Download or read book Neural Encoding of Natural Sounds in the Auditory System written by Anne Showen Hsu and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Auditory Neuroscience written by Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-05 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Auditory System and Human Sound Localization Behavior written by John van Opstal and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-03-29 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Auditory System and Human Sound-Localization Behavior provides a comprehensive account of the full action-perception cycle underlying spatial hearing. It highlights the interesting properties of the auditory system, such as its organization in azimuth and elevation coordinates. Readers will appreciate that sound localization is inherently a neuro-computational process (it needs to process on implicit and independent acoustic cues). The localization problem of which sound location gave rise to a particular sensory acoustic input cannot be uniquely solved, and therefore requires some clever strategies to cope with everyday situations. The reader is guided through the full interdisciplinary repertoire of the natural sciences: not only neurobiology, but also physics and mathematics, and current theories on sensorimotor integration (e.g. Bayesian approaches to deal with uncertain information) and neural encoding. - Quantitative, model-driven approaches to the full action-perception cycle of sound-localization behavior and eye-head gaze control - Comprehensive introduction to acoustics, systems analysis, computational models, and neurophysiology of the auditory system - Full account of gaze-control paradigms that probe the acoustic action-perception cycle, including multisensory integration, auditory plasticity, and hearing impaired
Download or read book Neural Coding and Models for Natural Sounds Recognition Effects of Temporal and Spectral Features written by Seyedeh Fatemeh Khatami Firoozabadi and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mammalian brain is able to recognize natural sounds in the presence of acoustic uncertainties such as background noise. A prevailing theory of neural coding suggest that neural systems are optimized for natural environment signals and sensory inputs that are biologically relevant. The optimal coding hypothesis thus suggests that neural populations should encode sensory information so as to maximize efficient utilization of environmental inputs. In the first part of my thesis, I will explore the origins of scale invariance phenomena which has been previously described for natural sounds and has been observed in a variety of natural sensory signals including natural scenes. In the second part, I will explore the ability of the brain to utilize high-level statistical regularities in natural sounds to perform sound identification tasks. Using a catalog of natural sounds, texture synthesis procedures to manipulate sounds statistics from various sound categories, and neural recordings from the auditory midbrain of awake rabbits, I will show that neural population response statistics can be used to identify discrete sound categories. In the last part of the thesis, I will explore the role of hierarchical organization in the auditory pathway for sound recognition and optimal coding in the presence of challenging background noise. Using neural responses from auditory nerve, midbrain, and auditory cortex, I developed optimal computational neural network model for word recognition in presence of speech babble noise. I demonstrate that the optimal computational strategy for word recognition in noise predicts various transformations performed by the ascending auditory pathway, including a sequential loss of temporal and spectral resolution, increasing sparseness and selectivity.
Download or read book The Human Auditory Cortex written by David Poeppel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-04-12 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We live in a complex and dynamically changing acoustic environment. To this end, the auditory cortex of humans has developed the ability to process a remarkable amount of diverse acoustic information with apparent ease. In fact, a phylogenetic comparison of auditory systems reveals that human auditory association cortex in particular has undergone extensive changes relative to that of other species, although our knowledge of this remains incomplete. In contrast to other senses, human auditory cortex receives input that is highly pre-processed in a number of sub-cortical structures; this suggests that even primary auditory cortex already performs quite complex analyses. At the same time, much of the functional role of the various sub-areas in human auditory cortex is still relatively unknown, and a more sophisticated understanding is only now emerging through the use of contemporary electrophysiological and neuroimaging techniques. The integration of results across the various techniques signify a new era in our knowledge of how human auditory cortex forms basis for auditory experience. This volume on human auditory cortex will have two major parts. In Part A, the principal methodologies currently used to investigate human auditory cortex will be discussed. Each chapter will first outline how the methodology is used in auditory neuroscience, highlighting the challenges of obtaining data from human auditory cortex; second, each methods chapter will provide two or (at most) three brief examples of how it has been used to generate a major result about auditory processing. In Part B, the central questions for auditory processing in human auditory cortex are covered. Each chapter can draw on all the methods introduced in Part A but will focus on a major computational challenge the system has to solve. This volume will constitute an important contemporary reference work on human auditory cortex. Arguably, this will be the first and most focused book on this critical neurological structure. The combination of different methodological and experimental approaches as well as a diverse range of aspects of human auditory perception ensures that this volume will inspire novel insights and spurn future research.
Download or read book Modelling the Neural Coding of Natural Sounds in the Auditory Cortex written by Monzilur Rahman and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neural Correlates of Auditory Cognition written by Yale E. Cohen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-20 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hearing and communication present a variety of challenges to the nervous system. To be heard and understood, a communication signal must be transformed from a time-varying acoustic waveform to a perceptual representation to an even more abstract representation that integrates memory stores with semantic/referential information. Finally, this complex, abstract representation must be interpreted to form categorical decisions that guide behavior. Did I hear the stimulus? From where and whom did it come? What does it tell me? How can I use this information to plan an action? All of these issues and questions underlie auditory cognition. Since the early 1990s, there has been a re-birth of studies that test the neural correlates of auditory cognition with a unique emphasis on the use of awake, behaving animals as model. Continuing today, how and where in the brain neural correlates of auditory cognition are formed is an intensive and active area of research. Importantly, our understanding of the role that the cortex plays in hearing has the potential to impact the next generation of cochlear- and brainstem-auditory implants and consequently help those with hearing impairments. Thus, it is timely to produce a volume that brings together this exciting literature on the neural correlates of auditory cognition. This volume compliments and extends many recent SHAR volumes such as Sound Source Localization (2005) Auditory Perception of Sound Sources (2007), and Human Auditory Cortex (2010). For example, in many of these volumes, similar issues are discussed such as auditory-object identification and perception with different emphases: in Auditory Perception of Sound Sources, authors discuss the underlying psychophysics/behavior, whereas in the Human Auditory Cortex, fMRI data are presented. The unique contribution of the proposed volume is that the authors will integrate both of these factors to highlight the neural correlates of cognition/behavior. Moreover, unlike other these other volumes, the neurophysiological data will emphasize the exquisite spatial and temporal resolution of single-neuron [as opposed to more coarse fMRI or MEG data] responses in order to reveal the elegant representations and computations used by the nervous system.
Download or read book Nonlinear Encoding of Sounds in the Auditory Cortex written by Alexandre Kempf and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perceptual objects are the elementary units used by the brain to construct an inner world representation of the environment from multiple physical sources, like light or sound waves. While the physical signals are first encoded by receptors in peripheral organs into neuroelectric signals, the emergence of perceptual object require extensive processing in the central nervous system which is not yet fully characterized. Interestingly, recent advances in deep learning shows that implementing series of nonlinear and linear operations is a very efficient way to create models that categorize visual and auditory perceptual objects similarly to humans. In contrast, most of the current knowledge about the auditory system concentrates on linear transformations. In order to establish a clear example of the contribution of auditory system nonlinearities to perception, we studied the encoding of sounds with an increasing intensity (up ramps) and a decreasing intensity (down ramps) in the mouse auditory cortex. Two behavioral tasks showed evidence that these two sounds are perceived with unequal salience despite carrying the same physical energy and spectral content, a phenomenon incompatible with linear processing. Recording the activity of large cortical populations for up- and down-ramping sounds, we found that cortex encodes them into distinct sets of non-linear features, and that asymmetric feature selection explained the perceptual asymmetry. To complement these results, we also showed that, in reinforcement learning models, the amount of neural activity triggered by a stimulus (e.g. a sound) impacts learning speed and strategy. Interestingly very similar effects were observed in sound discrimination behavior and could be explain by the amount of cortical activity triggered by the discriminated sounds. This altogether establishes that auditory system nonlinearities have an impact on perception and behavior. To more extensively identify the nonlinearities that influence sounds encoding, we then recorded the activity of around 60,000 neurons sampling the entire horizontal extent of auditory cortex. Beyond the fine scale tonotopic organization uncovered with this dataset, we identified and quantified 7 nonlinearities. We found interestingly that different nonlinearities can interact with each other in a non-trivial manner. The knowledge of these interactions carry good promises to refine auditory processing model. Finally, we wondered if the nonlinear processes are also important for multisensory integration. We measured how visual inputs and sounds combine in the visual and auditory cortex using calcium imaging in mice. We found no modulation of supragranular auditory cortex in response to visual stimuli, as observed in previous others studies. We observed that auditory cortex inputs to visual cortex affect visual responses concomitant to a sound. Interestingly, we found that auditory cortex projections to visual cortex preferentially channel activity from neurons encoding a particular non-linear feature: the loud onset of sudden sounds. As a result, visual cortex activity for an image combined with a loud sound is higher than for the image alone or combine with a quiet sound. Moreover, this boosting effect is highly nonlinear. This result suggests that loud sound onsets are behaviorally relevant in the visual system, possibly to indicate the presence of a new perceptual objects in the visual field, which could represent potential threats. As a conclusion, our results show that nonlinearities are ubiquitous in sound processing by the brain and also play a role in the integration of auditory information with visual information. In addition, it is not only crucial to account for these nonlinearities to understand how perceptual representations are formed but also to predict how these representations impact behavior.
Download or read book The Neural Code of Pitch and Harmony written by Gerald D. Langner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-23 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Harmony is an integral part of our auditory environment. Resonances characterised by harmonic frequency relationships are found throughout the natural world and harmonic sounds are essential elements of speech, communication and, of course, music. Providing neurophysiological data and theories that are suitable to explain the neural code of pitch and harmony, the author demonstrates that musical pitch is a temporal phenomenon and musical harmony is a mathematical necessity based on neuronal mechanisms. Moreover, he offers new evidence for the role of an auditory time constant for speech and music perception as well as for similar neuronal processing mechanisms of auditory and brain waves. Successfully relating current neurophysiological results to the ancient ideas of Pythagoras, this unique title will appeal to specialists in the fields of neurophysiology, neuroacoustics, linguistics, behavioural biology and musicology as well as to a broader audience interested in the neural basis of music perception.
Download or read book Auditory Neuroscience written by Jan Schnupp and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2012-08-17 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An integrated overview of hearing and the interplay of physical, biological, and psychological processes underlying it. Every time we listen—to speech, to music, to footsteps approaching or retreating—our auditory perception is the result of a long chain of diverse and intricate processes that unfold within the source of the sound itself, in the air, in our ears, and, most of all, in our brains. Hearing is an "everyday miracle" that, despite its staggering complexity, seems effortless. This book offers an integrated account of hearing in terms of the neural processes that take place in different parts of the auditory system. Because hearing results from the interplay of so many physical, biological, and psychological processes, the book pulls together the different aspects of hearing—including acoustics, the mathematics of signal processing, the physiology of the ear and central auditory pathways, psychoacoustics, speech, and music—into a coherent whole.
Download or read book The Auditory System at the Cocktail Party written by John C. Middlebrooks and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-21 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Auditory System at the Cocktail Party is a rather whimsical title that points to the very serious challenge faced by listeners in most everyday environments: how to hear out sounds of interest amid a cacophony of competing sounds. The volume presents the mechanisms for bottom-up object formation and top-down object selection that the auditory system employs to meet that challenge. Ear and Brain Mechanisms for Parsing the Auditory Scene by John C. Middlebrooks and Jonathan Z. Simon Auditory Object Formation and Selection by Barbara Shinn-Cunningham, Virginia Best, and Adrian K. C. Lee Energetic Masking and Masking Release by John F. Culling and Michael A. Stone Informational Masking in Speech Recognition by Gerald Kidd, Jr. and H. Steven Colburn Modeling the Cocktail Party Problem by Mounya Elhilali Spatial Stream Segregation by John C. Middlebrooks Human Auditory Neuroscience and the Cocktail Party Problem by Jonathan Z. Simon Infants and Children at the Cocktail Party by Lynne Werner Older Adults at the Cocktail Party by M. Kathleen Pichora-Fuller, Claude Alain, and Bruce A. Schneider Hearing with Cochlear Implants and Hearing Aids in Complex Auditory Scenes by Ruth Y. Litovsky, Matthew J. Goupell, Sara M. Misurelli, and Alan Kan About the Editors: John C. Middlebrooks is a Professor in the Department of Otolaryngology at the University of California, Irvine, with affiliate appointments in the Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, the Department of Cognitive Sciences, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering. Jonathan Z. Simon is a Professor at the University of Maryland, College Park, with joint appointments in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, the Department of Biology, and the Institute for Systems Research. Arthur N. Popper is Professor Emeritus and Research Professor in the Department of Biology at the University of Maryland, College Park. Richard R. Fay is Distinguished Research Professor of Psychology at Loyola University, Chicago. About the Series: The Springer Handbook of Auditory Research presents a series of synthetic reviews of fundamental topics dealing with auditory systems. Each volume is independent and authoritative; taken as a set, this series is the definitive resource in the field.
Download or read book The Auditory Cortex written by Jeffery A. Winer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-02 with total page 711 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been substantial progress in understanding the contributions of the auditory forebrain to hearing, sound localization, communication, emotive behavior, and cognition. The Auditory Cortex covers the latest knowledge about the auditory forebrain, including the auditory cortex as well as the medial geniculate body in the thalamus. This book will cover all important aspects of the auditory forebrain organization and function, integrating the auditory thalamus and cortex into a smooth, coherent whole. Volume One covers basic auditory neuroscience. It complements The Auditory Cortex, Volume 2: Integrative Neuroscience, which takes a more applied/clinical perspective.
Download or read book The Inferior Colliculus written by Jeffery A. Winer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-05 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Connecting the auditory brain stem to sensory, motor, and limbic systems, the inferior colliculus is a critical midbrain station for auditory processing. Winer and Schreiner's The Inferior Colliculus, a critical, comprehensive reference, presents the current knowledge of the inferior colliculus from a variety of perspectives, including anatomical, physiological, developmental, neurochemical, biophysical, neuroethological and clinical vantage points. Written by leading researchers in the field, the book is an ideal introduction to the inferior colliculus and central auditory processing for clinicians, otolaryngologists, graduate and postgraduate research workers in the auditory and other sensory-motor systems.
Download or read book Neural Information Processing in the Peripheral Auditory System of the Guinea Pig written by George R. Hanna and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A number of first and second order neurons of the guinea pig auditory system were studied extensively in an attempt to determine the method by which information is conveyed. Single neuron electrophysiological techniques with anatomical controls were used in the study and in response to several different stimuli, various response patterns were observed. Statistical methods of analysis, using a digital computer, were employed. Each fiber in the auditory nerve appears to convey only fragmentary information; therefore, the information carried by a number of fibers is required to extract all the information about a single signal. The data suggest that a pulse density modulation system of encoding is used, in which the 'carrier' appears to be the irregular spontaneous background activity, the pulse density of which is actively increased and decreased to convey information about both pitch and loudness. The system appears to be much more sensitive to sound changes than to absolute values. For example, pulse density correlated far better with rate-of-change of stimulus intensity than with absolute levels of intensity. In addition to frequency and amplitude, the interval between successive stimuli may be an important parameter of stimulation.
Download or read book Experience Dependent Changes in the Auditory Cortical Representation of Natural Sounds written by Frank Lin and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vocal communication sounds are an important class of signals due to their role in social interaction, reproduction, and survival. The higher-order mechanisms by which our auditory system detects and discriminates these sounds to generate perception is still poorly understood. The auditory cortex is thought to play an important role in this process, and our current work provides new evidence that the auditory cortex changes its neural representation of sounds that are acquired in natural social contexts. We use a mouse ultrasonic communication system between pups and adult females to elucidate this. We record single neurons in the auditory cortex of awake mice, and assess the cortical differences between animals that either do (mothers) or do not (naïve virgins) recognize the pup ultrasounds as behaviorally relevant. We then evaluate the role that pup experience and the maternal physiological state play in this cortical plasticity. Finally, we develop a model to predict the responses to pup vocalizations as a way to segregate the diversity of cortical neuronal responses in the hope of more clearly assessing their roles in processing acoustic features. Our results demonstrate the detailed nature by which the core auditory cortex processes natural vocalizations, showing how it changes to represent behavioral relevance.
Download or read book Temporal Processing in Primate Auditory Cortex written by Daniel Bendor and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2011-03 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A cornerstone of the human auditory system is its ability to recognize and appreciate music and speech. At its most basic level, music is made up of melodies and rhythms, which are the relative changes in pitch and temporal rates, respectively, for a series of musical notes. Speech is also composed of sequences of different pitches and temporal rates, however pitch changes carry prosody information (for non-tonal languages), while semantic information in contained in the temporal rate. How is an acoustic signal's temporal rate and pitch encoded in the auditory system? For my dissertation, I have investigated the neural coding of a sound's temporal properties by single neurons in the auditory cortex of the marmoset.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Auditory Science The Auditory Brain written by David R. Moore and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2010-01-21 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 1: The Ear (edited by Paul Fuchs) Volume 2: The Auditory Brain (edited by Alan Palmer and Adrian Rees) Volume 3: Hearing (edited by Chris Plack) Auditory science is one of the fastest growing areas of biomedical research. There are now around 10,000 researchers in auditory science, and ten times that number working in allied professions. This growth is attributable to several major developments: Research on the inner ear has shown that elaborate systems of mechanical, transduction and neural processes serve to improve sensitivity, sharpen frequency tuning, and modulate response of the ear to sound. Most recently, the molecular machinery underlying these phenomena has been explored and described in detail. The development, maintenance, and repair of the ear are also subjects of contemporary interest at the molecular level, as is the genetics of hearing disorders due to cochlear malfunctions.
