Download or read book Neural Models of language Processes written by Michael Arbib and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neural Models of Language Processes offers an interdisciplinary approach to understanding the nature of human language and the means whereby we use it. The book is organized into five parts. Part I provides an opening framework that addresses three tasks: to place neurolinguistics in current perspective; to provide two case studies of aphasia; and to discuss the ""rules of the game"" of the various disciplines that contribute to this volume. Part II on artificial intelligence (AI) and processing models discusses the contribution of AI to neurolinguistics. The chapters in this section introduce three AI systems for language perception: the HWIM and HEARSAY systems that proceed from an acoustic input to a semantic interpretation of the utterance it represents, and Marcus9 system for parsing sentences presented in text. Studying these systems demonstrates the virtues of implemented or implementable models. Part III on linguistic and psycholinguistic perspectives includes studies such as nonaphasic language behavior and the linguistics and psycholinguistics of sign language. Part IV examines neurological perspectives such as the neuropathological basis of Broca's aphasia and the simulation of speech production without a computer. Part V on neuroscience and brain theory includes studies such as the histology, architectonics, and asymmetry of language areas; hierarchy and evolution in neurolinguistics; and perceptual-motor processes and the neural basis of language.

Download or read book Biological Perspectives on Language written by David Caplan and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1984 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Profoundly influenced by the analyses, of contemporary linguistics, these original contributions bring a number of different views to bear on important issues in a controversial area of study. The linguistic structures and language-related processes the book deals with are for the most part central (syntactic structures, phonological representations, semantic readings) rather than peripheral (acousticphonetic structures and the perception and production of these structures) aspects of language. Each section contains a summarizing introduction. Section I takes up issues at the interface of linguistics and neurology: The Concept of a Mental Organ for Language; Neural Mechanisms, Aphasia, and Theories of Language; Brain-based and Non-brain-based Models of Language; Vocal Learning and Its Relation to Replaceable Synapses and Neurons. Section II presents linguistic and psycholinguistic issues: Aspects of Infant Competence and the Acquisition of Language; the Linguistic Analysis of Aphasic Syndromes; the Clinical Description of Aphasia (Linguistic Aspects); The Psycholinguistic Interpretation of Aphasias; The Organization of Processing Structure for Language Production; and The Neuropsychology of Bilingualism. Section III deals with neural issues: Where is the Speech Area and Who has Seen It? Determinants of Recovery from Aphasia; Anatomy of Language; Lessons from Comparative Anatomy; Event Related Potentials and Language; Neural Models and Very Little About Language. David Caplan, M.D. edited Biological Studies of Mental Processes(MIT Press 1980), and is a member of the editorial staff of two prestigious journals, Cognition and Brain & Behavorial Sciences, He works at the Montreal Neurological Institute. Andreacute; Roch Lecours is Professor of Neurology and Allan Smith Professor of Physiology, both at the University of Montreal. The book is in the series, Studies in Neuropsychology and Neurolinguistics.

Download or read book Information Theory and Language written by Łukasz Dębowski and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-15 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Information Theory and Language” is a collection of 12 articles that appeared recently in Entropy as part of a Special Issue of the same title. These contributions represent state-of-the-art interdisciplinary research at the interface of information theory and language studies. They concern in particular: • Applications of information theoretic concepts such as Shannon and Rényi entropies, mutual information, and rate–distortion curves to the research of natural languages; • Mathematical work in information theory inspired by natural language phenomena, such as deriving moments of subword complexity or proving continuity of mutual information; • Empirical and theoretical investigation of quantitative laws of natural language such as Zipf’s law, Herdan’s law, and Menzerath–Altmann’s law; • Empirical and theoretical investigations of statistical language models, including recently developed neural language models, their entropies, and other parameters; • Standardizing language resources for statistical investigation of natural language; • Other topics concerning semantics, syntax, and critical phenomena. Whereas the traditional divide between probabilistic and formal approaches to human language, cultivated in the disjoint scholarships of natural sciences and humanities, has been blurred in recent years, this book can contribute to pointing out potential areas of future research cross-fertilization.

Download or read book Cognitive Models of Speech Processing written by Gerry T. M. Altmann and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of papers and abstracts stems from the third meeting in the series of Sperlonga workshops on Cognitive Models of Speech Processing. It presents current research on the structure and organization of the mental lexicon, and on the processes that access that lexicon. The volume starts with discussion of issues in acquisition and consideration of questions such as, 'What is the relationship between vocabulary growth and the acquisition of syntax?', and, 'How does prosodic information, concerning the melodies and rhythms of the language, influence the processes of lexical and syntactic acquisition?'. From acquisition, the papers move on to consider the manner in which contemporary models of spoken word recognition and production can map onto neural models of the recognition and production processes. The issue of exactly what is recognised, and when, is dealt with next - the empirical findings suggest that the function of something to which a word refers is accessed with a different time-course to the form of that something. This has considerable implications for the nature, and content, of lexical representations. Equally important are the findings from the studies of disordered lexical processing, and two papers in this volume address the implications of these disorders for models of lexical representation and process (borrowing from both empirical data and computational modelling). The final paper explores whether neural networks can successfully model certain lexical phenomena that have elsewhere been assumed to require rule-based processes.

Download or read book Cognitive Models of Speech Processing written by Gerry Altmann and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2018-01-24 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of papers and abstracts stems from the third meeting in the series of Sperlonga workshops on Cognitive Models of Speech Processing. It presents current research on the structure and organization of the mental lexicon, and on the processes that access that lexicon. The volume starts with discussion of issues in acquisition and consideration of questions such as, 'What is the relationship between vocabulary growth and the acquisition of syntax?', and, 'How does prosodic information, concerning the melodies and rhythms of the language, influence the processes of lexical and syntactic acquisition?'. From acquisition, the papers move on to consider the manner in which contemporary models of spoken word recognition and production can map onto neural models of the recognition and production processes. The issue of exactly what is recognised, and when, is dealt with next - the empirical findings suggest that the function of something to which a word refers is accessed with a different time-course to the form of that something. This has considerable implications for the nature, and content, of lexical representations. Equally important are the findings from the studies of disordered lexical processing, and two papers in this volume address the implications of these disorders for models of lexical representation and process (borrowing from both empirical data and computational modelling). The final paper explores whether neural networks can successfully model certain lexical phenomena that have elsewhere been assumed to require rule-based processes.

Download or read book Neurosemantics written by Alessio Plebe and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-16 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the concept of “ Neurosemantics”, a term currently used in two different senses: the informational meaning of the physical processes in the neural circuits, and semantics in its classical sense, as the meaning of language, explained in terms of neural processes. The book explores this second sense of neurosemantics, yet in doing so, it addresses much of the first meaning as well. Divided into two parts, the book starts with a description and analysis of the mathematics of the brain, including computational units, representational mechanisms and algorithmic principles. This first part pays special attention to the neural architecture which has been used in developing models of neurosemantics. The second part of the book presents a collection of models, and describes each model reproducing specific aspects of the semantics of language. Some of these models target one of the core problems of semantics, the reference of nouns, and in particular of nouns with a strong perceptual characterization. Others address the semantics of predicates, with a detailed analysis of colour attributes. While this book represents a radical shift from traditional semantics, it still pursues a line of continuity that is based on the idea that meaning can be captured, and explained, by a sort of computation.

Download or read book Computational Models of Cognitive Processes written by Julien Mayor and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013-11-18 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational Models of Cognitive Processes collects refereed versions of papers presented at the 13th Neural Computation and Psychology Workshop (NCPW13) that took place July 2012, in San Sebastian (Spain). This workshop series is a well-established and unique forum that brings together researchers from such diverse disciplines as artificial intelligence, cognitive science, computer science, neurobiology, philosophy and psychology to discuss their latest work on models of cognitive processes. Contents:Language:Modelling Language — Vision Interactions in the Hub and Spoke Framework (A C Smith, P Monaghan and F Huettig)Modelling Letter Perception: The Effect of Supervision and Top-Down Information on Simulated Reaction Times (M Klein, S Frank, S Madec and J Grainger)Encoding Words into a Potts Attractor Network (S Pirmoradian and A Treves)Unexpected Predictability in the Hawaiian Passive (Ō Parker Jones and J Mayor)Difference Between Spoken and Written Language Based on Zipf's Law Analysis (J S Kim, C Y Lee and B T Zhang)Reading Aloud is Quicker than Reading Silently: A Study in the Japanese Language Demonstrating the Enhancement of Cognitive Processing by Action (H-F Yanai, T Konno and A Enjyoji)Development:Testing a Dynamic Neural Field Model of Children's Category Labelling (K E Twomey and J S Horst)Theoretical and Computational Limitations in Simulating 3- to 4-Month-Old Infants' Categorization Processes (M Mermillod, N Vermeulen, G Kaminsky, E Gentaz and P Bonin)Reinforcement-Modulated Self-Organization in Infant Motor Speech Learning (A S Warlaumont)A Computational Model of the Headturn Preference Procedure: Design, Challenges, and Insights (C Bergmann, L Ten Bosch and L Boves)Right Otitis Media in Early Childhood and Language Development: An ERP Study (M F Alonso, P Uclés and P Saz)High-Level Cognition:The Influence of Implementation on “Hub” Models of Semantic Cognition (O Guest, R P Cooper and E J Davelaar)Hierarchical Structure in Prefrontal Cortex Improves Performance at Abstract Tasks (R Tukker, A C Van Rossum, S Frank and W F G Haselager)Interactive Activation Networks for Modelling Problem Solving (P Monaghan, T Ormerod and U N Sio)On Observational Learning of Hierarchies in Sequential Tasks: A Dynamic Neural Field Model (E Sousa, W Erlhagen and E Bicho)Knowing When to Quit on Unlearnable Problems: Another Step Towards Autonomous Learning (T R Shultz and E Doty)A Conflict/Control-Loop Hypothesis of Hemispheric Brain Reserve Capacity (N Rendell and E J Davelaar)Action and Emotion:Modeling the Actor-Critic Architecture by Combining Recent Work in Reservoir Computing and Temporal Difference Learning in Complex Environments (J J Rodny and D C Noelle)The Conceptualisation of Emotion Qualia: Semantic Clustering of Emotional Tweets (E Y Bann and J J Bryson)A Neuro-Computational Study of Laughter (M F Alonso, P Loste, J Navarro, R Del Moral, R Lahoz-Beltra and P C Marijuán) Readership: Students and researchers in biocybernetics, neuroscience, cognitive science, psychology and artificial intelligence and those interested in neural models of psychological phenomena. Keywords:Cognitive Science;Computational Modeling;Psychology;Neural NetworksKey Features:An invaluable resource for researchers interested in neural models of psychological phenomenaEnables readers to catch up with a fast moving discipline by reading contributions that are typically published as journal articles only a couple of years laterOffers an overview of current computational models of cognitive processes in a single bookChapters are written by world-leading experts in the field

Download or read book Higher Level Language Processes in the Brain written by Franz Schmalhofer and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2007-03-05 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Higher Level Language Processes in the Brain is a groundbreaking book that explains how behavior research, computational models, and brain imaging results can be unified in the study of human comprehension. The volume illustrates the most comprehensive and newest findings on the topic. Each section of the book nurtures the theoretical and practical

Download or read book Neural Modeling of Brain and Cognitive Disorders written by James A Reggia and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1996-11-09 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last few years there has been a rapidly increasing interest in neural modeling of brain and cognitive disorders. This multidisciplinary book presents a variety of such models in neurology, neuropsychology and psychiatry. A review of work in this area is given first. Computational models are then presented of memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease, functional brain reorganization following a stroke, patterns of neural activity in epilepsy, disruption of language processes in aphasia and acquired dyslexia, altered cognitive processes in schizophrenia and depression, and related disorders. This is the first book on this topic, with contributions from many of the leading researchers in this field. Contents:Modeling Brain and Cognitive Disorders (J A Reggia et al.)Computational Studies of Synaptic Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease (E Ruppin et al.)Distributed Representations of Semantic Knowledge in the Brain: Computational Experiments Using Feature Based Codes (S L Small et al.)Connections and Disconnections: A Connectionist Account of Surface Dyslexia (K Patterson et al.)Simulation of Neurogenic Reading Disorders with a Dual-Route Connectionist Model (C S Whitney et al.)Phantom Limbs, Self-Organizing Feature Maps, and Noise-Driven Neuroplasticity (M Spitzer)Functional Versus Structural Damage in Multi-Infarct Dementia: A Computational Study (E Ruppin & J A Reggia)Minimal Biophysical Models of Oscillations and Waves in Thalamus and Hippocampus (D Colomb & J Rinzel)Modeling Cortical Disorders Using Nested Networks (J P Sutton)Modeling Dysfunction of the Prefrontal Executive System (D S Levine)Neural Networks, Cortical Connectivity and Schizophrenic Psychosis (R E Hoffman)and other papers Readership: Medical professionals, neuroscientists, cognitive scientists and neural modellers. keywords:Neural Computation;Neural Networks;Neurology;Psychiatry;Computer Model;Brain Disorders;Cognitive Disorders;Memory Disorders;Language Disorders;Mental Disorders

Download or read book Speech Language Processing written by Dan Jurafsky and published by Pearson Education India. This book was released on 2000-09 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Self Organizing Systems written by F.Eugene Yates and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technological systems become organized by commands from outside, as when human intentions lead to the building of structures or machines. But many nat ural systems become structured by their own internal processes: these are the self organizing systems, and the emergence of order within them is a complex phe nomenon that intrigues scientists from all disciplines. Unfortunately, complexity is ill-defined. Global explanatory constructs, such as cybernetics or general sys tems theory, which were intended to cope with complexity, produced instead a grandiosity that has now, mercifully, run its course and died. Most of us have become wary of proposals for an "integrated, systems approach" to complex matters; yet we must come to grips with complexity some how. Now is a good time to reexamine complex systems to determine whether or not various scientific specialties can discover common principles or properties in them. If they do, then a fresh, multidisciplinary attack on the difficulties would be a valid scientific task. Believing that complexity is a proper scientific issue, and that self-organizing systems are the foremost example, R. Tomovic, Z. Damjanovic, and I arranged a conference (August 26-September 1, 1979) in Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia, to address self-organizing systems. We invited 30 participants from seven countries. Included were biologists, geologists, physicists, chemists, mathematicians, bio physicists, and control engineers. Participants were asked not to bring manu scripts, but, rather, to present positions on an assigned topic. Any writing would be done after the conference, when the writers could benefit from their experi ences there.

Download or read book Models of the Mind written by Grace Lindsay and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2021-03-04 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The human brain is made up of 85 billion neurons, which are connected by over 100 trillion synapses. For more than a century, a diverse array of researchers searched for a language that could be used to capture the essence of what these neurons do and how they communicate – and how those communications create thoughts, perceptions and actions. The language they were looking for was mathematics, and we would not be able to understand the brain as we do today without it. In Models of the Mind, author and computational neuroscientist Grace Lindsay explains how mathematical models have allowed scientists to understand and describe many of the brain's processes, including decision-making, sensory processing, quantifying memory, and more. She introduces readers to the most important concepts in modern neuroscience, and highlights the tensions that arise when the abstract world of mathematical modelling collides with the messy details of biology. Each chapter of Models of the Mind focuses on mathematical tools that have been applied in a particular area of neuroscience, progressing from the simplest building block of the brain – the individual neuron – through to circuits of interacting neurons, whole brain areas and even the behaviours that brains command. In addition, Grace examines the history of the field, starting with experiments done on frog legs in the late eighteenth century and building to the large models of artificial neural networks that form the basis of modern artificial intelligence. Throughout, she reveals the value of using the elegant language of mathematics to describe the machinery of neuroscience.

Download or read book Neurolinguistics and Linguistic Aphasiology written by David Caplan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1987-08-20 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive introduction to the emerging fields of neurolinguistics and linguistic aphasiology stresses concepts from the contributing disciplines of neurology, linguistics, psychology and speech.

Download or read book Introduction to Neurolinguistics written by Elisabeth Ahlsén and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This introduction to neurolinguistics is intended for anybody who wants to acquire a grounding in the field. It was written for students of linguistics and communication disorders, but students of psychology, neuroscience and other disciplines will also find it valuable. The introductory section presents the theories, models and frameworks underlying modern neurolinguistics. Then the neurolinguistic aspects of different components of language – phonology, morphology, lexical semantics, and semantics-pragmatics in communication – are discussed. The third section examines reading and writing, bilingualism, the evolution of language, and multimodality. The book also contains three resource chapters, one on techniques for investigating the brain, another on modeling brain functions, and a third that introduces the basic concepts of neuroanatomy and neurophysiology. This text provides an up-to-date linguistic perspective, with a special focus on semantics and pragmatics, evolutionary perspectives, neural network modeling and multimodality, areas that have been less central in earlier introductory works.

Download or read book Neural Network Methods for Natural Language Processing written by Yoav Goldberg and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neural networks are a family of powerful machine learning models. This book focuses on the application of neural network models to natural language data. The first half of the book (Parts I and II) covers the basics of supervised machine learning and feed-forward neural networks, the basics of working with machine learning over language data, and the use of vector-based rather than symbolic representations for words. It also covers the computation-graph abstraction, which allows to easily define and train arbitrary neural networks, and is the basis behind the design of contemporary neural network software libraries. The second part of the book (Parts III and IV) introduces more specialized neural network architectures, including 1D convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, conditioned-generation models, and attention-based models. These architectures and techniques are the driving force behind state-of-the-art algorithms for machine translation, syntactic parsing, and many other applications. Finally, we also discuss tree-shaped networks, structured prediction, and the prospects of multi-task learning.

Download or read book Neural Network Methods in Natural Language Processing written by Yoav Goldberg and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2017-04-17 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neural networks are a family of powerful machine learning models and this book focuses on their application to natural language data. The first half of the book (Parts I and II) covers the basics of supervised machine learning and feed-forward neural networks, the basics of working with machine learning over language data, and the use of vector-based rather than symbolic representations for words. It also covers the computation-graph abstraction, which allows to easily define and train arbitrary neural networks, and is the basis behind the design of contemporary neural network software libraries. The second part of the book (Parts III and IV) introduces more specialized neural network architectures, including 1D convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, conditioned-generation models, and attention-based models. These architectures and techniques are the driving force behind state-of-the-art algorithms for machine translation, syntactic parsing, and many other applications. Finally, we also discuss tree-shaped networks, structured prediction, and the prospects of multi-task learning.

Download or read book Neural Mechanisms of Language written by Maria Mody and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-24 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important volume brings together significant findings on the neural bases of spoken language –its processing, use, and organization, including its phylogenetic roots. Employing a potent mix of conceptual and neuroimaging-based approaches, contributors delve deeply into specialized structures of the speech system, locating sensory and cognitive mechanisms involved in listening and comprehension, grasping meanings and storing memories. The novel perspectives revise familiar models by tracing linguistic interactions within and between neural systems, homing in on the brain’s semantic network, exploring the neuroscience behind bilingualism and multilingual fluency, and even making a compelling case for a more nuanced participation of the motor system in speech. From these advances, readers have a more three-dimensional picture of the brain—its functional epicenters, its connections, and the whole—as the seat of language in both wellness and disorders. Included in the topics: · The interaction between storage and computation in morphosyntactic processing. · The role of language in structure-dependent cognition. · Multisensory integration in speech processing: neural mechanisms of cross-modal after-effect. · A neurocognitive view of the bilingual brain. · Causal modeling: methods and their application to speech and language. · A word in the hand: the gestural origins of language. Neural Mechanisms of Language presents a sophisticated mix of detail and creative approaches to understanding brain structure and function, giving neuropsychologists, cognitive neuroscientists, developmental psychologists, cognitive psychologists, and speech/language pathologists new windows onto the research shaping their respective fields.