Download or read book Neutron Damage in Mechanically Cooled High Purity Germanium Detectors for Field Portable Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis PGNAA Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation (PGNAA) systems require the use of a gamma-ray spectrometer to record the gamma-ray spectrum of an object under test and allow the determination of the object's composition. Field-portable systems, such as Idaho National Laboratory's PINS system, have used standard liquid-nitrogen-cooled high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors to perform this function. These detectors have performed very well in the past, but the requirement of liquid-nitrogen cooling limits their use to areas where liquid nitrogen is readily available or produced on-site. Also, having a relatively large volume of liquid nitrogen close to the detector can impact some assessments, possibly leading to a false detection of explosives or other nitrogen-containing chemical. Use of a mechanically-cooled HPGe detector is therefore very attractive for PGNAA applications where nitrogen detection is critical or where liquid-nitrogen logistics are problematic. Mechanically-cooled HPGe detectors constructed from p-type germanium, such as Ortec's trans-SPEC, have been commercially available for several years. In order to assess whether these detectors would be suitable for use in a fielded PGNAA system, Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has been performing a number of tests of the resistance of mechanically-cooled HPGe detectors to neutron damage. These detectors have been standard commercially-available p-type HPGe detectors as well as prototype n-type HPGe detectors. These tests compare the performance of these different detector types as a function of crystal temperature and incident neutron fluence on the crystal.
Download or read book Comparison of Germanium Detectors for Neutron Activation Analysis for Mercury written by Robert V. Moore and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High energy Proton Radiation Damage of High purity Germanium Detectors written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Motivated by their applicability to gamma-ray spectroscopy experiments in space, quantitative studies of radiation damage effects in high-purity germanium detectors due to high-energy charged particles have been initiated with the irradiation by 6 GeV/c protons of two 1.0 cm thick planar detectors maintained at 88°K. The threshold for resolution degradation and the annealing characteristics differs markedly from those previously observed for detectors irradiated by fast neutrons. Under proton bombardment, degradation in the energy resolution was found to begin below 7 x 107 protons/cm2, and increased proportionately in both detectors until the experiment was terminated at a total flux of 5.7 x 108 protons/cm2, equivalent to about a six year exposure to cosmic-ray protons in space. At the end of the irradiation, the FWHM resolution measured at 1332 keV stood at 8.5 and 13.6 keV, with both detectors of only marginal utility as a spectrometer due to the severe tailing caused by charge trapping. The two detectors displayed a significant difference in proton damage sensitivity, which is consistent with fast neutron damage effects. To ensure that detector variability did not influence the comparison of proton- and neutron-induced damage effects, one of the detectors had been used previously in a neutron damage experiment. The threshold for high-energy proton damage was found to be markedly lower, roughly 5 x 107 protons/cm2, compared to 3 x 109 neutrons/cm2 for fast neutrons. Annealing these detectors after proton damage was found to be much easier than after neutron damage. A satisfactory level of recovery after high-energy proton damage can be achieved with in-situ annealing in the range of 100°C.
Download or read book Neutron Generators for Analytical Purposes written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA Radiation Technology Repo. This book was released on 2012 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication addresses recent developments in neutron generator (NG) technology. It presents information on compact instruments with high neutron yield to be used for neutron activation analysis (NAA) and prompt gamma neutron activation analysis in combination with high count rate spectrometers. Traditional NGs have been shown to be effective for applications including borehole logging, homeland security, nuclear medicine and the on-line analysis of aluminium, coal and cement. Pulsed fast thermal neutron analysis, as well as tagged and timed neutron analysis, are additional techniques which can be applied using NG. Furthermore, NG can effectively be used for elemental analysis and is also effective for analysis of hidden materials by neutron radiography. Useful guidelines for developing NG based research laboratories are also provided in this publication.
Download or read book Fast Neutron Radiation Damage of High purity Germanium Detectors written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Measuring and Correlating Neutron Exposure and Damage in Graphite written by R. E. Dahl and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanically Cooled Large Volume Germanium Detector Systems for Nuclear Explosion Monitoring DOENA27323 1 written by E. L. Hull and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compact maintenance free mechanical cooling systems are being developed to operate large volume germanium detectors for field applications. To accomplish this we are utilizing a newly available generation of Stirling-cycle mechanical coolers to operate the very largest volume germanium detectors with no maintenance. The user will be able to leave these systems unplugged on the shelf until needed. The flip of a switch will bring a system to life in ~ 1 hour for measurements. The maintenance-free operating lifetime of these detector systems will exceed 5 years. These features are necessary for remote long-duration liquid-nitrogen free deployment of large-volume germanium gamma-ray detector systems for Nuclear Explosion Monitoring. The Radionuclide Aerosol Sampler/Analyzer (RASA) will greatly benefit from the availability of such detectors by eliminating the need for liquid nitrogen at RASA sites while still allowing the very largest available germanium detectors to be reliably utilized.
Download or read book Neutron and Gamma Irradiation Damage in High Purity Germanium At 4 2 Degrees K and Its Recovery to 80 Degrees K written by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fast Neutron Damage in Germanium Detectors written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of fast neutron radiation damage on the performance of both Ge(Li) and Ge(HP) detectors have been studied during the past decade and will be summarized. A review of the interaction processes leading to the defect structures causing trapping will be made. The neutron energy dependence of observable damage effects will be considered in terms of interaction and defect production cross sections.
Download or read book Radiation Accidents written by G. S. Hurst and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Measurement of Absorbed Dose of Neutrons and of Mixtures of Neutrons and Gamma Rays written by National Committee on Radiation Protection and Measurements (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Waarom de derde orde written by and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comparison of Germanium Detectors for Neutron Activation Analysis for Mercury written by Robert V. Moore and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Applications of Research Reactors written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by International Atomic Energy Agency. This book was released on 2014 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is a comprehensive study that reviews the current situation in a great number of applications of research reactors. It revises the contents of IAEA TECDOC-1234, The Applications of Research Reactors, giving detailed updates on each field of research reactor uses worldwide. Reactors of all sizes and capabilities can benefit from the sharing of current practices and research enabled via this updated version, which describes the requirements for practicing methods as diverse as neutron activation analysis, education and training, neutron scattering and neutron imaging, silicon doping and radioisotope production, material/fuel irradiation and testing, and some others. Many underutilised research reactors can learn how to diversify their technical capabilities, staff and potential commercial partners and users seeking research reactor services and products. The content of the publication has also been strengthened in terms of current issues facing the vast majority of research reactors by including sections describing user and customer relations as well as strategic planning considerations.
Download or read book Prompt Gamma ray and Cyclic Neutron Activation Analysis with Applications written by C. A. Adesanmi and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Low Temperature Neutron Irradiation Damage and Its Recovery in High Purity Germanium written by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Prompt gamma ray neutron activation analysis for multi element determination in sediment samples written by Michael Spychala and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
