Download or read book Neurovision Neural bases of binocular vision and coordination and their implications in visual training programs written by Olivier A. Coubard and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-10-12 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Binocular vision is achieved by five neurovisual systems originating in the retina but varying in their destination within the brain. Two systems have been widely studied: the retino-tectal or retino-collicular route, which subserves an expedient and raw estimate of the visual scene through the magnocellular pathway, and the retino-occipital or retino-cortical route, which allows slower but refined analysis of the visual scene through the parvocellular pathway. But there also exist further neurovisual systems: the retino-hypothalamic, retino-pretectal, and accessory optic systems, which play a crucial role in vision though they are less understood. The retino-pretectal pathway projecting onto the pretectum is critical for the pupillary or photomotor reflex. The retino-hypothalamic pathway projecting onto the suprachiasmatic nucleus regulates numerous behavioral and biological functions as well as circadian rhythms. The accessory optic system targeting terminal lateral, medial and dorsal nuclei through the paraoptic fasciculus plays a role in head and gaze orientation as well as slow movements. Taken together, these neurovisual systems involve 60% of brain activity, thus highlighting the importance of vision in the functioning and regulation of the central nervous system. But vision is first and foremost action, which makes perception impossible without movement. Binocular coordination is a prerequisite for binocular fusion of the object of interest on the two foveas, thus ensuring visual perception. The retino-collicular pathway is sufficient to elicit reflexive eye movements with short latencies. Thanks to its motor neurons, the superior colliculus activates premotor neurons, which themselves activate motor neurons of the oculomotor, trochlear and abducens nuclei. At a higher level, a cascade of neural mechanisms participates in the control of decisional eye movements. The superior colliculus is controlled by the substancia nigra pars reticulata, which is itself gated by subcortical structures such as the dorsal striatum. The superior colliculus is also inhibited by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex through a direct prefrontotectal tract. Cortical areas are crucial for the triggering of eye movements: the frontal eye field, supplementary eye field, and parietal eye field. Finally the cerebellum maintains accuracy. The focus of the present research topic, entitled Neural bases of binocular vision and coordination and their implications in visual training programs, is to review the most recent findings in brain imaging and neurophysiology of binocular vision and coordination in humans and animals with frontally-placed eyes. The emphasis is put on studies that enable transfer of knowledge toward visual training programs targeting visual field defects (e.g., hemianopia) and binocular functional disorders (e.g., amblyopia).
Download or read book Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems written by Nathan F. Lepora and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-11 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems, Living Machines 2016, held in Edinburgh, UK, in July 2016. The 34 full and 27 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 63 submissions.The theme of the conference encompasses biomimetic methods for manufacture, repair and recycling inspired by natural processes such as reproduction, digestion, morphogenesis and metamorphosis.
Download or read book Visual Perception written by Lothar Spillmann and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an interdisciplinary overview of the main facts and theories that guide contemporary research on visual perception. While the chapters cover virtually all areas of visual science, from philosophical foundations to computational algorithms, and from photoreceptor processes to neuronal networks, no attempt has been made to provide an exhaustive treatment of these topics. Rather, researchers from such diverse disciplines as psychology, neurophysiology, anatomy, and clinical vision sciences have worked together to review some of the most important correlations between perceptual phenomena and the underlying neurophysiological processes and mechanisms. The book is thus intended to serve as an advanced text for graduate students and as a guide for all vision researchers to understanding current progress outside their specialized fields of interest. ï Examines parallel processing of visual informationï Discusses links between physiologically-measured receptive fields and psychophysically-measured perceptive fieldsï Presents a spatial sampling by the retina and cortical modulesï Covers signal transduction and the sites of adaptationï Describes a single-cell analysis of attentionï Discusses computational models of vision
Download or read book Central Processing of Visual Information A Integrative Functions and Comparative Data written by H. Autrum and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present volume covers the physiology of the visual system beyond the optic nerve. It is a continuation of the two preceding parts on the photochemistry and the physiology of the eye, and forms a bridge from them to the fourth part on visual psychophysics. These fields have all developed as independent speciali ties and need integrating with each other. The processing of visual information in the brain cannot be understood without some knowledge of the preceding mechanisms in the photoreceptor organs. There are two fundamental reasons, ontogenetic and functional, why this is so: 1) the retina of the vertebrate eye has developed from a specialized part of the brain; 2) in processing their data the eyes follow physiological principles similar to the visual brain centres. Peripheral and central functions should also be discussed in context with their final synthesis in subjective experience, i. e. visual perception. Microphysiology and ultramicroscopy have brought new insights into the neuronal basis of vision. These investigations began in the periphery: HARTLINE'S pioneering experiments on single visual elements of Limulus in 1932 started a successful period of neuronal recordings which ascended from the retina to the highest centres in the visual brain. In the last two decades modern electron microscopic techniques and photochemical investigations of single photoreceptors further contributed to vision research.
Download or read book Representations of Vision written by Andrei Gorea and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1991-04-26 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This stimulating volume on vision extends well beyond the traditional areas of vision research and places the subject in a much broader philosophical context. The emphasis throughout is to integrate and illuminate the visual process. The first three parts of the volume provide authoritative overviews on computational vision and neural networks, on the neurophysiology of visual cortex processing, and on eye-movement research. Each of these parts illustrates how different research perspectives may jointly solve fundamental problems related to the efficiency of visual perception, to the relationship between vision and eye-movements and to the neurophysiological 'codes' underlying our visual perceptions. In the fourth part, leading vision scientists introduce the reader to some major philosophical problems in vision research such as the nature of 'ultimate' codes for perceptual events, the duality of psycho-physics, the bases of visual recognition and the paradigmatic foundations of computer-vision research.
Download or read book Binocular Vision and Stereopsis written by Ian P. Howard and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1995 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a comprehensive survey of binocular vision, with an emphasis on its role in the perception of a three-dimensional world. The central theme is biological vision. Machine vision and computational models are discussed where they contribute to an understanding of living systems.
Download or read book The Neurology of Vision written by Jonathan D. Trobe and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2001-03-29 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Neurology of Vision sets out the principles and information needed to understand and manage disorders of the visual pathways in the brain. The author divides vision into three components. The optical component addresses the eye's ability to properly focus light on the retina. The retinocortical component converts light into neural signals in the retina, transmitting them to the primary visual cortex. Finally, the integrative component converts this simple visual information into more complicated forms. The symptoms and signs, testing methods, and diseases of each part of the visual system are presented using this unique, structural component approach. A final chapter discusses the visual manifestations of psychiatric disturbances. The book is heavily illustrated with over 150 beautifully rendered line illustrations, 50 radiographic brain images, and 60 retinal photographs. Case studies with teaching questions are also included, to further the reader's knowledge and test understanding.
Download or read book Seeing written by Karen K. De Valois and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2000-04-28 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most remarkable things about seeing is how effortless this complex task appears to be. This book provides a comprehensive overview of research on the myriad complexities of this task. Coverage includes such classic topics as color, spatial, and binocular vision, areas that have seen a recent explosion of new information such as motion vision, image formation and sampling, and areas where new tools have allowed a better investigation into processes (e.g. neural representation of shape, visual attention). Seeing is a needed reference for researchers specializing in visual perception and is suitable for advance courses on vision.
Download or read book Binocular Vision written by Jacques McCoun and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Binocular vision" literally means vision with two eyes, and refers to the special attributes of vision with both eyes open, rather than one eye only. Our perception under binocular conditions represents a highly complex co-ordination of motor and sensory processes and is markedly different from and more sophisticated than vision with one eye alone. This book reviews our ability to use both eyes, while also providing basic information on the development of binocular vision and on the clinical disorders that interfere with our depth perception, such as strabismus and amblyopia. This book also describes the development of eye movement control, particularly those that are important for reading. In addition, the authors of this book review the phenomenon of ocular dominance (OD) in the light of the types of test used to identify it; question whether inter-test agreement of OD in an individual might be anticipated, and address some practical implications of OD as demonstrated in healthy eyes and in cases where there is compromised binocular function. Other chapters in this book disclose new methodologies in congenital nystagmus eye movements analysis and evaluate heterophoria as an important element of assessment of binocular vision disorders.
Download or read book Seeing Space written by Robert A. Crone and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spatial vision is a subject in which philosophy, psychology, ophthalmology, neurophysiology and pathology meet. It is the unique contribution of this book that gives a survey of the whole subject, in historical perspective. The author, a former professor of ophthalmology at the University of Amsterdam, is an authority in the field of binocular visi
Download or read book Seeing in Depth Basic mechanisms written by Ian P. Howard and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Visual Perception written by Nicholas Wade and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vision is our dominant sense. We derive most of our information about the world - about where things are, how they move and what they are - from the light that enters the eye and the processing in the brain that follows. Yet, despite the fact that we know more about vision than any other sense, we still do not understand how these functions are performed.
Download or read book Binocular Vision written by Jacques McCoun and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Applied Concepts in Vision Therapy 2 0 written by Leonard J. Press and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Power of Lenses written by Marc B. Taub and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Artificial Intelligence in Ophthalmology written by Andrzej Grzybowski and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-13 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a wide-ranging overview of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms in ophthalmology. Expertly written chapters examine AI in age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, retinopathy of prematurity and diabetic retinopathy screening. AI perspectives, systems and limitations are all carefully assessed throughout the book as well as the technical aspects of DL systems for retinal diseases including the application of Google DeepMind, the Singapore algorithm, and the Johns Hopkins algorithm. Artificial Intelligence in Ophthalmology meets the need for a resource that reviews the benefits and pitfalls of AI, ML and DL in ophthalmology. Ophthalmologists, optometrists, eye-care workers, neurologists, cardiologists, internal medicine specialists, AI engineers and IT specialists with an interest in how AI can help with early diagnosis and monitoring treatment in ophthalmic patients will find this book to be an indispensable guide to an evolving area of healthcare technology.
Download or read book Sports Vision written by Graham B. Erickson and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2020-11-24 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From basic eye care services to visual performance training, this evidence-based resource explores a range of sports vision services, including assessment and treatment procedures, outcome expectations, and applications to a variety of sports. Optometrists, ophthalmologists, and sports medicine practitioners will find a thorough review and discussion of the role of vision care in an athlete's performance, as well as practical recommendations for applying current research findings to clinical practice. Contains practical, clinically oriented chapters on visual assessment, prescribing, and ocular injuries in athletes. Takes a task analysis approach allowing the reader to develop solid reasoning skills and evaluate information needed for clinical practice. Includes a new chapter on Assessment and Management of Sports-Related Concussion. Features visual aids throughout including photographs, tables, and boxes to help clarify and visualize important concepts. Addresses sports vision training approaches and updated digital options reflecting the collaboration between athletic trainers, optometrists, and ophthalmologists in helping optimize vision in athletes.
