops written by Nuffield Council on Bioethics and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Scenarios for Co existence of Genetically Modified Conventional and Organic Crops in European Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genetically Modified and non Genetically Modified Food Supply Chains written by Yves Bertheau and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-09-10 with total page 967 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the European Union nations, and other countries including Japan, Australia and Malaysia, it is a legal requirement that food products containing genetically modified organism (GMO) materials are labelled as such in order that customers may make informed purchasing decisions. For manufacturers and consumers to be confident about these assertions, systems must be in place along the entire food chain which support the co-existence of GM and non GM materials whilst maintaining a strict segregation between the two. This book is an output of a European Union-funded project entitled "Co-Extra: GM and non-GM food and feed supply chains: their Co-Existence and Traceability". The objective of this four year project is to provide practical tools and methods for implementing co-existence that will: enable the co-existence of genetically modified (GM) and non-GM crops enable the segregation and tracing of genetically modified organism (GMO) materials and derived products along the food and feed chains anticipate the future expansion of the use of GMOs The project is designed to foster a robustly science-based debate amongst all of the stakeholders involved in the food and feed chains, and the tools will be assessed not only from a technical point of view but with regard to the economic and legal aspects. It also surveys the GMO-related legal regimes and practices that exist in and beyond the EU. This book examines the practical tools and methods available to implement the co-existence and traceability of GM and non-GM food materials along the entire food and feed chains, as demanded by consumers and by legislation in force in the EU and elsewhere. GM and Non-GM Supply Foods is a source of valuable information for food manufacturers, food research institutions and regulatory bodies internationally.

Download or read book Summary of Main Co Extra Deliverables Results Perspectives Information Dissemination Application written by Yves Bertheau and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Co-Extra is an FP6 (contract 007158) research program of the priority 5 (Food safety and quality) of the European Commission which started in April 2005 and finishes in September 2009. Its main aim is to provide practical tools to implement coexistence and traceability for the coexistence of supply chains using either GMO, conventional products or organic agriculture derived products. This integrated project completes the two complementary STREPS: SIGMEA working mostly on field coexistence and transcontainer focusing on biocontainment. The coexistence is understood as the ability to farmers to produce the agricultural products they wish, while still enabling the freedom of choice of consumers. The documentary and analytical traceability studied in Co-Extra are two tools necessary for both managing the coexistence of supply chains and controlling the results of this management. The products to be managed originate either from the European agriculture or from imports from third countries. In several aspects this management of supply chains does not differ from systems already in place, such as waxy maize, or seeds productions. The segregation of such specialities is quite well known and controlled in the EU and several third countries, and does not impact too much European supply chains costs. The main issue in segregating GM and non-GM products lies thus in a rather low labelling threshold of 0.9% and the use of the DNA unit to measure this, as recommended by the EC. Co-Extra first attempted to address coexistence from the farm to the retailer by starting empirical studies and modelling in fields, and studying their outcomes management in the upper parts of the supply chains. Gene flow studies on long distance of pollen dispersion on fragmented landscape were undertaken and statistical models were validated for e.g. maize. Biocontainment methods, designed to minimize gene flow, were also studied. The effects of seeds admixtures, as well as those of stacked genes, on fields outcomes on current pollen flow models and seeds purity were assessed. Costs-benefits analyses of coexistence and traceability were undertaken while looking for the most cost-effective detection methods to reduce their impact on the final costs. The practices of traders and third countries farmers were analyzed in order to determine trends that may predict the future of European supply chains. As a consequence of the 178/02 European regulation, documentary traceability is a well known and implemented practice in European companies. GMO traceability differs from this general request of traceability by adding a longer period of documents preservation. Studies of documentary traceability, particularly in third countries, were undertaken for its positive impact on cost-effectiveness on final prices and its current use in the EU. While the European policy opened the door to analytical controls, documentary traceability is a underestimated way to trace products at the lowest costs in supply chains provided the critical points of supply chains are clearly identified and mastered after initial analytical controls. As it was exemplified in a previous European study (Kelda / Keste) sampling large batches such as shipments of several thousand tons is not an easy task. The same apply to sampling in fields. As sampling is also carried out for several other purposes such as mycotoxins, pathogens, allergens, a survey of sampling plans was carried out and the interest of combining different sampling plans tested. Thanks to the 1829/03 and 1830/03 regulations, detection methods (currently Quantitative Real-Time PCR) of EU approved GMOs are all validated through collaborative trials by the CRL (Community Reference Laboratory of the Joint Research Centre at Ispra). However, the implementation of such methods validated by using a particular chemistry and generally a particular kind of apparatus may be costly and thus induce inappropriate analytical costs. Co-Extra thus decided to compare chemistries and apparatuses to provide an enlarged freedom to laboratories applying these techniques. Alternative detection methods to PCR were also studied as well as fit-for-purpose apparatus to be used in fields. More generally speaking, several ways to improve the cost-effectiveness of current analytical methods were assessed. As the GMO production is increasing worldwide, numerous incidents of involuntary release of GMO occurred over the last years. GMO approved earlier in third country (e.g. asynchronous approvals between e.g. USA and the EU) have appeared on the European markets. More worrying, newcomers in GMO production, such as some emerging countries, have developed unapproved GMO which have now reached the European markets. In response to this arrival of several EU unapproved GMO, Co-Extra launched studies for developing detection methods for detecting EU unapproved GMOs. The same applied to GMO with stacked genes; some being unapproved though their isolated counterpart may be approved, and to determine accurately the kernels contents of samples having GMO mixtures of stacked and non-stacked genes. In order to retrieve information from stakeholders and share results with stakeholders, a dialogue was initiated through the web site, newsletters, focus groups, and a Stakeholder Advisory Board. In addition, the interviews carried out for the supply chains management and economic studies. This dialogue was also improved during a large study of consumers' attitudes and opinions in several European countries. From some attitudes observed in the focus groups Co-Extra started studies on how to solve the issue of 'low botanical presence', where , for example a non GMO cargo may be admixed with very low levels of a different GMO cultivar. The coexistence and the impact of traceability are both legal issues, thus several studies were launched on the current status of coexistence and traceability legal frame, liability and redress mechanisms. As the scientific expertise per se is also prone to legal contests, a study was launched on this, as well a cost-benefit analysis from a legal point of view on a supply chain case study. All the results to be issued from Co-Extra are difficult to synthesize in a way that makes them easily made available and mastered, particularly by all stakeholders such as SMEs. This is also true for the laboratories analysts who in routinely face several issues difficult to solve (as for instance the detection of unapproved GMO). Co-Extra thus launched a set of modules of a DSS (Decision Support System), integrating economic parts, management of supply chains with decision rules, laboratory analytical parts including careful assessment of the need for detecting unapproved GMOs in a sample. All together, the 4 years research of Co-Extra has been performed by more than 200 scientists, with their teams and has been attempting to provide insights of current practices and solutions to issues as well as providing solutions for unpredictable situations. For the first time, a EU research program has been addressing the whole supply chains, from seeds to retailers shelves, their practices, their requirements for taking into account both their current solutions and providing new ones. The needs of the supply chains and their impact on production of crops provided new questions on coexistence and traceability, including cost- and time-effectiveness of analytical methods. The practical implementation of the several observations and solutions developed by Co-Extra will have important technical, scientific, economic and legal impacts.

Download or read book Handbook on Agriculture Biotechnology and Development written by Stuart J. Smyth and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2014-03-28 with total page 881 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a compendium of knowledge, experience and insight on agriculture, biotechnology and development. Beginning with an account of GM crop adoptions and attitudes towards them, the book assesses numerous crucial processes, concluding with detai

Download or read book Safety of Genetically Engineered Foods written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-07-08 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assists policymakers in evaluating the appropriate scientific methods for detecting unintended changes in food and assessing the potential for adverse health effects from genetically modified products. In this book, the committee recommended that greater scrutiny should be given to foods containing new compounds or unusual amounts of naturally occurring substances, regardless of the method used to create them. The book offers a framework to guide federal agencies in selecting the route of safety assessment. It identifies and recommends several pre- and post-market approaches to guide the assessment of unintended compositional changes that could result from genetically modified foods and research avenues to fill the knowledge gaps.

Download or read book Governing Risk in GM Agriculture written by Michael Baram and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-11-08 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the issues and methods involved in governing risks posed by genetically modified (GM) agriculture. It examines the evolution of policies intended to ensure the safety of GM crops and food products in the United States and Europe and the regulatory approaches and other social controls employed to protect human health, the environment, conventional farming and foods, and the interests and rights of consumers. Discussion encompasses the cultural, political and economic forces that shape the design and application of the methods of risk governance, as well as other contextual features such as the influence of multinational companies seeking acceptance of their GM ventures. This discussion also examines the influence of the dynamic public discourse fostered by progressive concepts of risk governance and the approaches taken to meet its demands for transparency, public participation and appropriate consideration of public perceptions and values despite conflicting views of experts.

Download or read book The Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms written by Luc Bodiguel and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The regulation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) continues to generate controversy. On the one hand, they are actively promoted by the biotechnology industry as vital to ensuring food security. Yet, on the other hand, consumer resistance persists, not least in the European Union, and such lack of confidence extends not just to GM food itself but also to the regulatory regime, where legal issues are inextricably linked with economics and politics. This edited collection provides a novel contribution to the ongoing debate, recognizing that the legislative environment is complicated by forces as varied as national public opinion and world trade commitments. The book is divided into four parts. The first of these addresses the influence in this context of both civil society and economic imperatives. The second part is directed more specifically to the measures that have been implemented in the European Union, considering multi-level governance, wider aspects of food law, co-existence with conventional and organic crops, and environmental liability. The third part is comparative in focus, with chapters covering the diverse regimes implemented in Africa, Australia, North America and South America. The book concludes with chapters on world trade and international considerations, including analysis of the Biotech case.

Download or read book Genetically Modified and Irradiated Food written by Veslemøy Andersen and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-01-09 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetically Modified and Irradiated Food: Controversial Issues: Facts versus Perceptions explains the technologies used in these processes so they can be understood by those in general public health, scientific organizations, politicians and opinion makers/policymakers. The facts presented include a massive amount of scientific evidence that these technologies are safe and can be beneficial. Because the world is facing a future with an increasing number of people, new technologies are needed to ensure enough safe and healthy food, thus technologies that have the potential to dramatically increase the availability of safe and healthy food should be welcomed by everybody. Includes references to science based research on GMOs Explains the technologies in a clear way that can be understood by the general public Includes a massive amount of scientific evidence that these technologies are safe and can be beneficial