Download or read book Neuronal Development and Degeneration written by Wenbo Zhang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-23 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neuronal Degeneration and Regeneration From Basic Mechanisms to Prospects for Therapy written by F.W. Van Leeuwen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1998-11-09 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the result of the 20th International Summer School in Brain Research, organized in August 1997 in Amsterdam, by the Netherlands Institute for Brain Research at the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences. It is the first book that provides a complete overview of the field of neurodegeneration and regeneration including spinal cord injury, neurodegenerative diseases and therapy. Divided into five sections, the first two sections give an overview of fundamental research on nerve cell death, neuronal survival, neurite outgrowth and guidance. Extensive attention is given to the role of neurotrophins, their receptor tyrosine kinases and cell-adhesion molecules in development and regeneration of the nervous system. The third section of the book is devoted to research involving human neurodegenerative diseases and emerging treatment strategies. Section four focusses on recent advances in the understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases along with prion diseases. Novel insights into the neuropathological hallmarks of these diseases, as well as into transgenic animal models, the involvement of environmental factors, and genomic and mRNA changes that can cause neurodegeneration. The final section of this volume reveals recent developments in the use of cell and gene therapy to treat neurodegenerative disease and lesion-related deficits. Implantation of genetically modified cells, direct gene transfer with viral vectors and the first clinical trials with encapsulated genetically modified cells in patients suffering from amyotrophic lateral scelerosis are examples of new therapeutic strategies treating neurodegenerative diseases. The book is of particular interest to departments of neuroscience, neurological clinics and departments, the pharmalogical industry and medical libraries.
Download or read book From Development to Degeneration and Regeneration of the Nervous System written by Charles E. Ribak and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides current information about the three areas mentioned in the title: Neuronal Migration and Development, Degenerative Brain Diseases, and Neural Plasticity and Regeneration. The chapters about brain development examine the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which neurons are generated from the ventricular zone in the forebrain and migrate to their destinations in the cerebral cortext. This description of cortical development also includes a discussions of the Cajal-Retzius cell. Another chapter provides insight about the development of another forebrain region, the hypothalamus. The remaining chapters of this section examine the clinical relevance of brain development in certain disease states in humans: neural tube defects and the normal and abnormal development of human electroencephalographic recordings during the first year of age.The second section on degenerative disorders of the brain begins wtih details about the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia niger and their loss in Parkinson's disease. Two subsequent chapters describe changes in brain aging, including changes in the numbers of myelinated axons. Other chapters in this section describe important cellular and molecular changes found in Alzheimer's disease and human epilepsy. Together, these chapters summarize much of our current knowledge about the major molecular and cellular changes found in several degenerative diseases of the brain.The last section addresses the issues of brain plasticity and regeneration in the adult brain and begins with a chapter on how the brain's own stem cells provide newly generated neurons to the hippocampal dentate gyrus and how these neurons become integrated into neural circuitry. The following two chapters examine some of the neuroplastic changes that take place in motor and sensory cortices of awake behaving primates. The concluding two chapters address the issue of regeneration in the injured spinal cord and the factors that may contribute to its success.
Download or read book Dynamics of Degeneration and Growth in Neurons written by Kjell Fuxe and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamics of Degeneration and Growth in Neurons is a collection of papers presented at the International Symposium on the Dynamics of Degeneration and Growth in Neurons, held in Stockholm, Sweden, on May 16-18, 1973. Contributors explore the dynamics of degeneration and growth of central and peripheral neurons, touching on a wide range of topics such as the neurotoxic action of 6-hydroxy-dopa on central catecholamine neurons; axonal transport of proteins in growing and regenerating neurons; and collateral reinnervation in the central nervous system. Comprised of 50 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of degeneration processes in central and peripheral neurons. Results of microfluorimetric and neurochemical studies on degenerating and regenerating adrenergic nerves are presented. The next section is devoted to axoplasmic transport as a mechanism for axonal support and growth and includes chapters dealing with the effects of degeneration and axoplasmic transport blockade on synaptic ultrastructure, function, and protein composition; the role of axoplasmic flow in trophism of skeletal muscle; and proximodistal transport of acetylcholine in peripheral cholinergic neurons. The remaining chapters discuss the nerve growth factor receptor and its specific binding in sympathetic ganglia; the noradrenergic innervation of cerebellar Purkinje cells; and the possible role of brain and peripheral monoamines in the ontogenesis of normal and drug-induced responses in the immature mammal. This book will be of interest to physiologists and neurologists.
Download or read book The Identification of Novel Mechanisms in Neuronal Development and Degeneration written by Angela Marie Jablonski and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collectively, this work identifies and describes novel proteins and mechanisms involved in the development and pathobiology of motor neurons.
Download or read book Neuronal Migration in Development and Degeneration written by Paul Roger Borghesani and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Degeneration and Regeneration in the Nervous System written by Norman Saunders and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-09-02 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Degeneration and Regeneration in the Nervous System brings together an international team of contributors to produce a series of critical reviews appraising key papers in the field. The pace of research on brain and spinal cord injury quickened considerably in the last ten years and there is much that is new and important that is covered in this book. However, there is still a long way to go before our knowledge will explain fully why the central nervous system has such a limited capacity for regeneration, and before experimental solutions can be applied to the patient. With emphasis on actual and therapeutic importance of the work reviewed, Degeneration and Regeneration in the Nervous System is a useful overview for graduate students, their teachers and researchers working in this field.
Download or read book Chemical Factors in Neural Growth Degeneration and Repair written by C. Bell and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-12-17 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides an up-to-date survey of current thinking concerning the actions of chemical factors in the regulation of neuronal behaviour under normal and pathological conditions. The book is divided into four sections, dealing with chemical factors involved with the formation of axon pathways, factors involved with neuronal survival and specialization during normal development, factors involved in normal maintenance and repair of adult neurons and, finally, factors that have been implicated as mediators of degenerative changes in neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Download or read book Cajal s Degeneration and Regeneration of the Nervous System written by Santiago Ramón y Cajal and published by History of Neuroscience. This book was released on 1991 with total page 977 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a reprint of an English translation of Cajal's original work, with abundant notes and commentaries by the editor. This text describes Cajal's fundamental contributions to neuroscience, which continue to be important today. It accurately details Cajal's ideas and data, and providesreaders with the opportunity to learn what Cajal thought about his research career and the significance of his observations. Excerpts from Tello's memorial lectures also provide a contemporary view of Cajal's work.
Download or read book Dynamics of degeneration and growth in neurons proceedings ed written by International Symposium on Dynamics of Degeneration and Growth in Neurons, Stockholm, 1973 and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ageing and Dementia written by Kurt Jellinger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-08-20 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epidemiological studies, modern clinical, neuroimaging, neuropsychological, molecular biological, and genetic studies have considerably enhanced our knowledge about ageing processes of the human brain, its sequelae, diagnostic, and therapeutic possibilities and limits. In addition to Alzheimer's disease and other degenerative dementias, the impact of cerebrovascular lesions and their risk factors in the pathogenesis of cognitive disorders of the aged are increasingly acknowledged, and the recognition of mild cognitive impairment as a frequent initial stage of developing dementia is becoming an increasingly important diagnostic and therapeutic problem. The included papers were presented at the 7th International Symposium in Graz, Sept. 2001 and give a timely overview of the current and future concepts of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment strategies of pathological brain ageing and dementias, early recognition of mild cognitive impairment and future possiblities of prevention of dementing processes.
Download or read book Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury written by Daniel Laskowitz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-21 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the developme
Download or read book Role of PS secretase mediated Signaling During Neuronal Development and Degeneration written by Míriam Javier Torrent and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Etiology of Parkinson s Disease written by Jonas H. Ellenberg and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995-03-01 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive reference provides a detailed overview of current concepts regarding the cause of Parkinson's disease-emphasizing the issues involved in the design, implementation, and analysis of epidemiological studies of parkinsonism.
Download or read book The Effects of Neuron Degeneration and Methods of Neurogenesis written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 1960's, Joseph Altman discovered the creation of new neurons continues well into the adulthood of mammals. His work lay dormant for several decades possibly as a result of limitations in technology or the limited perceived usefulness at the time. In the 1990's Altman’s discovery gained newfound interest and has stayed in researcher's interest ever since. A combination of improved imaging techniques, a continued shift in the public image of mental disorders, and a desire to aid those suffering from neurodegenerative disorders has led to many attempts to parse out the details of neurogenesis. After a number of studies that explore only the quantity and density of neurogenesis, there has been a small surge in research on the usefulness of neurogenesis. It is well established that the human brain is more than capable of managing itself in terms of the space and use of all the cognitive real estate. Why, then, is it useful to aid the growth of new neurons? All throughout a person's development the brain naturally prunes neurons and in many cases of physical damage the brain's neuroplasticity is able to recover a wide range of functions that would otherwise be considered lost. Because of this it is important to categorize types of neurodegeneration and what the effects of that damage is. I will begin this literature review by categorizing the types of neurodegeneration then follow up on the various methods that have been found to promote neurogenesis. Finally, I will go over the effects of neurogenesis that have been researched thus far. It is easy to assume that we should always try to promote neurogenesis as a part of healthy brain growth and maintenance but this should first be confirmed through scientific method. It is entirely possible that attempting to promote neurogenesis could be harmful, or not produce any measurable difference in health except in the most extreme cases. This is why more research needs to be done before coming to any broad conclusions. It should be proven that neurogenesis actually produces measurable differences in health and/or cognition and what kind of conclusions can be drawn from the creation of new neurons well into adulthood.
Download or read book Neuropathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases written by Gabor G. Kovacs and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-12-13 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical guide to the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases discusses modern molecular techniques, morphological classification, fundamentals of clinical symptomology, diagnostic pitfalls and immunostaining protocols. It is based on the proteinopathy concept of neurodegenerative disease, which has influenced classification and provides new strategies for therapy. Numerous high-quality images, including histopathology photomicrographs and neuroradiology scans, accompany the description of morphologic alterations and interpretation of immunoreactivities. Diagnostic methods and criteria are placed within recent developments in neuropathology, including the now widespread application of immunohistochemistry. To aid daily practice, the guide includes diagnostic algorithms and offers personal insights from experienced experts in the field. Special focus is given to the way brain tissue should be handled during diagnosis. This is a must-have reference for medical specialists and specialist medical trainees in the fields of pathology, neuropathology and neurology working with neuropathologic features of neurodegenerative diseases.
Download or read book Cofilactin Bundling in Neurodevelopment and Degeneration written by Ryan Hylton and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurons are the primary cellular unit of the nervous system, and their structure and function are the fundamental basis for all human movement, sensation, and thought. Neurons communicate through cell-to-cell contacts called synapses, whose location is determined during neuronal development. Here, neurites are guided toward their eventual synaptic partners through the action of a subcellular compartment at their distal tip called the growth cone. Chemical and mechanical cues in the environment attract or repel growth cones, resulting in turning and advance towards their final destination. Later in the life cycle, and especially during certain disease processes, neurons and their synapses degenerate. In both neuronal development and degeneration, the motility and morphology of neurons is determined in part by the activity of filamentous actin (F-actin). This is especially true in the growth cone, where its most distal "peripheral domain" is comprised of actin-rich spikes called filopodia, which act as the growth cone's antennae, and lamellipodia where F-actin polymerization pushes the growth cone forward. F-actin dynamics are regulated by a series of actin binding proteins that alter its polymerization and depolymerization rates, as well as the ultrastructure of F-actin networks. The focus of this dissertation is the actin binding protein cofilin, whose chief function is the severing of actin filaments. It does so by binding to "old", ADP-bound F-actin in a cooperative manner, where it induces a hyper-twisted conformation of the filament, forming a structure called cofilactin. Because of the difference in helical pitch between actin and cofilactin, longitudinal inter-subunit interactions between actin monomers are disrupted at the boundary between the two, resulting in filament severing at this location. This altered twist also confers increased bending and torsional flexibility to the filament. Among other roles, cofilin activity is crucial to normal growth cone motility. Here, it is traditionally described with regards to its F-actin severing activity in the lamellipodia for the sake of actin turnover. Its role in filopodial dynamics is not as well understood. In the chapters below, however, we reveal a novel structural role for cofilin in growth cone filopodia. Using light and electron microscopy, we show that cofilactin clusters into bundles at the proximal base of growth cone filopodia, whereas their distal tips are comprised of normal F-actin crosslinked by the actin binding protein fascin. Immunofluorescence and tomographic analysis suggest that cofilin sterically excludes fascin from binding to actin in the filopodial base. Live-cell imaging of neurons demonstrates that lateral movements of filopodia hinge upon a transition region between these two domains where cofilactin and fascin-linked F-actin coexist. Based on examination of transition region tomograms, we hypothesize that there is a reduction of filament-to-filament crosslinking in this area, which gives it a high degree of flexibility. Conversely, the actin-rich tip is crosslinked by fascin and cofilactin in the base is connected through a currently unknown mechanism. Interestingly, cofilactin also forms bundles in a neurodegenerative context. In particular, multiple forms of cellular stress induce the formation of cofilin-actin rods: rod-shaped inclusions of cofilin and actin that have been shown to disrupt neuritic transport as well as synapse structure and function. These rods have been implicated in multiple forms of neurodegeneration and were previously found in the post-mortem brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. We produced these rods in cultured neurites and performed a structural investigation which revealed noteworthy similarities between them and cofilactin bundles from growth cone filopodia. Many structural and functional assays are still needed to fully understand the interconnected relationship between these two bundles of cofilactin. There are many open questions regarding the initiation, filament crosslinking, and dissolution of each bundle type. However, any similarities or differences between the two would help explain how cofilactin can bundle during neuronal development, and how this action can turn pathological during cofilin-actin rod formation. Future studies will also guide attempts at producing therapies aimed at eliminating cofilin-actin rods, which may be critical to alleviating multiple forms of neurodegeneration.
