Download or read book Neuroinflammation as a Target for Intervention in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage written by Fernando Testai and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-10 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a stroke subtype that affects, preponderantly, young adults. This condition carries a mortality of approximately 30-50% and a rate of permanent neurological disability of 30%. In addition, a substantial number of patients with an apparent good outcome suffer from residual neurocognitive impairment which, though subtle, prevents them from returning to work and having a normal life. Based on these data, it has been estimated that SAH is responsible for almost a quarter of all the years lost because of stroke. The calcium channel blocker nimodipine remains the only pharmacological treatment for SAH. This drug, however, has limited effectiveness and its use in clinical practice may be limited due to hypotension. Therefore, novel and effective treatments for this condition are desperately needed. The outcome in SAH has been associated with early brain injury, vasospasm, and delayed cerebral ischemia. Mechanistically, these processes are characterized by micro- and macro-vascular dysfunction, microthrombi formation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysregulation, brain edema, and neural-cell survival. Soon after SAH, there is a robust inflammatory response characterized by pyrexia, leukocytosis, and upregulation of adhesion molecules and cytokines in the periphery and in the CNS. Observational studies have shown that patients with more severe inflammatory responses experience worse outcomes after SAH. At the molecular level, different proinflammatory intracellular signaling pathways, including mitogen-activated protein-kinase and nuclear factor kappa-β, are activated in cerebral vessels after experimental SAH and their inhibition has been shown to decrease the occurrence of vasospasm. In addition, clinical and preclinical data have linked cytokine upregulation (interleukins [IL]-1B, IL-6 and IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), enhanced expression of adhesion molecules (selectins, integrins, and ICAM), and neutrophil activation to vasospasm of large cerebral arteries, microvascular dysregulation, and cell death. Moreover, immune cells regulate hemostasis and secrete active proteases, including matrix metalloproteinase 9, which promote microthrombosis and induce blood brain barrier dysfunction, respectively. In this context, it has been suggested that an enhanced inflammatory burden might contribute to brain injury in SAH through numerous downstream mechanisms. On the other hand, growing evidence demonstrates that neuroinflammation may influence the proliferation and migration of progenitor cells that participate of synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, and neurorepair.
Download or read book Critical Care of the Stroke Patient written by Stefan Schwab and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-06-05 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New and groundbreaking therapeutic options for the critical care of patients with cerebrovascular disease have improved patient management, minimized morbidity, reduced in-patient care, improved quality of life, and had a positive economic impact on health service provision. This volume integrates these approaches and suggests the best therapy option for all cerebrovascular conditions. The early chapters of the book focus on monitoring techniques and interventions. Subsequent sections address the critical care of a wide range of cerebrovascular diseases: ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, arteriovenous malformations, cerebral venous thrombosis and traumatic injury. The editors and authors are internationally recognized experts in their field, and the text is supplemented by tables and illustrations to demonstrate important clinical findings. This book will meet the needs of stroke physicians, neurologists, neurosurgeons, neurointensivists and interventional neuroradiologists seeking to maximize positive outcomes for their patients.
Download or read book Management of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage written by Adel E. Ahmed Ganaw and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-26 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), describing in detail the neurophysiology, anatomy, epidemiology, grading, anesthesia management, coiling and interventional treatment of this dangerous disease. Written by leading international experts, it highlights the state-of-the-art techniques for the diagnosis and treatment (non-surgical and surgical) of SAH and the clinical variations. It also examines the reliability of the new techniques versus the standard clinical methods to predict problems related to SAH and its recent diagnosis and management. The book starts with a brief discussion of the epidemiology of SAH, cerebral circulation, anatomy of brain blood vessels and neurophysiology related to this fatal disease. Then, in the following chapters it covers grading of subarachnoid hemorrhage, anesthesia management of SAH, treatment, subarachnoid hemorrhage coiling and radiological intervention. Lastly, it explores surgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms in more detail, and addresses complications, critical care management and headache in SAH, traumatic SAH and prognosis. Featuring numerous images, tables, schema, illustrations and videos, the book is intended for junior and senior anesthesiologists, neuroscientists, intervention radiologists, intensivists and neurosurgeons.
Download or read book Nutrition and Traumatic Brain Injury written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-07-01 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) accounts for up to one-third of combat-related injuries in Iraq and Afghanistan, according to some estimates. TBI is also a major problem among civilians, especially those who engage in certain sports. At the request of the Department of Defense, the IOM examined the potential role of nutrition in the treatment of and resilience against TBI.
Download or read book Intracerebral Hemorrhage Research written by John Zhang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-07-05 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume includes 75 papers which were presented at the Third International Conference on Intracerebral Hemorrhage, held in Rancho Mirage, California, in March 2010. The topics treated include animal models, pathophysiology of cerebral hemorrhage, experimental treatment for cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage clinical manifestations, prognosis of cerebral hemorrhage, and clinical management. The articles represent the recent advances in hemorrhagic brain injury research presented by highly respected laboratories around the world.
Download or read book Neurovascular Events After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage written by Javier Fandino and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-03 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains articles presented at the 12th International Conference on Cerebral Vasospasm, held in Lucerne, Switzerland, in July 2013. The included papers represent a balanced cross-section of the enormous progress achieved in basic and clinical research on aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and its sequelae, including early neurovascular events and delayed cerebral vasospasm. The section on basic research covers a broad range of aspects, with a special focus on animal models for the study of acute events after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. The section on clinical topics encompasses imaging and endovascular management, surgical innovations and techniques, management and monitoring in neurocritical care, the status of clinical trials, and factors involved in aneurysm formation. This edition is of interest not only for basic researchers but also for clinicians who wish to apply state-of-the-art knowledge to the research and management of this devastating condition.
Download or read book New Insight into Cerebrovascular Diseases written by Patricia Bozzetto Ambrosi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-05-13 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Brain circulation is a true road map that consists of large extended navigation territories and a number of unimagined and undiscovered routes.” Dr. Patricia Bozzetto Ambrosi This book combines an update on the review of cerebrovascular diseases in the form of textbook chapters, which has been carefully reviewed by Dr. Patricia Bozzetto Ambrosi, Drs. Rufai Ahmad and Auwal Abdullahi and Dr. Amit Agrawal, high-performance academic editors with extensive experience in neurodisciplines, including neurology, neurosurgery, neuroscience, and neuroradiology, covering the best standards of neurological practice involving basic and clinical aspects of cerebrovascular diseases. Each topic was carefully revised and prepared using smooth, structured vocabulary, plus superb graphics and scientific illustrations. In emphasizing the most common aspects of cerebrovascular diseases: stroke burden, pathophysiology, hemodynamics, diagnosis, management, repair, and healing, the book is comprehensive but concise and should become the standard reference guide for this neurological approach.
Download or read book Timing of Aneurysm Surgery written by L. M. Auer and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-05-20 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No detailed description available for "Timing of Aneurysm Surgery".
Download or read book Animal Models of Acute Neurological Injuries written by Jun Chen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-16 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite numerous recent studies and exciting discoveries in the field, only limited treatment is available today for the victims of acute neurological injuries. Animal Models of Acute Neurological Injuries provides a standardized methodology manual designed to eliminate the inconsistent preparations and variability that currently jeopardizes advances in the field. Contributed by top experts and many original developers of the models, each chapter contains a step-by-step, proven procedure and visual aids covering the most commonly used animal models of neurological injury in order to highlight the practical applications of animal models rather than the theoretical issues. This intensive volume presents its readily reproducible protocols with great clarity and consistency to best aid neuroscientists and neurobiologists in laboratory testing and experimentation. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, Animal Models of Acute Neurological Injuries is an ideal guide for scientists and researchers who wish to pursue this vital course of study with the proficiency and precision that the field requires.
Download or read book Monitoring in Neurocritical Care written by Peter D. Le Roux and published by Saunders. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ideal for neurosurgeons, neurologists, neuroanesthesiologists, and intensivists, Monitoring in Neurocritical Care helps you use the latest technology to more successfully detect deteriorations in neurological status in the ICU. This neurosurgery reference offers in-depth coverage of state-of-the-art management strategies and techniques so you can effectively monitor your patients and ensure the best outcomes. Understand the scientific basis and rationale of particular monitoring techniques and how they can be used to assess neuro-ICU patients. Make optimal use of the most advanced technology, including transcranial Doppler sonography, transcranial color-coded sonography, measurements of jugular venous oxygen saturation, near-infrared spectroscopy, brain electrical monitoring techniques, and intracerebral microdialysis and techniques based on imaging. Apply multimodal monitoring for a more accurate view of brain function, and utilize the latest computer systems to integrate data at the bedside. Access practical information on basic principles, such as quality assurance, ethics, and ICU design. Seamlessly search the full text of Monitoring in Neurocritical Care online at www.expertconsult.com.
Download or read book Neurosonology in Critical Care written by Camilo N. Rodríguez and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-19 with total page 1143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook addresses the classical use of Transcranial Doppler (TCD) and Transcranial Color-Coded Duplex Sonography (TCCS), focusing on the usefulness of neurological monitoring beyond classical acute brain injuries present in the daily intensive care medical practice. It encompasses a wide range of critical pathologies where neurological impact is part of clinical evolution, offering practical approaches for managing, application and interpretation of neurosonology to assist the physician to making real-time individualized decisions at bedside. It is an academic guide developed and edited by international experts being a very useful resource in daily practice for intensivists, neurologists, neurosurgeons and other specialists involving in critical care.
Download or read book Neuroscience for Neurosurgeons written by Farhana Akter and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-12-31 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With advances in medicine and medical innovation, the face of neurosurgery has changed dramatically. A new era of surgeons values the need to undertake research in everyday practice and actively participate in the clinic and laboratory in order to improve patient prognosis. Highlighting the principles of basic neuroscience and its application to neurosurgical disease, this book breaks down neurological conditions into current academic themes and advances. The book is split into two sections, with the first covering basic and computational neuroscience including neuroanatomy, synaptic transmission and the growing use of artificial intelligence. The second section concentrates on specific conditions, such as gliomas, spinal tumors, and peripheral nerve injury. Outlining the clinical and pathophysiological principles of neurological conditions, this valuable book describes key animal models, helping clinicians design and conduct appropriate research projects to further knowledge and improve prognosis.
Download or read book Inflammation and Stroke written by Giora Z. Feuerstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New opportunities for stroke prevention and therapeutics: a hope from anti-inflammatory drugs?.- Inflammation in stroke and CNS trauma - experimental and clinical evidence.- Clinical evidence of inflammation as a risk factor in ischemic stroke.- Inflammation as a risk factor for stroke: evidence from experimental models.- Inflammatory and immune responses to CNS injury: beneficial and detrimental components.- Salutary effect of autoimmune T cells after central nervous system injury.- Traumatic brain injury: is head trauma an inflammatory disease?.- Cyclic activation and inactivation of brain vessels involving inflammatory mediators - implications for stroke.- Inflammatory cells in stroke.- Do leukocytes play a role in focal ischemia in the brain? An objective review of the literature.- The role of microglia in ischemic brain injury.- Inflammatory activation of brain cells by hypoxia: transcription factors and signaling pathways.- Inflammatory cytokines, interleukins and chemokines in stroke and CNS trauma.- Cytokine effects on CNS cells: implications for the pathogenesis and prevention of stroke.- Interleukin-10 in cerebral ischemia and stroke.- Chemokines and ischemic stroke.- Biphasic activity of tumor necrosis factor in stroke and brain trauma: interaction with reactive oxygen species.- Interleukin-1 and IL-1 receptor antagonist in stroke: mechanisms and potential therapeutics.- Inflammatory cytokines in CNS trauma.- Inflammation in cerebral thrombosis, angiogenesis and matrix regulation: a new perspective in stroke research and therapeutics.- Microvessel integrin expression during focal cerebral ischemia.- The inflammatory response in focal cerebral ischemia.- Chronic neuronal perturbation mediated by RAGE, a receptor for ?-sheet fibrils and S100/calgranulins.- Mediators of inflammation and blood-brain barrier permeability in cerebral ischemia.- Inflammatory proteases and oxygen radicals in stroke.- The role of metalloproteinases on blood-brain barrier breakdown after ischemic stroke.- Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in hypoxia/reoxygenation and stroke.- Extracellular matrix-degrading metalloproteinases and neuroinflammation in stroke.- Anti-oxidant strategies to treat stroke.- Inflammatory adhesion molecules, kinins, nitric oxide complement factors and lipid mediators in stroke.- Selectin-and complement-mediated mechanisms of tissue injury in stroke.- The kallikrein-kinin system in ischemic and traumatic brain injury.- Nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthases and cyclooxygenase-2 in experimental focal stroke.
Download or read book Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation written by Gonzalo Emiliano Aranda Abreu and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-08-23 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation" book explains how the neuronal cells become swollen at the moment of the blood-brain barrier disruption and how they lose their immunological isolation. A cascade of cytokines and immune cells from the bloodstream enters the nervous system, inflaming neurons and activating the glia. This produces a neuroinflammatory process that can generate different neurodegenerative diseases. Better understanding of mechanisms that are activated at the time when the damage to the brain occurs could lead to the development of suitable therapies that revert the neuronal inflammation and thus prevent further damage to the nervous system.
Download or read book Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury written by Daniel Laskowitz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-12-01 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches has been disappointingly slow. Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury attempts to integrate expertise from across specialties to address knowledge gaps in the field of TBI. Its chapters cover a wide scope of TBI research in five broad areas: Epidemiology Pathophysiology Diagnosis Current treatment strategies and sequelae Future therapies Specific topics discussed include the societal impact of TBI in both the civilian and military populations, neurobiology and molecular mechanisms of axonal and neuronal injury, biomarkers of traumatic brain injury and their relationship to pathology, neuroplasticity after TBI, neuroprotective and neurorestorative therapy, advanced neuroimaging of mild TBI, neurocognitive and psychiatric symptoms following mild TBI, sports-related TBI, epilepsy and PTSD following TBI, and more. The book integrates the perspectives of experts across disciplines to assist in the translation of new ideas to clinical practice and ultimately to improve the care of the brain injured patient.
Download or read book Neuroinflammation in Stroke written by Ulrich Dirnagl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The successful treatment of acute stroke remains one of the major challenges in clinical medicine. Over the last decades, the understanding of stroke pathophysiology has greatly improved, while the therapeutic options in stroke therapy remain very limited. Today, hyperacute mechanisms of damage, such as excitotoxicity, can be discriminated from delayed ones, such as inflammation and apoptosis. Targeting of inflammation has already been successfully applied in various stroke models, but translation into a clinically efficacious strategy has not been achieved so far. In this book, leading experts in basic cerebrovascular research as well as stroke treatment review the current evidence for and against an important role for inflammation in stroke, and explore the potential of treating or modulating inflammation in stroke therapy.
Download or read book Textbook of Stroke Medicine written by Michael Brainin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-09-11 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fully revised throughout, the new edition of this concise textbook is aimed at doctors preparing to specialize in stroke care.
