Download or read book Neuroprosthetics and Brain Computer Interfaces in Spinal Cord Injury written by Gernot Müller-Putz and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-26 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art of practical applications of neuroprosthesis based on functional electrical stimulation for restoration of motor functions lost by spinal cord injury and discusses the use of brain-computer interfaces for their control. The book covers numerous topics starting with basics about spinal cord injury, electrical stimulation, electrical brain signals and brain-computer interfaces. It continues with an overview of neuroprosthetic solutions for different purposes and non-invasive and invasive brain-computer interface implementations and presents clinical use cases and practical applications of BCIs. Finally, the authors give an outlook on cutting edge research with a high potential for clinical translation in the near future. All authors committed themselves to use easy-to-understand language and to avoid very specific information, focusing instead on the essential aspects. This makes this book an ideal choice not only for researchers and clinicians at all stages of their education interested in the topic of brain-computer interface-controlled neuroprostheses, but also for end users and their caregivers who want to inform themselves about the current technological possibilities to improve paralyzed motor functions.

Download or read book Brain Activity in People with Spinal Cord Injury with Applications to Brain computer Interfaces for Neuroprosthetic Control written by Peter R. Boord and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Brain Computer Interfaces written by Cesar Marquez-Chin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stroke and spinal cord injury often result in paralysis with serious negative consequences to the independence and quality of life of those who sustain them. For these individuals, rehabilitation provides the means to regain lost function. Rehabilitation following neurological injuries has undergone revolutionary changes, enriched by neuroplasticity. Neuroplastic-based interventions enhance the efficacy and continue to guide the development of new rehabilitation strategies. This book presents three important technology-based rehabilitation interventions that follow the concepts of neuroplasticity. The book also discusses clinical results related to their efficacy. These interventions are: functional electrical stimulation therapy, which produces coordinated muscle contractions allowing people with paralysis to perform functional movements with rich sensory feedback; robot-assisted therapy, which uses robots to assist, resist, and guide movements with increased intensity while also reducing the physical burden on therapists; and brain–computer interfaces, which make it possible to verify the presence of motor-related brain activity during rehabilitation. Further, the book presents the combined use of these three technologies to illustrate some of the emerging approaches to the neurorehabilitation of voluntary movement. The authors share their practical experiences obtained during the development and clinical testing of functional electrical stimulation therapy controlled by a brain–computer interface as an intervention to restore reaching and grasping.

Download or read book Brain Computer Interface Research written by Christoph Guger and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024-02-01 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book showcases recent trends in brain-computer interface development. It highlights fascinating results in areas such as language decoding, spinal cord stimulation to enable gait and to restore hand functions. The contributions are based on the 12 nominated brain-computer interface projects of the BCI Award 2022. Every year an international jury selects the most innovate BCI projects and nominates 12 projects before selecting the 1st, 2nd and 3rd place winners. In the book, each project is described in detail by the team of scientists behind it, and the editors provide a concluding discussion of the highlights and overall progress in the field.

Download or read book Brain Computer Interfaces written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-03-10 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brain-Computer Interfacing, Volume 168, not only gives readers a clear understanding of what BCI science is currently offering, but also describes future expectations for restoring lost brain function in patients. In-depth technological chapters are aimed at those interested in BCI technologies and the nature of brain signals, while more comprehensive summaries are provided in the more applied chapters. Readers will be able to grasp BCI concepts, understand what needs the technologies can meet, and provide an informed opinion on BCI science. Explores how many different causes of disability have similar functional consequences (loss of mobility, communication etc.) Addresses how BCI can be of use Presents a multidisciplinary review of BCI technologies and the opportunities they provide for people in need of a new kind of prosthetic Offers a comprehensive, multidisciplinary review of BCI for researchers in neuroscience and traumatic brain injury that is also ideal for clinicians in neurology and neurosurgery

Download or read book Optimizing the Brain computer Interface for Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation written by Sam C. Colachis (IV) and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately 285,000 people are living with a Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) in the United States alone and there are about 17,500 additional cases each year. Over half of these SCI cases result in tetraplegia, which impairs quality of life and requires the need for self-care assistance. Individuals with tetraplegia identify restoration of hand function as a critical, unmet need to regain their independence and improve quality of life. Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)-controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) technology addresses this need by reconnecting the brain with paralyzed limbs to restore function. There are multiple groups working to develop BCIs for SCI applications and incredible progress has been accomplished. However, there is still a substantial amount of research and development required to optimize the technology in order for people with tetraplegia to integrate the neurorehabilitation devices into their daily lives. The work presented in this thesis aims to (I) translate BCI- FES technology from research devices to clinical neuroprosthetics, (II) enhance decoder performance through optimal selection of neurally separable hand functions, and (III) improve neurorehabilitation BCI-FES systems through integration of error-based feedback. Three studies were conducted with a tetraplegic participant using an intracortically-controlled, transcutaneous FES system designed for motor recovery to address each aim. We demonstrate that (I) our BCI-FES system can enable seven functional, skilled hand grasps that can generate adequate force to manipulate everyday objects with high-precision and naturalist speed, (II) stable representations of different hand movements can form in a very small area of the motor cortex and discriminability between these neural representations can affect decoder performance, and (III) information regarding mismatches between motor intention and muscle activation in a tetraplegic participant using a BCI-FES is expressed through single unit activity in the hand region of the motor cortex and is detectable with machine learning algorithms. This work improves upon the state-of-the-art for neurorehabilitation assistive devices and provides insight for developing methods to further optimize BCI performance.

Download or read book Brain Computer Interfaces written by Cesar Marquez-Chin and published by . This book was released on 2021-08-12 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stroke and spinal cord injury often result in paralysis with serious negative consequences to the independence and quality of life of those who sustain them. For these individuals, rehabilitation provides the means to regain lost function. Rehabilitation following neurological injuries has undergone revolutionary changes, enriched by neuroplasticity. Neuroplastic-based interventions enhance the efficacy and continue to guide the development of new rehabilitation strategies. This book presents three important technology-based rehabilitation interventions that follow the concepts of neuroplasticity. The book also discusses clinical results related to their efficacy. These interventions are: functional electrical stimulation therapy, which produces coordinated muscle contractions allowing people with paralysis to perform functional movements with rich sensory feedback; robot-assisted therapy, which uses robots to assist, resist, and guide movements with increased intensity while also reducing the physical burden on therapists; and brain-computer interfaces, which make it possible to verify the presence of motor-related brain activity during rehabilitation. Further, the book presents the combined use of these three technologies to illustrate some of the emerging approaches to the neurorehabilitation of voluntary movement. The authors share their practical experiences obtained during the development and clinical testing of functional electrical stimulation therapy controlled by a brain-computer interface as an intervention to restore reaching and grasping.

Download or read book Emerging Theory and Practice in Neuroprosthetics written by Naik, Ganesh R. and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2014-05-31 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuroprosthetics is a fast-growing area that brings together the fields of biomedical engineering and neuroscience as a means to interface the neural system directly to prostheses. Advancing research and applications in this field can assist in successfully restoring motor, sensory, and cognitive functions. Emerging Theory and Practice in Neuroprosthetics brings together the most up-to-date research surrounding neuroprosthetics advances and applications. Presenting several new results, concepts, and further developments in the area of neuroprosthetics, this book is an essential publication for researchers, upper-level students, engineers, and medical practitioners.

Download or read book Brain Computer Interfaces written by Jonathan Wolpaw and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-01-24 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A recognizable surge in the field of Brain Computer Interface (BCI) research and development has emerged in the past two decades. This book is intended to provide an introduction to and summary of essentially all major aspects of BCI research and development. Its goal is to be a comprehensive, balanced, and coordinated presentation of the field's key principles, current practice, and future prospects.

Download or read book Neuroergonomics written by Chang S. Nam and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-27 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sums up key research findings, and theoretical and technological advances having a direct bearing on neuroergonomics. Neuroergonomics is an emerging area whose Neuroergonomics is an emerging area that is collectively defined as the study of human brain function and behaviour in relation to behavioural performance in natural environments and everyday settings. It helps readers to understand neural mechanisms of human cognition in the context of human interaction with complex systems, as well as understanding the change of perception, decision-making and training in humans. The authors give new insights into augmenting human performance, reflecting upon the opportunities provided through neuroergonomics research and development. Computer systems acting on data from behavioural-output, physiological, and neurological sensing technologies are used to determine the user’s cognitive state and adapt the systems to change, support, and monitor human cognition. Various domains and case studies delve into the field of neuroergonomics in detail. These include, but are not limited to: an evaluation of technologies in health, workplace, and education settings, to show the different impacts of neuroergonomics in everyday lives; assessment of real-time cognitive measures; dynamic casual interactions between inhibition and updating functions, through analysis of behavioral, neurophysiological and effective connectivity metrics; and applications in human performance modelling and assessment of mental workload, showing the reader how to train and improve working memory capacity. Neuroergonomics: Principles and Practice provides academic practitioners and graduate students with a single go-to handbook that will be of significant assistance in research associated with human factors and ergonomics, human-computer interaction, human-systems engineering and cognitive neuroscience.

Download or read book Brain computer Interface Systems for Neurorehabilitation written by Christine Elizabeth King and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation seeks to develop novel neurorehabilitative therapies and neuroprostheses for restorative treatments in stroke and spinal cord injury (SCI) individuals. Since standard physiotherapies and substitutive solutions only provide a limited degree of restoration of the lost motor behavior in these individuals, novel brain-computer interfaces (BCI) have been sought. To develop BCI systems for stroke and SCI individuals, a high-performance electroencephalogram (EEG) based BCI system was developed and tested under several conditions. This system utilized data-driven decoding methodologies to obtain real-time control of several external devices. The external devices that were integrated and tested with this BCI system include a hand orthosis for stroke individuals with hand weakness, a noninvasive functional electrical stimulation (FES) system for the treatment of post-stroke foot drop, a virtual reality training environment to assess attempted or kinesthetic motor imagery of walking control strategies, a robotic gait orthosis mounted on a treadmill for ambulation training after SCI, and a noninvasive FES device for overground walking for those with paraplegia due to SCI. The BCI systems directed towards the treatment of stroke individuals focused on elementary motor behaviors common in chronic stroke individuals: foot drop and hand weakness (i.e. grasping and extension of the hand). On the other hand, the BCI systems for SCI individuals focused on ambulation after paraplegia. Finally, all systems were tested in both able-bodied individuals and those with stroke or SCI to assess the performance, safety, and applicability of these devices. All BCI systems allowed individuals to control the external devices purposefully in real time. Furthermore, the BCI driven neurorehabilitative therapies and neuroprostheses presented here allowed for stroke and SCI individuals to obtain real-time control of the desired motor behavior using intuitive control strategies after only minimal training, and individuals were able to maintain this high level of control after several days to months. This provides preliminary evidence that neurorehabilitative therapies and implantable neuroprostheses in stroke and SCI individuals are feasible. If future studies are successful, these systems may provide noninvasive training platforms for implantable neuroprostheses or noninvasive neurorehabilitative therapies for stroke and SCI individuals, thus becoming novel restorative treatments.

Download or read book Promoting Independent Operation of Intracortical Brain computer Interfaces written by Collin Dunlap and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, spinal cord injury (SCI) researchers have been criticized by SCI patient advocates for prioritizing research without immediate translation potential. Stakeholders have emphasized that researchers should be pursuing simple objectives that directly improve the lives of individuals with SCI rather than long-term, theoretical academic projects (Lemmon, 2019). These frustrations are amplified by the lack of accessible assistive technology addressing disabilities associated with SCI, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and similar conditions. One assistive technology ripe for translation is the intracortical brain-computer interface (BCI). These systems interpret neural activity from implanted recording sensors and allow the user to control a diverse set of effector devices to restore lost function. Patient stakeholders believe this technology augments their abilities enough to justify its deployment in a home setting (Solzbacher et al., 2018). However, with few rare exceptions (Weiss et al., 2020; Simeral et al., 2021), these systems have been restricted to controlled laboratory experimentation under close technician supervision. This dissertation is focused on identifying and addressing barriers to intracortical BCI deployment in a home setting. Chapter 1 introduces intracortical brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) and outlines the major challenges this technology must overcome before it is deployed as an assistive device in unsupervised settings. This introduction leads directly into Chapter 2 which is focused on the many issues that interfere with BCI signal stability and require neural decoder recalibration. Decoder recalibration has historically been performed manually by the user with technician oversight and is a significant obstacle to quick and convenient BCI operation. To address this challenge, Chapter 2 first introduces new classifications for organizing signal disruptors. Rather than organizing disruptions according to their root cause, they are classified by their impact on signal quality and amenability to interventions. This organizational framework is designed to help researchers develop algorithmic countermeasures against signal disruptors and sustain BCI performance. This chapter concludes with a discussion of relevant algorithms to each category of disruptions. Chapter 3 is an analysis of intracortical Utah Microelectrode Array recordings spanning five years with a focus on disruptions that affect signal quality and decoding performance. In addition to modeling long-term signal metric trends, several signal disruptions are examined in detail. We investigate the causes and effects of these disruptions and discuss how they could be prevented, mitigated, or remedied. This analysis spans one of the longest intracortical implant duration in humans and thus is an important reference for anticipated long-term signal disruptions. Chapter 4 explores repurposing neural decoders across operational contexts instead of de novo training for each context. In this chapter, the intracortical BCI participant uses a motor imagery decoder to operate a virtual vehicle. This context switching emulates real-world applications where a user may alternate between controlling a motor prosthesis and driving their wheelchair with the BCI. We analyzed driving ability on several custom courses and correlated motor decoder performance with driving performance. Finally, to demonstrate transferability to real-world tasks, we mapped online decoder predictions to control an RC car offline in the laboratory. Chapter 5 introduces a novel method for calibrating high-density functional electrical (FES) stimulation end-effectors for a BCI. Upper-limb FES augments motor function by stimulating intact peripheral nerves and muscles to generate coordinated functional hand movements. Our research group previously developed a high-density upper-limb FES garment to deliver targeted stimulation. With up to 160 stimulating channels and many stimulating waveform parameters, the number of possible stimulation patterns is astronomic. This chapter introduces virtual patch electrodes that designate geometric areas for stimulation rather than individual electrodes. Virtual patch electrodes dramatically reduce the stimulation parameter space, and they can be manipulated during stimulation with a graphical user interface to accelerate FES calibration. Finally, Chapter 6 connects these studies and links them to promoting independent and sustainable intracortical BCI operation. This chapter concludes by reflecting on future research that could accelerate BCI deployment and immediately impact the daily lives of individuals with severe neurological disabilities.

Download or read book Neuroprosthetics Theory And Practice Second Edition written by Kenneth W Horch and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2017-03-10 with total page 934 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an updated and abridged edition of the original volume published in 2004. Like its predecessor it is targeted for students of bioengineering, biomedical engineering, applied physiology, biological cybernetics and related fields; for engineers and scientists who have an interest in neuroprosthetics; and for medical practitioners using products of that field.The practice of neuroprosthetics requires a fundamental understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system, mathematical neurobiology, material science, electrochemistry, and electrophysiology. The text assumes some familiarity with basic anatomy, physiology, calculus, electrophysiology and bioinstrumentation, which typically are covered in undergraduate and first year graduate bioengineering curricula. These areas are also reviewed here, with the aim of consolidating principles fundamental to understanding the field. With that as background, the book then presents an overview of the field with detailed emphasis in selected areas of neural interfaces and neuroprostheses. The covered topics provide readers with sufficient information to understand the theory, rationale, design, and functioning of neuroprosthetic devices currently in clinical use and under development.The current volume is shorter than its predecessor. This has been achieved by reducing some of the repetition present in certain chapters of the earlier edition and eliminating a few chapters whose topics are now well covered in review literature readily available on the internet and elsewhere. Two chapters have been retained in their original versions to provide important background material, but the remaining chapters have either been revised by their original authors or replaced by new versions written by different authors. In addition new topics have been added to the section on existing systems.

Download or read book Developing Multi Degree of Freedom Control Brain Computer Interface System for Spinal Cord Injury Patients written by Syahrull Hi-Fi Syam bin Ahmad Jamil and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brain computer interface (BCI) is a paradigm that offers an alternative communication channel between neural activity generated in the brain and the user’s external environment. BCI decodes the brain activity obtained from an electroencephalogram (EEG) signal and convert this information to a sensible output such as commands to control and communicate with the augmentative and assistive devices. Nevertheless, the majority of the existing BCI system associates with healthy subjects operate based on a combination of multiple limbs and bounded by capability of low dimensional control. Besides that, the acquired results also are not an appropriate platform to infer with the neurologically impaired patients (e.g. spinal cord injury patients). This is probably healthy subjects have full control over their limbs and their EEG signatures show a different pattern. On the other hand, neurologically impaired patients have limited access/control over their limbs and the EEG signatures are affected by the side effects of the prescribed medication, deafferentation and cortical reorganization of brain regions as a function of duration, level and type of disease. This study focuses on the feasibility of developing a multi degree of freedom control BCI system using imagination and intention of movement of a single limb for spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. A pilot study has been conducted on eleven healthy subjects to examine the feasibility of the proposed experimental protocol to record data for implementing the same procedure on SCI patients. In the present study, eighteen SCI patients from Queen Elizabeth National Spinal Injury Unit of the Queen Elizabeth University Hospital voluntarily participated as subjects. The participating subjects have performed and imagined performing right wrist movement towards four centre out directions using a custom made manipulandum triggered by a visual cue whilst EEG, electromyography (EMG) and movement signals are recorded simultaneously through NeuroScanTM Synamp system and CED 1401 (Cambridge Electronic Design). The EEG signal was analysed using signal processing and statistical analysis method. Our findings indicate the detection of Bereitschaft potential 500ms before onset of movement and 500ms after onset of the visual cue. Additionally, there are statistical differences in the relative power withinvithe EEG signal rhythm components namely, delta, theta, alpha beta and gamma bands during imagination and intention of movement towards the four different directions. The significant changes of the estimated relative power of EEG components were extracted as features associated with direction. The features then were normalised, cross validated and dimensionality reduced before being classified using k nearest neighbour (k-NN), fuzzy k nearest neighbour (FKNN) and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) classifier. The single trial classification results for motor imagery and motor task by k-NN, FKNN and QDA classifier dwell within the range of 52.31%-94.14% and 52.20%-96.51%, respectively. These findings proved that it is possible to develop a functional multi degree of freedom BCI system that employs imagination/intention of movement using a single limb for the SCI population. On top of that the developed BCI system and classification also required no subject training at all.

Download or read book Biosignal Processing and Computational Methods to Enhance Sensory Motor Neuroprosthetics written by Mitsuhiro Hayashibe and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-01-22 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though there have been many developments in sensory/motor prosthetics, they have not yet reached the level of standard and worldwide use like pacemakers and cochlear implants. One challenging issue in motor prosthetics is the large variety of patient situations, which depending on the type of neurological disorder. To improve neuroprosthetic performance beyond the current limited use of such systems, robust bio-signal processing and model-based control involving actual sensory motor state (with biosignal feedback) would bring about new modalities and applications, and could be a breakthrough toward adaptive neuroprosthetics. Recent advances of Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI) now enable patients to transmit their intention of movement. However, the functionality and controllability of motor prosthetics itself can be further improved to take advantage of BCI interfaces. In this Research Topic we welcome contribution of original research articles, computational and experimental studies, review articles, and methodological advances related to biosignal processing that may enhance the functionality of sensory motor neuroprosthetics. The scope of this topic includes, but is not limited to, studies aimed at enhancing: 1) computational biosignal processing in EMG (Electromyography), EEG (Electroencephalography), and other modalities of biofeedback information; 2) the computational method in modeling and control of sensory motor neuroprosthetics; 3) the systematic functionality aiming to provide solutions for specific pathological movement disorders; 4) human interfaces such as BCI - but in the case of BCI study, manuscripts should be experimental studies which are applied to sensory/motor neuroprosthetics in patients with motor disabilities.

Download or read book Brain Machine Interfaces written by Jens Schouenborg and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-10-12 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few examples of the contribution of animal research for clinical application of Deep Brain Stimulation, Christelle Baunez 13. Deep Brain Stimulation- challenges and opportunities, Andres M. Lozano 14. Cochlear and retinal prostheses: an overview of safety and efficacy, neural rescue and brain plasticity studies, Rob Shepherd 15. Cochlear implants: Matching the prosthesis to the brain and facilitating desired plastic changes in brain function, Blake Wilson 16. Neural microstimulation parameters and interfacial quality effects, Kevin Otto 17. The Feasibility of a Cortically Based Visual Prosthesis: Stimulation and Recording in Monkey Visual Cortex with Chronically Implanted Microelectrode Arrays, Dick Normann 18. Physical and chemical factors influencing the biocompatibility of an implant, Lars Magnus Bjursten 19. A Biologically-based Design Strategy for Reducing the Foreign Body Response to Chronically Implanted Neural Interfaces, Patrick Tresco 20. Biocompatibility and CNS: need for standardization? Cecilia Eriksson Linsmeier 21. Reviving the CPG after spinal cord injury, Serge Rossignol 22. What does the brain control? Gerald E. Loeb 23. Advanced use of electrical stimulation for recovery of function, Dejan B. Popovic 24. Restoring Standing and Walking by the Reactivation of Central Neural Networks, Vivian Mushahwar 25. Reanimating the arm and hand with intraspinal stimulation, Andrew Jackson 26. Ethics of Control and Consent in Brain Stimulation for Parkinson Disease, Paul J. Ford 27. Neuroprosthetics and Neuromarkers, Apostolos P. Georgopoulos 28. Neural Signal Processing: At the Interface Between Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Partha P. Mitra 29. Inference of hand movements from population activity in monkey and human sensorimotor cortex: Towards Brain-Machine Interfaces, Ad Aertsen 30. Semiconductor Chips with Ion Channels, Nerve Cells and Brain Tissue, Peter Fromherz 31. Interfacing Neurons with Carbon Nanotubes: (re)engineering single-neuron excitability and network connectivity in Cultured Brain Circuits 32. Nanomodified surfaces and neurite outgrowth, Martin Kanje 33. Nanochannels for cell biology and DNA analysis, Jonas Tegenfeldt 34. Establishing Reliable Communication Across the Glial Scar: In-Situ Polymerization of Conjugated Polymers in Living Cortex, David C. Martin.

Download or read book Brain Machine Interfaces for Assistance and Rehabilitation of People with Reduced Mobility written by Enrique Hortal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-25 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reports on the development of different control tools for Brain-machine interface-based assistance and rehabilitation. Brain activity is analyzed with the purpose of classify mental tasks and detecting movement intentions in patients with impaired motility. Event-Related Desynchronization (ERD) and Event-Related Synchronization (ERS) are detected. Throughout this book, different control systems are presented and validated. This thesis, examined at the Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Spain, in 2016, received the award for best thesis in bioengineering from the Bioengineering group of the Spanish Committee of Automatic Control (CEA) in 2017.