Download or read book Fluency and Disfluency Across Languages and Language Varieties written by Liesbeth Degand and published by Presses universitaires de Louvain. This book was released on 2019-03-08 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluency and disfluency are characteristic of online language production and may be signalled by markers such as filled and unfilled pauses, discourse markers, repeats or self-repairs, which can be said to reflect ongoing mechanisms of processing and monitoring. The Fluency & Disfluency across Languages and Language Varieties conference held at the University of Louvain in February 2017 marked the closing of a five-year research project dedicated to the multimodal and contrastive investigation of fluency and disfluency in (L1 and L2) English, French and French Belgian sign language, with a focus on variation according to language, speaker and genre. The closing conference was intended as an opportunity to further expand the range of languages, language varieties and genres studied from the (dis)fluency perspective. The selection of papers in this volume re ects the diversity of approaches aiming to uncover the ways in which fluency and disfluency are conceived in language production and comprehension and how they are signalled. Topics include methodological challenges in cross-linguistic (dis)fluency research, the role of contextual features in professional and non-professional settings, and the characteristics of fluency and disfluency in second language speech. Of particular importance in all contributions is the ambivalent role of pauses, discourse markers, repeats and other markers, which can be both a symptom of encoding difficulties and a sign that the speaker is trying to help the hearer decode the message. They should thus be interpreted in context to identify their contribution to fluency and/or disfluency, which can be viewed as two sides of the same coin.
Download or read book Cognitive Training written by Tilo Strobach and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-16 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together a cutting edge international team of contributors to critically review the current knowledge regarding the effectiveness of training interventions designed to improve cognitive functions in different target populations. There is substantial evidence that cognitive and physical training can improve cognitive performance, but these benefits seem to vary as a function of the type and the intensity of interventions and the way training-induced gains are measured and analyzed. This book further fulfills the need for clarification of the mechanisms underlying cognitive and neural changes occurring after training. This book offers a comprehensive overview of empirical findings and methodological approaches of cognitive training research in different cognitive domains (memory, executive functions, etc.), types of training (working memory training, video game training, physical training, etc.), age groups (from children to young and older adults), target populations (children with developmental disorders, aging workers, MCI patients etc.), settings (laboratory-based studies, applied studies in clinical and educational settings), and methodological approaches (behavioral studies, neuroscientific studies). Chapters feature theoretical models that describe the mechanisms underlying training-induced cognitive and neural changes. Cognitive Training: An Overview of Features and Applications will be of interest to researchers, practitioners, students, and professors in the fields of psychology and neuroscience.
Download or read book Sleep and cognition in the elderly written by Géraldine Rauchs and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-05-26 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the role of sleep and the mechanisms at play in ageing are among the most exciting challenges in neuroscience. Although our understanding of the mechanisms governing sleep stages and their role in cognitive processes including memory functions is gradually increasing. most of the currently available data have been gathered in young adults. Still, substantial physiological changes in sleep are observed with increasing age, that may markedly impacts on daily functioning. This is why this Research Topic focuses on our current understanding of the impact of age-related changes in sleep architecture on various domains of cognition. The three editors Julie Carrier (Montréal, Canada), Philippe Peigneux (Brussels, Belgium) and Géraldine Rauchs (Caen, France) are specialized in various fields of sleep research. Here, they bring together an outstanding group of neuroscientist and clinical investigators engaged in the study of sleep, encompassing state-of-the-art studies of sleep disorders such as sleep apnoea or REM sleep behaviour disorder, studies assessing new treatments to improve sleep quality, together with experts in various domains of cognition such as vigilance, memory and dreams, in a perspective aimed at offering the interested reader a comprehensive view of the impact of age-related changes in sleep architecture on cognition.
Download or read book Applied Neuropsychology of Attention written by Michel Leclercq and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2004-08-02 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays forms a comprehensive overview of this crucial component of human cognitive function.
Download or read book BORB written by Jane M. Riddoch and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2022-04-09 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BORB provides a set of standardised procedures for assessing neuropsychological disorders of visual object recognition, based on tests developed in the cognitive neuropsychological literature. The tests are introduced in terms of cognitive neuropsychological analyses of object recognition, and guidance is given concerning test use and interpretation. The tests assess low-level aspects of visual perception (using same-different matching of basic perceptual features, such as orientation, length, position and object size), intermediate visual processes (e.g., matching objects different in viewpoint), access to stored perceptual knowledge about objects (object decision), access to semantic knowledge (function and associative matches) and access to names from object (picture naming). BORB will serve as an invaluable companion test battery to the PALPA test of language ability.
Download or read book Neuropsychologie du vieillissement normal et pathologique written by Kathy Dujardin and published by Elsevier Masson. This book was released on 2011-05-25 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dans nos sociétés modernes, le nombre de personnes âgées ne cesse de croître, et certaines d'entre elles voient leurs fonctions cognitives décliner au point de perdre leur autonomie physique, psychique et sociale. Élucider les mécanismes de ce déclin pour permettre un diagnostic précoce constitue un défi pour de nombreuses équipes de recherche. Fruit de la contribution de chercheurs et d'universitaires du monde francophone, cet ouvrage a pour objectif d'aborder le vieillissement cognitif normal et pathologique, à la fois sous l'angle des neurosciences et de la psychologie cognitive. Les premiers chapitres proposent une synthèse des éléments d'épidémiologie et de neurobiologie indispensables à la compréhension de l'évolution liée à l'âge des fonctions cérébrales. Une mise au point des connaissances actuelles en matière de vieillissement cognitif permet ensuite de mieux cerner l'impact du vieillissement sur les grandes fonctions cognitives, avant d'étudier les différentes pathologies du vieillissement s'accompagnant d'un déclin cognitif (maladie d'Alzheimer, démences vasculaires, démences frontotemporales, syndromes parkinsoniens). La notion de « mild cognitive impairment » (ou trouble cognitif léger) est largement développée à travers l'analyse d'études récentes. Cette approche est complétée par des procédures d'évaluation des fonctions cognitives ainsi que par des perspectives de traitement (pharmacologique, rééducation, ...). Cet ouvrage a pour objectif d'aborder le vieillissement cognitif normal et pathologique, à la fois sous l'angle des neurosciences et de la psychologie cognitive. Les auteurs proposent une synthèse des connaissances actuelles en matière de vieillissement cognitif permettant ensuite de mieux cerner l'impact du vieillissement sur les grandes fonctions cognitives, avant d'étudier les différentes pathologies du vieillissement s'accompagnant d'un déclin cognitif (maladie d'Alzheimer, démences vasculaires, démences frontotemporales, syndromes parkinsoniens).
Download or read book The Handbook of Psycholinguistic and Cognitive Processes written by Jackie Guendouzi and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2011-01-07 with total page 845 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook includes an overview of those areas of cognition and language processing that are relevant to the field of communication disorders, and provides examples of theoretical approaches to problems and issues in communication disorders. The first section includes a collection of chapters that outline some of the basic considerations and areas of cognition and language that underlie communication processing; a second section explains and exemplifies some of the influential theories of psycholinguistic/cognitive processing; and the third section illustrates theoretical applications to clinical populations. There is coverage of theories that have been either seminal or controversial in the research of communication disorders. Given the increasing multi-cultural workload of many practitioners working with clinical populations, chapters relating to bilingual populations are also included. The volume book provides a single interdisciplinary source where researchers and students can access information on psycholinguistic and cognitive processing theories relevant to clinical populations. A range of theories, models, and perspectives are provided. The range of topics and issues illustrate the relevance of a dynamic interaction between theoretical and applied work, and retains the complexity of psycholinguistic and cognitive theory for readers (both researchers and graduate students) whose primary interest is the field of communication disorders.
Download or read book Aphasia and Its Therapy written by Anna Basso and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2003-01-09 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first single-authored book to attempt to bridge the gap between aphasia research and the rehabilitation of patients with this language disorder. Studies of the deficits underlying aphasia and the practice of aphasia rehabilitation have often diverged, and the relationship between theory and practice in aphasiology is loose. The goal of this book is to help close this gap by making explicit the relationship between what is to be rehabilitated and how to rehabilitate it.Early chapters cover the history of aphasia and its therapy from Broca's discoveries to the 1970s, and provide a description of the classic aphasia syndromes. The middle section describes the contribution of cognitive neuropsychology and the treatment models it has inspired. It includes discussion of the relationship between the treatment approach and the functional model upon which it is based. The final chapters deal with aphasia therapy. After providing a sketch of a working theory of aphasia, Basso describes intervention procedures for disorders resulting from damage at the lexical and sentence levels as well as a more general conversation-based intervention for severe aphasics.Anna Basso has run an aphasia rehabilitation unit for more than thirty years. In this book she draws on her considerable experience to provide researchers, clinicians, and their students and trainees in speech-language pathology and therapy, aphasiology, and neuropsychology with comprehensive coverage of the evolution and state of the art of aphasia research and therapy.
Download or read book The Ageing Brain written by Perminder S. Sachdev and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-09-20 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When confronted with a neurological or psychiatric disorder in an elderly individual, a clinician or researcher is likely to ask how the processes of ageing have influenced the aetiology and presentation of the disorder, and will impact on its efficient management. There are many urban myths about ageing, and some of these apply to the brain. The reviews included in this book are an attempt to flush out some of these myths, and arm the clinician and general researcher with the empirical facts that can be mustered to substantiate claims about ageing. There are many salient questions: is cognitive change to be expected in an elderly individual? Is this change progressive, relentless and unselective, or is it focal and constrained? Would every person who lived long enough develop Alzheimer’s disease? Do our neurones die as we get old? What happens to the size of the brain and its metabolic activity? How do our hormones change with age? Can anti-oxidants slow or even stop the process of ageing? Are genes important in the ageing brain or is it all in the environment? How much of what we are is due to what we eat? The contributors to this book, each an expert in their field, have addressed some of these questions in a language simple enough for a general reader to understand. The book also deals with some of the most prominent brain disorders of old age - Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, vascular dementia, and depression. The focus is on the impact of ageing on these disorders. The discussions lay out a broad map for the clinician dealing with neuropsychiatric disorders, and the future researcher of brain ageing. In a field in which the developments are too numerous for any one individual to keep pace with, this book presents up-to-date summaries that can be a useful starting point. The field of brain ageing abounds in tabloid science. This book counters this by providing a strong empirical grounding and considered synthesis of the research.
Download or read book The Two Sides of Perception written by Richard B. Ivry and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anatomically, the central nervous system looks remarkably symmetrical--from the relatively simple structures of the spinal cord to the extensively convoluted folds of the cerebral hemispheres. At the functional level, however, there are striking differences between the left and right hemispheres. Although popular writings attribute language abilities to the left hemisphere and spatial abilities to the right, differences in hemispheric function appear to be more subtle. According to Ivry and Robertson, asymmetries over a wide range of perceptual tasks reflect a difference in strength rather than kind, with both hemispheres contributing to the performance of complex tasks, whether linguistic or spatial. After an historical introduction, the authors offer a cognitive neuroscience perspective on hemispheric specialization in perception. They propose that the two hemispheres differ in how they filter task-relevant sensory information. Building on the idea that the hemispheres construct asymmetric representations, the hypothesis provides a novel account of many laterality effects. A notable feature of the authors' work is their attempt to incorporate hemispheric specialization in vision, audition, music, and language within a common framework. In support of their theory, they review studies involving both healthy and neurologically impaired individuals. They also provide a series of simulations to demonstrate the underlying computational principles of their theory. Their work thus describes both the cognitive and neurological architecture of hemispheric asymmetries in perception.
Download or read book Acquired Aphasia written by Martha Taylor Sarno and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intended for students, clinicians and researchers in speech pathology as well as linguists, this book provides information from disciplines involved in the study of aphasia. Topics discussed include acquired aphasia in children, the elderly and the head-injured, and recovery and rehabilitation.
Download or read book Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer written by Fumito Ito and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get a quick, expert overview of the latest clinical information and guidelines for cancer checkpoint inhibitors and their implications for specific types of cancers. This practical title by Drs. Fumito Ito and Marc Ernstoff synthesizes the most up-to-date research and clinical guidance available on immune checkpoint inhibitors and presents this information in a compact, easy-to-digest resource. It's an ideal concise reference for trainee and practicing medical oncologists, as well as those in research. - Discusses the current understanding of how to best harness the immune system against different types of cancer at various stages. - Helps you translate current research and literature into practical information for daily practice. - Presents information logically organized by disease site. - Covers tumor immunology and biology; toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors; and future outlooks. - Consolidates today's available information on this timely topic into one convenient resource.
Download or read book Well Stressed written by Sonia Lupien and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-23 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn the science behind stress and start living better Stress can kill. Chronic stress has been linked to depression, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure. Left untreated it can cause serious and long-lasting health problems. Drawing on two decades of clinical research into the effects of stress on the brain and the body, For the Love of Stress is designed to help you learn to control your stress and live a happier, healthier life. Dr. Sonia Lupien is internationally respected as a leading authority on the science of stress, and in this practical, accessible book she provides an essential guide to understanding and managing the stresses we face every day. Identifying the four factors that underlie any stressful situation: Novelty—something new and unfamiliar; Unpredictability—not knowing how something is going to unfold; Threat—to your sense of self; and a poor Sense of self control, Dr. Lupien uses the appropriate acronym "N.U.T.S." to explore how stress makes us feel and how we can learn to cope. Helps the reader understand the science behind stress, how it affects us physically and mentally, and what we can do to keep it in check Explores why men make women's stress hormone levels rise but women cause men's stress hormone levels to drop Provides proven solutions for dealing with stress, including one for helping children to cope with moving schools as well as stress in the workplace Contrary to common belief stress is not simply "time pressure" or "workload" but rather our natural response to these things, characterized by the release of stress hormones Shows readers how a routine blood test can identify if you are at risk from high levels of stress hormones In her practical and accessible book Dr. Lupien shows how stress can and should be controlled, not avoided.
Download or read book The Myth of Alzheimer s written by Peter J. Whitehouse, M.D. and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2008-12-09 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Challenges conventional perceptions about Alzheimer's disease to offer readers alternative approaches to memory loss and aging that can be aided through simple nutritional and exercise strategies.
Download or read book Thickening Fat written by May Friedman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-08-30 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thickening Fat: Fat Bodies, Intersectionality, and Social Justice seeks to explore the multiple, variable, and embodied experiences of fat oppression and fat activisms. Moving beyond an analysis of fat oppression as singular, this book will aim to unpack the volatility of fat—the mutability of fat embodiments as they correlate with other embodied subjectivities, and the threshold where fat begins to be reviled, celebrated, or amended. In addition, Thickening Fat explores the full range of intersectional and liminal analyses that push beyond the simple addition of two or more subjectivities, looking instead at the complex alchemy of layered and unstable markers of difference and privilege. Cognizant that the concept of intersectionality has been filled out in a plurality of ways, Thickening Fat poses critical questions around how to render analysis of fatness intersectional and to thicken up intersectionality, where intersectionality is attenuated to the shifting and composite and material dimensions to identity, rather than reduced to an “add difference and stir” approach. The chapters in this collection ask what happens when we operationalize intersectionality in fat scholarship and politics, and we position difference at the centre and start of inquiry.
Download or read book Behavioural assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome for children written by Hazel Emslie and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Prospective Memory written by Matthias Kliegel and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2007-10-16 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade, the topic of prospective memory the encoding, storage and delayed retrieval of intended actions has attracted much interest, and this is reflected in a rapidly growing body of literature: 350 scientific articles have been published on this topic since the appearance of the first edited book in 1996. In addition to the quan
