Download or read book Neuromuscular Control in Ankle Instability written by Gregory M. Gutierrez and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lateral ankle sprains are among the most common orthopedic injuries and often lead to ankle instability; a condition characterized by pain, weakness, and most problematically, recurrent ankle sprains. Ankle Instability is generally attributed to neuromuscular and proprioceptive deficits; however the pathoetiology behind the condition remains unknown. This work aimed to further understand preparatory and reactive neuromuscular control strategies in individuals with ankle instability (AI group), individuals who have suffered a lateral ankle sprain, but did not develop ankle instability (LAS group), and uninjured controls (CON group) via the use of a novel ankle supinating device, which was created to simulate the mechanism of a lateral ankle sprain during landing. We hypothesize that individuals with ankle instability would demonstrate altered preparatory and reactive neuromuscular control relative to the other two groups, which may predispose them to episodes of their ankle giving way. Contrary to our hypotheses, the AI group was not significantly different than the CON group. In this work, it was the LAS group that differed significantly in their preparatory neuromuscular control patterns from the other two groups, specifically demonstrating a significantly increased TA activation prior to landing. While contrary to traditional logic, we speculate that this is a neuromuscular control pattern in LAS subjects that allows them to control dynamic ankle stability after damage to the lateral ankle ligaments; including controlled kinematics and/or force attenuation. While the device used effectively mimicked the mechanism of a lateral ankle sprain in a safe environment, there were not statistically significant differences in reactive neuromuscular control between the groups. Future work should aim to better categorize individuals with ankle instability, as well as monitor the role of the entire lower extremity in controlling dynamic stability at the ankle joint. Furthermore, future studies should aim to evaluate individuals who have suffered a lateral ankle sprain, but did not develop ankle instability. These individuals may hold the key to understanding neuromuscular control strategies in ankle instability, which could lead to the development of more appropriate treatment and rehabilitation paradigms to reduce the incidence of ankle instability.
Download or read book An Examination of Proximal Tibia Anterior Shear Force and Neuromuscular Control in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability written by Masafumi Terada and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objective: 1) To investigate the influence of chronic ankle instability (CAI) on the amount of proximal tibia anterior shear force (PTASF) as well as neuromuscular control of the knee during a stop-jump task. 2) To scrutinize correlations of the PTASF to alterations of neuromuscular variables. Design: A repeated-measures design with one between-subjects factor (Group) and one within-subjects factor (Side). Participants: 11 subjects with history of unilateral CAI and 12 healthy subjects. Methods: Subjects participated in one testing session and performed a modified forward stop-jump task. Main Outcome Measures: Peak PTASF was measured during a stop-jump. Pre- and post-landing normalized integrated electromyography (IEMG) was measured in the vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), semitendnious (ST), and biceps femoris (BF). Statistical Analysis: A 2 x 2 repeated-measures analysis of variance was used for each of the dependant variables. In the case of statistical significance, a Tukey's post-hoc test will be applied with a Bonferroni correction. Bivariate correlations were calculated using person product moment correlations between all dependent variables on the involved limbs of the subjects with unilateral CAI. A backward stepwise regression analysis was performed. Results: The CAI group had a larger peak PTASF during the stance phase of the stop jumping task (mean = 1.66 " 0.43, p = 0.01) than the control group (mean = 1.27 " 0.41). Subjects with CAI demonstrated a significant higher biceps femoris IEMG during the 100 ms periods pre-initial contact to ground (mean = 1.12 " 1.02, p = 0.04) compared to healthy subjects (mean = 0.68 " 0.29) 100ms prior to landing. Although there were no statistically significant main effects or interactions for pre-landing IEMG of the vastus medialis (VM), the effect sizes for difference in IEMG of VM (d = 1.52) between the CAI group and control group were strong. In the backward regression model, the pre-landing IEMG of the VM predicted 30% of the variance in peak PTASF (R2 = 0.30; p = 0.009) for all subjects and 34% of the variance in peak PTASF (R2 = 0.34; p = 0.06) only for subjects with CAI. For the pairwise correlations between the peak PTASF and the predictor variables, the peak PTASF was significantly and moderately correlated with pre-landing IEMG activity of the VM (p = 0.03). Conclusion: We found increased peak PTASF and altered pre-programming activation patterns of the muscles controlling the knee in the CAI group. These findings may provide insight regarding injury mechanisms and potentially correctable functional deficits that may be associated with contributions of the lower extremity joints during a jump-landing task.
Download or read book The Unstable Ankle written by Meir Nyska and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2002 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pulls together up-to-date research on medical issues related to the unstable ankle and features contributions from an array of leading physicians and rehabilitation professionals. Complete and practical, this text addresses ankle instability problems in a variety of patient populations, including children and adolescents. Special consideration is given to at-risk individuals in selected sports and occupations.
Download or read book The Correlation Between Ankle Proprioception and Lower Extremity Muscle Reactions in Response to Simulated Lateral Ankle Sprains written by Erin Carroll and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Context: Lateral ankle sprains are one of the most commonly occurring sport-related injuries. The somatosensory system is primarily responsible for monitoring the position of the joints in space during movement. This system functions by way of neurological structures that provide proprioceptive and neuromuscular input to the brain. Motor control of the lower extremity relies on proprioceptive input to the central nervous system (CNS) and local neuromuscular control of each joint to produce coordinated, global muscular responses to external events. Previous research has investigated links between proprioception and neuromuscular control in relationship to ankle inversion separately, but none have searched for a link between proprioception and the body's neuromuscular response to ankle inversion. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate a potential relationship between proprioception and lower extremity muscle reaction time in response to an inversion perturbation in healthy individuals. Design: This study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study to assess for a correlation between proprioception and muscle activation in healthy individuals Participants: Participants were healthy, college-aged volunteers recruited by word of mouth at a Midwest university. Inclusion criteria for this study required that the individual had not had lower extremity surgery one year prior to participation, had not been diagnosed with chronic ankle instability by a healthcare professional, and had not had an ankle injury that required medical attention 6 months prior to participation. Intervention: The active joint position sense (AJPS) and passive joint position sense (PJPS) of the subject was recorded and muscle reactions during unexpected inversion perturbations were observed with electromyography. Main Outcome Measure: Pearson's correlations were run between each muscle's average reaction time and both the active and passive joint position sense measures individually. Results: Statistically significant positive relationships were found between the peroneus longus (PL) reaction times and PJPS at -30℗ʻ (exact error- .49, p=.03) and AJPS at 5℗ʻ (absolute error- .53, p=.04), and biceps femoris (BF) reaction times and PJPS at -30℗ʻ (exact error- .75, p=.001, absolute error- .62, p=.01). Statistically significant negative relationships were found between the contralateral gluteus medius (CGMed) reaction times and PJPS at 5℗ʻ (exact error- -.74, p=.001, absolute error- -.78, p=.01) and gluteus maximus (GM) reaction times and AJPS at 5℗ʻ (exact error- -.63, p=.01, absolute error- -.54, p=.04). Conclusions: Reaction time results for the PL were in line with past literature that has looked at the activation of the PL during other inversion tasks and muscle spindle activation. Results of the BF and GM were found to back up evidence found regarding kinematic changes within the affected limb, potentially pointing to an unloading response of the affected limb. The significant finding of the CGMed could potentially have significant meaning, but due to the very small percentage of times the muscle reacted the significant value found was most likely due to chance.
Download or read book Lateral Ankle Instability written by Hélder Pereira and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-28 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This superbly illustrated, up-to-date reference textbook covers all aspects of ankle instability and its management. Readers will find extensive information on biomechanics, injury prevention, current strategies for conservative treatment, and established and emerging surgical techniques. The most recent procedures, particularly those which are minimally invasive and arthroscopically assisted, are described and discussed in depth. Detailed attention is also devoted to controversies such as the indications and timing for conservative or surgical treatment, the current and future roles of arthroscopy, the definition of “anatomic” repair, and the upcoming concept of “anatomic reconstruction” (replication of anatomy by using a graft). The book is published in cooperation with ESSKA, and the chapter authors include clinicians and scientists working in the field of foot and ankle orthopaedics and sports medicine from across the world. All who are involved in the care of patients suffering from ankle instability, including amateur and high-level athletes, will find Lateral Ankle Instability to be an excellent source of knowledge and a valuable aid to clinical practice.
Download or read book Effects of Chronic Ankle Instability and Rest Intervals on Performance Neuromuscular Function Postural Control and Biomechanics During the Star Excursion Balance Test written by Yongung Kwon and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction: It has been proposed that inadequate rest intervals may contribute to decreased performance of activities. However, previous research has not investigated the effect of rest interval on performance of the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) in individuals with and without chronic ankle instability. Objective: To determine whether rest interval affects performance of the SEBT associated with chronic ankle instability (CAI) and whether neuromuscular function, postural control or biomechanics can be associated factors which may help discriminate between healthy individuals and those with CAI during the SEBT. Design: 2-group counterbalanced study. Participants: Participants included 24 individuals with a history of at least one ankle sprain in the past year and at least 2 episodes of giving way in the past 6 month prior to study enrollment, and 24 individuals with no history of ankle sprain or instability in their lifetime. Methods: Subjects completed 3 trials in each of the 3 reach directions (anteromedial, medial, posteromedial) in random order. A total of three visits were required in order to complete the 3 rest intervals (10, 20, 40 seconds). Normalized maximum reach distance, electromyographic (EMG) activation of tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, and medial gastrocnemius muscles, multiplanar motion of the lower extremity, coupling angles (CA) of lower extremity segments and maximum lateral center of pressure velocity were calculated and compared between groups in each direction for each rest interval. Results: Rest interval did not influence differences of reach distance, EMG ankle muscle activation, kinematics and center of pressure velocity between healthy individuals and those with CAI during the SEBT. However, the rest interval of 20 seconds demonstrated differences in CAs of tibial internal rotation/dorsiflexion (TIR/DF) and tibial internal rotation/eversion (TIR/EV) between healthy individuals and those with CAI during the SEBT. Overall, reach distance, mean amplitude of EMG ankle muscles, kinematics and joint CAs were different between healthy individuals and those with CAI during the SEBT regardless of rest interval. Discussion: Based on these results, differences exist in neuromuscular functions and biomechanics between healthy individuals and those with CAI when performing the SEBT. A rest interval time of 20 seconds between trials during the SEBT is an appropriate time to discriminate joint CAs of TIR/DF and TIR/EV between healthy individuals and those with CAI during the SEBT. These findings have implications for treatment and possible prevention of CAI.
Download or read book Neuromuscular control mechanisms during single leg jump landing in sub acute ankle sprain patients written by Franziska Zumstein and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Human Motion written by and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Human Motion is a large cross-disciplinary reference work which covers the many interlinked facets of the science and technology of human motion and its measurement. Individual chapters cover fundamental principles and technological developments, the state-of-the-art and consider applications across four broad and interconnected fields; medicine, sport, forensics and animation. The huge strides in technological advancement made over the past century make it possible to measure motion with unprecedented precision, but also lead to new challenges. This work introduces the many different approaches and systems used in motion capture, including IR and ultrasound, mechanical systems and video, plus some emerging techniques. The large variety of techniques used for the study of motion science in medicine can make analysis a complicated process, but extremely effective for the treatment of the patient when well utilised. The handbook descri bes how motion capture techniques are applied in medicine, and shows how the resulting analysis can help in diagnosis and treatment. A closely related field, sports science involves a combination of in-depth medical knowledge and detailed understanding of performance and training techniques, and motion capture can play an extremely important role in linking these disciplines. The handbook considers which technologies are most appropriate in specific circumstances, how they are applied and how this can help prevent injury and improve sporting performance. The application of motion capture in forensic science and security is reviewed, with chapters dedicated to specific areas including employment law, injury analysis, criminal activity and motion/facial recognition. And in the final area of application, the book describes how novel motion capture techniques have been designed specifically to aid the creation of increasingly realistic animation within films and v ideo games, with Lord of the Rings and Avatar just two examples. Chapters will provide an overview of the bespoke motion capture techniques developed for animation, how these have influenced advances in film and game design, and the links to behavioural studies, both in humans and in robotics. Comprising a cross-referenced compendium of different techniques and applications across a broad field, the Handbook of Human Motion provides the reader with a detailed reference and simultaneously a source of inspiration for future work. The book will be of use to students, researchers, engineers and others working in any field relevant to human motion capture.
Download or read book Neuromuscular Control and Movement Variability in Adolescent Female Soccer Athletes During Simulated Soccer Jump Header Landing Task written by Emily Elizabeth Grammer and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The lateral ankle sprain (LAS) is the most common orthopedic injury in athletics and is the result of simultaneous excessive inversion of the ankle and supination of the foot. Following initial LAS, degenerative changes have been found in over 70% of participants for extended periods of time. With the aforementioned degenerative changes typically come alterations in movement patterns, muscle activation patterns, and arthrokinematics. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of LAS history on neuromuscular control during a soccer specific jump-landing task and to illustrate the impact of limb (injured vs. non-injured) on neuromuscular control during a soccer specific jump-landing task in female adolescent athletes (n = 14, age = 16 ± 1.0 yr). A control group (n = 7) and a group designated as the "ankle sprain" group (n = 7) were used. The injured ankles in the ankle sprain group and the dominant limbs of the control group were labeled "affected," while the uninjured limbs of the ankle sprain group and the non-dominant limbs of the control group were labeled "unaffected." Electromyography (EMG) sensors were placed on 6 lower-limb muscles of each participant bilaterally, totaling 12 sensors per participant -- Lateral Gastrocnemius (LG), Peroneus Longus (PL), Tibialis Anterior (TA), Vastus Lateralis (VL), Vastus Medialis (VM), and Biceps Femoris (BF). Each participant completed a 5-minute low-to-moderate intensity warm-up on a cycler ergometer, then completed 10 soccer-header jump-landing trials. There were no significant limb by group interactions (p > 0.05) or group main effects (p > 0.05) found in the current study. Pre-landing data showed significant limb main effects for the vi standard deviation (SD) of the unaffected PL (p = 0.017) and the affected VL (p = 0.048). Furthermore, significant limb main effects were discovered for the COV of pre-landing muscle activation for the PL (p = 0.043), LG (p = 0.049), and VL (p = 0.048). During the post-landing period, significant limb main effects were recorded for the average activation (p = 0.001) and SD (p = 0.003) of the PL and the COV of the VL (p = 0.038). Reduced activation of the nondominant limbs illustrated increased neuromuscular control in the distal musculature (PL), while the proximal musculature (VL) demonstrated reduced neuromuscular control on the unaffected limbs. The current study discovered that limb dominance was a more prominent factor in altered lower-leg neuromuscular control compared to ankle injury history. Limb differences were most likely the result of the sport-specific demands placed on the dominant and non-dominant limbs during soccer, which elicited increased muscular responses of the non-dominant limb during jump-landing tasks.
Download or read book Lower Extremity Neuromechanics During a Forward side Jump Following Functional Fatigue in Patients with Ankle Instability written by Hyunsoo Kim and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ankle instability (AI) and fatigue impair neuromuscular control as well as dynamic joint stability of the lower extremity. No one has comprehensively examined the effects of AI and fatigue on neuromechanics of the lower extremity during a functional activity. Deficits associated with AI and fatigue could be additive in increasing the risk for injury in patients with AI. PURPOSE: To examine the interaction of AI and fatigue on lower extremity muscle activity, kinematic, and kinetic patterns during a forward-side jump. METHODS: 25 AI (23.3 +-2.5 yrs, 176.5 +- 10.5 cm, 70.9 +- 11.4 kg), and 25 matched control subjects (23.7 +- 2.5 yrs, 175.0 +- 10.8 cm, 70.3 +- 12.8 kg) were categorized according to the Foot and Anlke Ability Measure (FAAM) (ADL: 84.3 +- 7.6%, Sport: 63.6 +- 8.6%) and the modified Anlke Instability Instrument (MAII) (3.7 +- 1.2). Fifty-nine reflective markers were place over anatomical landmarks and eight electromyography (EMG) electrodes were placed on tibialis anterior (TA), peroneus longus (PL), medical gastrocmedius (MG), medical hamstring (MH), vastus lateralis (VL), adductor longus (AL), gluteus medius (GMed), and gluteus maxiums (GMax) muscles in the involved leg. Subjects performed five forward-side jumps on a force plate before and after functional fatiguing exercises. To induce fatigue, subjects began 5-min incremental running on a treadmill between 5 and 6 mph. Next, subjects performed 20-second lateral counter movement jumps (CMJ), and 20 vertical CMJs. After each fatigue cycle, subjects performed one max vertical jump. Subjects repeated three exercises until Borg's rating of perceived exertion (RPE) reached 17 and the vertical jump height fell below 80% of their max jump height. Functional analysis of variance (FANOVA) (p
Download or read book Handbook of Balance Function Testing written by Gary P. Jacobson and published by Singular. This book was released on 1997 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introductory reference on balance function testing for clinicians and technicians who assess patients with balance system disorders. Part I provides a historical framework for understanding the evolution of balance function testing. Part II begins with an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the vestibular system and principles of electro-oculography, then focuses on subtests comprising the ENG test battery. Parts III and IV describe rotational and CDP test techniques, and Part V addresses special issues such as medical and surgical treatment and assessment. Includes bandw diagrams. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Quick Questions in Ankle Sprains written by Patrick McKeon and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-06-01 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are you looking for concise, practical answers to questions that are often left unanswered by traditional sports medicine references? Are you seeking brief, up-to-date, expert advice for common issues that can be encountered when working with athletes? Quick Questions in Ankle Sprains: Expert Advice in Sports Medicine provides a unique format of concise and to the point responses with clinical application, backed by the latest research on sports-related ankle sprains among athletes. Drs. Patrick O. McKeon and Erik A. Wikstrom and their contributors present 39 common clinical questions regarding the prevention, assessment, treatment, management, and rehabilitation of ankle sprains. Co-published with the National Athletic Trainers’ Association, Quick Questions in Ankle Sprains: Expert Advice in Sports Medicine provides concise answers to 39 frequently asked clinical questions. Written in a conversational tone, the authors of the individual questions represent a variety of different backgrounds and are experts in their respective field. The variety of questions and brevity of responses will make this a book that is easy to read and reference at the point of care. Some sample sections and questions include: Risk and reduction of ankle sprains What effect does prophylactic bracing and/or taping have on reducing lateral ankle sprain risk? Diagnosis What are the most useful clinical tests to accurately diagnose syndesmotic and medial ankle sprains? Treatment and rehabilitation To what extent should I use manual therapies to treat ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability? Surgical considerations When should I refer my patient with an ankle problem to an orthopedic surgeon? Quick Questions in Ankle Sprains: Expert Advice in Sports Medicine is the perfect at-your-side resource for the athletic trainer, team physician, or sports medicine clinician looking for practical answers to sports-related ankle sprain questions. The concise and conversational tone allows the reader to readily apply the information into their everyday practice. Other books in the Series Include: Quick Questions in Heat-Related Illness and Hydration Quick Questions in Sports-Related Concussion Quick Questions in the Shoulder
Download or read book Control Strategies During Gait Termination written by Amruta D. Inamdar and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A KONIGSBERG T-42AL-8T (Konigsberg Instruments Inc, California) telemetric electromyography unit was used to record muscle activity of Tibialis Anterior (TA), Soleus (Sol) and Gluteus Medius (GM) using bipolar 1-mm x 10-mm Ag/AgCl surface electrodes. A 3-way MANOVA (2:group x 2:limb x 3:condition) with repeated measures on the last factor revealed significance differences in propulsive force and braking force. Both propulsive force and braking force in the AI group were higher than the control group during unplanned gait termination and the AI group relied more on lead limb strategy during gait termination. A 4-way MANOVA (2:group x 2:limb x 6:phases x 2:condition) with repeated measures on the last factor revealed significance differences in average amplitude of TA, Sol and GM. The average amplitude of TA for the involved limb was less than the uninvolved limb during all four subphases of stance. The average amplitude of TA, Sol and GM was higher during unplanned gait termination than during planned gait termination. Average amplitude of Sol in the AI group was less than that in the control group. This finding failed to explain the result that the AI group generates a higher braking force and suggested that another muscle might be responsible for producing the braking force in the AI group during gait termination. A 3-way MANOVA (2:group x 2:limb x 2:condition) with repeated measures on the last factor revealed higher DPSI and APSI scores in the AI group and involved limb during unplanned gait termination than during planned gait termination. All these finding suggest that feedback and feedforward deficits of neuromuscular control coexist in AI.
Download or read book Sports Injuries written by Mahmut Nedim Doral and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2015-06-29 with total page 3295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sports Injuries: Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation covers the whole field of sports injuries and is an up-to-date guide for the diagnosis and treatment of the full range of sports injuries. The work pays detailed attention to biomechanics and injury prevention, examines the emerging treatment role of current strategies and evaluates sports injuries of each part of musculoskeletal system. In addition, pediatric sports injuries, extreme sports injuries, the role of physiotherapy, and future developments are extensively discussed. All those who are involved in the care of patients with sports injuries will find this textbook to be an invaluable, comprehensive, and up-to-date reference.
Download or read book The Examination of Dynamic Foot Pressure Distributions Running Mechanics and a Lateral Hop in Subjects with Chronic Ankle Instability written by Katherine Elizabeth Morrison and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lateral ankle sprains (LAS) are common injuries in athletic activity. Although some will resolve with conservative treatment, others will develop chronic ankle instability (CAI), a condition associated with persistent pain, weakness, and instability. Because of an increase in prevalence of CAI, considerable attention has been directed towards understanding the underlying causes of this pathology. Despite the amount of research conducted in this area, analysis of the movement patterns in these individuals during dynamic conditions is limited. A mechanical analysis of high-risk dynamic activities may give greater insight into the stresses on the foot and ankle complex in CAI subjects. The overall aims of this study were: (1) to determine if there are kinematic, kinetic, or neuromuscular differences at the foot and ankle complex in the running mechanics of subjects with CAI; (2) to determine if there are kinematic, kinetic, or neuromuscular differences at the foot and ankle complex during a lateral hop in subjects with CAI; and (3) to determine if there are differences in dynamic plantar pressure distributions at the foot during a running gait in subjects with CAI. We hypothesized that subjects with CAI would display different biomechanical patterns at the foot and ankle when compared to both a group of subjects who suffered one LAS, but did not develop CAI (AS group), and an uninjured control group. The differences detected will highlight characteristics at the foot and ankle which may predispose CAI subjects to recurrent injury. We also hypothesized that the greatest disparity would be between the CAI and AS groups, indicating possible compensatory strategies utilized in the AS population. The differences would be demonstrated in the kinetic, kinematic, electromyographic, and plantar pressure variables of interest. The specific aims were addressed in three studies. The first and second studies utilized three-dimensional motion analysis and surface electromyographic assessment to investigate biomechanical strategies at the foot and ankle during dynamic conditions in subjects with CAI. The first study utilized a running gait, while the second integrated a lateral hopping maneuver. During a running gait, subjects with CAI had a significantly greater rearfoot inversion angle at foot strike (FS), greater variability of the rearfoot inversion angle at FS, a reduced rearfoot internal inversion moment during the loading phase of stance, a greater plantar flexion angle at FS, and a more delayed onset of peroneal muscle activity relative to FS. With regard to the lateral hop, only the onset of peroneal muscle activity was significantly different between groups, with the greatest delay occurring in the CAI group. The results demonstrate that individuals with CAI have different foot and ankle mechanics and may help to explain their predisposition to episodes of "giving way" and subsequent ankle sprains. It is important to note, however, that the differences detected were greatest between the CAI and Control groups for both conditions. We were unable to detect clear compensatory strategies utilized by the AS group. The AS group exhibited kinematic and kinetic characteristics at the rearfoot and ankle that more closely matched the uninjured control group. Therefore, more attention should be placed on correcting foot and ankle positioning and increasing neuromuscular control during dynamic activity in the treatment and rehabilitation of CAI. The third study assessed differences in plantar pressure distributions at the foot during a running gait in subjects with CAI. Individuals with CAI had a significantly more lateral pressure distribution at foot strike (FS) and a more lateral center-of-pressure (COP) trajectory during the loading phase. Both findings demonstrate a more inverted pattern of running gait. Interestingly, the greatest difference in the pressure distribution at FS was between the CAI and AS subjects and may highlight a potential compensatory mechanism. The combined results suggest that individuals with CAI have altered movement patterns and mechanics at the foot and ankle during dynamic activity, and display a more vulnerable inverted gait pattern. The disparity between the CAI and AS groups suggests that mechanics utilized by the CAI group contribute to the development of repetitive, not isolated lateral ankle sprain events. These findings may assist in the development of appropriate treatment and prevention protocols for CAI.
Download or read book Evidence Based Sports Medicine written by Domhnall MacAuley and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of the popular book Evidence-based Sports Medicine builds on the features that made the first edition such a valuable text and provides a completely up-to-date tool for sports medicine physicians, family practitioners and orthopedic surgeons. Updated to take into account new evidence from systematic reviews and controlled trials, Evidence-based Sports Medicine is a unique reference book on the optimum management of sports-related conditions. This second edition: contains sections on acute injury, chronic conditions, and injuries to the upper limb, groin and knee and to the lower leg pays increased attention to the important and emerging area of injury prevention features thoroughly revised methodology sections within each chapter, reflecting changes in technique and application MCQs and essay questions that allow readers to continually assess their knowledge and understanding of the topics covered
Download or read book Implications of Fatigue and Stability on Neuromuscular Control and Injury Risk in Recreational Runners written by Nelson Alexander Glover and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Running is critical in promoting the public's well-being, but running-related injuries (RRI) often interrupt training regimens. Identifying the risk factors that determine a runner’s likelihood of injury through biomechanical factors has been important to researchers. Despite the breadth of research, there are still many unknown factors that may influence injuries in runners. A deeper understanding of suboptimal conditions and runners’ biomechanical and neuromuscular compensations may help inform intervention strategies to mitigate injuries. Fatigue is a condition that most runners experience during their regular runs that cause deficits in muscle function, but little is known about specific neuromuscular control adaptations in runners. In addition to fatigue, external perturbations commonly experienced in runs can potentially alter the biomechanics and control of runners, and the injury risk of these adaptations is largely unknown. This dissertation aims to assess the injury risk in runners associated with fatigue and destabilizing conditions and characterize the changes in neuromuscular control. Aim 1 evaluated the biomechanical and neuromuscular control compensations resulting from a run to volitional fatigue. This aim demonstrated decreased coactivation of the quadriceps and hamstrings around the knee and ankle and reduced trunk control. Further analysis revealed that the altered trunk control and ankle coactivation during the weight acceptance phase of stance have strong influences on increases in peak vertical instantaneous loading rates, a risk factor for RRI. Changes in running terrain and movement or slipping on running surfaces can occur during a regular run, and the adaptations associated with these acute perturbations were examined in Aim 2. Runners experienced a controlled, acute perturbation while running on the treadmill that simulated slipping and running on sudden changes in terrain. The slipping perturbation created the most significant changes in neuromuscular control, altering the coactivation of the knee and ankle muscles throughout the stance phase. Although there was a change in control strategy, there was no evidence of changes in injury risk factors. Aim 3 extended the analysis of control by examining the changes in local dynamic stability of the runners after experiencing one of the acute perturbations. There was no change in the stability of the participants who experienced the slipping perturbation. Still, there were long-term increases in the stability of the runners experiencing changes in terrain. Aim 4 evaluated a proposed change in global neuromuscular objective while fatigued and tested it through implementation as a cost function in musculoskeletal optimizations. Decreases in coactivation in Aim 1 were interpreted as potential evidence for decreased joint contact loading. Optimizations using a joint loading reduction objective function better estimated muscle activity in fatigued runners. Improvements in musculoskeletal simulations are valuable in quantifying loads that may lead to injury that cannot be quantified otherwise. Findings from this dissertation suggest that significant changes in control occur when running in destabilizing conditions and running with fatigue. Adaptations to fatigue can lead to increased injury risk, influenced by changes in neuromuscular control objectives. Adaptations to acute perturbations can be neuromuscular or characterized by the stability of the running motion.
