Download or read book Neural Correlates of Speech Perception and Speech Production in Adults who Do and Do Not Stutter written by Tali Halag-Milo and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Neural Correlates of Auditory Processing in Adults and Children who Stutter written by Deryk Scott Beal and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is comprised of four studies investigating the hypothesis that adults and children who stutter differ from their same-age fluent peers in the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology underlying auditory speech processing. It has been consistently reported that adults who stutter demonstrate unique functional neural activation patterns during speech production, including reduced auditory activation, relative to nonstutterers. The extent to which these functional differences are accompanied by abnormal morphology of the brain in stutterers is unclear. The first study in this dissertation examined the neuroanatomical differences in speech-related cortex between adults who do and do not stutter using magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry analyses. Adults who stutter were found to have localized grey matter volume increases in auditory and motor speech related cortex. The second study extended this line of research to children who stutter, who were found to have localized grey matter volume decreases in motor speech related cortex. Together, these studies suggest an abnormal trajectory of regional grey matter development in motor speech cortex of people who stutter. The last two studies investigated the mechanism underlying the repeated findings of reduced auditory activation during speech in people who stutter in more detail. Magnetoencephalography was used to investigate the hypothesis that people who stutter have increased speech induced suppression of early evoked auditory responses. Adults and children who stutter demonstrated typical levels of speech induced suppression relative to fluent peers. However, adults and children who stutter showed differences from peers in the timing of cortical auditory responses. Taken together, the studies demonstrate structural and functional abnormalities in brain regions related to auditory processing and point to the possibility that people who stutter have difficulty forming the neural representations of speech sounds necessary for fluent speech production.
Download or read book The Neural Correlates of Auditory Processing in Adults and Children who Stutter written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is comprised of four studies investigating the hypothesis that adults and children who stutter differ from their same-age fluent peers in the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology underlying auditory speech processing. It has been consistently reported that adults who stutter demonstrate unique functional neural activation patterns during speech production, including reduced auditory activation, relative to nonstutterers. The extent to which these functional differences are accompanied by abnormal morphology of the brain in stutterers is unclear. The first study in this dissertation examined the neuroanatomical differences in speech-related cortex between adults who do and do not stutter using magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry analyses. Adults who stutter were found to have localized grey matter volume increases in auditory and motor speech related cortex. The second study extended this line of research to children who stutter, who were found to have localized grey matter volume decreases in motor speech related cortex. Together, these studies suggest an abnormal trajectory of regional grey matter development in motor speech cortex of people who stutter. The last two studies investigated the mechanism underlying the repeated findings of reduced auditory activation during speech in people who stutter in more detail. Magnetoencephalography was used to investigate the hypothesis that people who stutter have increased speech induced suppression of early evoked auditory responses. Adults and children who stutter demonstrated typical levels of speech induced suppression relative to fluent peers. However, adults and children who stutter showed differences from peers in the timing of cortical auditory responses. Taken together, the studies demonstrate structural and functional abnormalities in brain regions related to auditory processing and point to the possibility that people who stutter have difficulty forming the neural representations.
Download or read book New perspectives on the role of sensory feedback in speech production written by John Houde and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-06-05 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Cognitive and Neural Organisation of Speech Processing written by Patti Adank and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-03-18 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speech production and perception are two of the most complex actions humans perform. The processing of speech is studied across various fields and using a wide variety of research approaches. These fields include, but are not limited to, (socio)linguistics, phonetics, cognitive psychology, neurophysiology, and cognitive neuroscience. Research approaches range from behavioural studies to neuroimaging techniques such as Magnetoencephalography, electroencephalography (MEG/EEG) and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), as well as neurophysiological approaches, such as the recording of Motor Evoked Potentials (MEPs), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). Each of these approaches provides valuable information about specific aspects of speech processing. Behavioural testing can inform about the nature of the cognitive processes involved in speech processing, neuroimaging methods show where (fMRI and MEG) in the brain these processes take place and/or elucidate on the time-course of activation of these brain areas (EEG and MEG), while neurophysiological methods (MEPs and TMS) can assess critical involvement of brain regions in the cognitive process. Yet, what is currently unclear is how speech researchers can combine methods such that a convergent approach adds to theory/model formulation, above and beyond the contribution of individual component methods? We expect that such combinations of approaches will significantly forward theoretical development in the field. The present research topic comprise a collection of manuscripts discussing the cognitive and neural organisation of speech processing, including speech production and perception at the level of individual speech sounds, syllables, words, and sentences. Our goal was to use findings from a variety of disciplines, perspectives, and approaches to gain a more complete picture of the organisation of speech processing. The contributions are grouped around the following five main themes: 1) Spoken language comprehension under difficult listening conditions; 2) Sub-lexical processing; 3) Sensorimotor processing of speech; 4) Speech production. The contributions used a variety of research approaches, including behavioural experiments, fMRI, EEG, MEG, and TMS. Twelve of the 14 contributions were on speech perception processing, and the remaining two examined speech production. This Research Topic thus displays a wide variety of topics and research methods and this comprehensive approach allows an integrative understanding of currently available evidence as well as the identification of concrete venues for future research.
Download or read book Neural Correlates of Quality Perception for Complex Speech Signals written by Jan-Niklas Antons and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-02-11 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book interconnects two essential disciplines to study the perception of speech: Neuroscience and Quality of Experience, which to date have rarely been used together for the purposes of research on speech quality perception. In five key experiments, the book demonstrates the application of standard clinical methods in neurophysiology on the one hand and of methods used in fields of research concerned with speech quality perception on the other. Using this combination, the book shows that speech stimuli with different lengths and different quality impairments are accompanied by physiological reactions related to quality variations, e.g., a positive peak in an event-related potential. Furthermore, it demonstrates that – in most cases – quality impairment intensity has an impact on the intensity of physiological reactions.
Download or read book Inner Speech written by Peter Langland-Hassan and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inner Speech focuses on a familiar and yet mysterious element of our daily lives. In light of renewed interest in the general connections between thought, language, and consciousness, this anthology develops a number of important new theories about internal voices and raises questions about their nature and cognitive functions.
Download or read book Speech and Language Editor s Pick 2021 written by Arthur M. Jacobs and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-08-05 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neural Correlates of Native language Speech Perception and Non native Speech Sound Learning written by Pamela Fuhrmeister and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many studies of non-native speech sound learning report a great deal of individual variability; some learners master the sounds of a second language with ease, while others struggle to perceive and produce sounds, even after years of learning the language. Although some contributions of phonological, auditory, or cognitive skills have been found to predict non-native speech sound learning ability as measured by laboratory tasks, the field lacks a comprehensive understanding of where these differences originate from. Recent findings, however, suggest that individual differences in sleep duration may predict learning after a period of offline consolidation, though these findings are mixed. Another issue is that the large amount of individual variability seen in studies of non-native learning makes it difficult to obtain precise estimates of effect sizes. Therefore, the first aim of this dissertation was to replicate and extend recent behavioral and neuroimaging findings in non-native speech sound learning with a larger sample size than is typical. The second goal was to test a new question, namely, that how consistently and categorically listeners perceive native-language sounds will predict success on non-native speech sound learning tasks. Finally, we sought to establish whether measures of brain structure can predict how categorically listeners perceive sounds in the native language and how consistently they respond to those sounds. We did not replicate recent findings showing behavioral improvement after sleep on non-native speech sound learning tasks, nor did we replicate the finding that sleep duration predicts overnight improvement. However, gyrification of the bilateral transverse temporal gyri and hippocampal volume predicted an individual's overnight improvement, suggesting a role for memory consolidation, even though we did not see overnight improvement at the group level. We additionally did not find that individual differences in categorical perception predicted non-native speech sound learning, which presents a challenge for some predominant theories of non-native speech sound learning, which future research will have to address. Overall, learners with reduced surface area and volume in frontal regions showed more graded and consistent perception of native-language speech sounds, supporting the notion that these regions underlie categorical perception.
Download or read book RELATIONSHIPS AMONG INDIVIDUAL written by Jinghua Ou and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Relationships Among Individual Differences in Speech Perception, Speech Production, and Cognitive Functions: a Case Study of Cantonese Tone Merger" by Jinghua, Ou, 歐靜樺, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Studies of speech processing have generally made the implicit assumption that typically developed speakers can distinguish all sounds of their mother tongue in perception and production. As such, individual differences in speech processing is usually studied with speakers differing in training/experience (Strait & Kraus, 2011), or populations with developmental disorders (Facoetti et al., 2010), and few investigations have been conducted without the effects from training/experience among typically-developed individuals. However, sociolinguists have long recognized that native speakers vary in their ability to discriminate speech sounds in their language, and enormous variability exists especially during a sound change in progress. Taking the opportunity of an on-going tone merging in Hong Kong Cantonese, this thesis aims to systematically investigate individual differences of native speech perception, production, and their relationships with cognitive functions among typically-developed speakers. Three participant groups were recruited, who presented respectively the pattern of good perception and good production of all Cantonese tones []Per+Pro], that of good perception of all tones but poor production of specifically the T2/T5 distinction []Per-Pro], and that of poor perception and production of specifically the T2/T5 distinction [-Per-Pro]. Behavioral and neural measures of tone perception included reaction time, discrimination sensitivity index, and components of event-related potentials (ERPs) - the mismatch negativity (MMN), P3a, and rise time of amplitude envelope. Acoustic measurements were used to evaluate tone production in terms of both pitch and amplitude rise time. Components of attention and working memory in auditory and visual modalities are assessed with published cognitive test batteries. The results show that, apart from the expected differences in accuracy and discrimination sensitivity of tone perception, both []Per-Pro] and [-Per-Pro] took significantly longer to discriminate between tones than []Per+Pro]. As for the performance in production, besides the differences in pitch offset, both []Per-Pro] and [-Per-Pro] showed decreased differentiation in rise time between the two rising tones in production, compared with []Per+Pro].With respect to the brain responses reflected in the MMN and P3a to pitch deviations among tones, [-Per-Pro] showed smaller and slower responses than one or both of the other two groups, but []Per+Pro] and []Per-Pro] did not differ from each other. However, both []Per-Pro] and [-Per-Pro] showed weaker neural responses compared with []Per+Pro] to the rise time of T5. In addition, [-Per-Pro] was poorer in tasks pertaining to the ability of attention switching/shifting regardless of modality than one or both of the other two groups, but []Per+Pro] and []Per-Pro] did not differ from each other. Further correlation and regression analyses reveal that both pitch contour/height and rise time contributed to distinctive perception and production of rising tones, measures of perception (behavioral and neural) and production were correlated with each other, and attentional shifting in visual and auditory modalities significantly predicted performances of discrimination and production. Taken together, the findings of the present study suggest that attentional switching
Download or read book Neural Correlates of Auditory Word Processing in Infants and Adults written by Katherine Elizabeth Travis and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the majority of people, words are first learned and are communicated in high proportions in the auditory modality. However, the neural dynamics underlying speech perception are poorly understood. Even more limited, is knowledge of the neurophysiological processes and neuroanatomical structures that afford developing language abilities in infants. This dissertation investigates these issues in a series of related studies that are aimed at characterizing the spatial and temporal neural dynamics of auditory word processing in both developing 12-19 month old infants and adults. The first study, performed in adults, reveals new evidence for a neural response that is selective for auditory words, relative to acoustically-matched control sounds. This response appears to index a stage in speech processing wherein an incoming word sound is translated from an acoustic signal into a linguistically relevant code. This information can then be passed along the speech processing stream so that eventually the appropriate meaning of a word can be selected amongst representations stored within associative left fronto-temporal networks. The second study, performed in both adults and 12-18 month old infants, demonstrates that the neural mechanism responsible for encoding lexico-semantic word information has similar spatial and temporal characteristics in infants and adults. Prior work has not been able to establish whether infants and adults share similar neural substrates for language, and these findings suggest that the neurophysiological processes important for word understanding reside within similar neural networks throughout the lifespan. Finally, to gain a better understanding of the regional neuroanatomical changes that take place in the developing cortex of 12-19 month old-infants, the third study examines age-related changes tissues signal properties assessed with magnetic resonance imaging. This a period in development that is pivotal for emerging linguistic, cognitive and sensorimotor behaviors, however, the maturational changes that occur brain structures are poorly understood at these ages. This study reveals large changes in structural measures within precisely the specific areas that were demonstrated to generate lexico-semantic activity in study two. Together, these studies help to advance current understanding of neurophysiological processing stages and neural structures involved in auditory word processing in both the developing and mature brain. These findings invite a host of new studies that will continue to further knowledge of how speech processing is instantiated within the brain. Finally, with the use of multimodal imaging techniques such as those described in the present studies, there is increasing potential for new research aimed at understanding the neurobiological underpinning of language and other cognitive behaviors.
Download or read book KiddyCat written by Martine Vanryckeghem and published by Plural Publishing. This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The KiddyCAT is a companion test to the Behavior Assessment Battery designed for use with children under the age of six. It enables effective assessment of the speech-associated attitude of preschool and kindergarten children. The instructions and the test items are specifically formulated at the linguistic level of this age group.
Download or read book Perception and Production of Fluent Speech written by Ronald A. Cole and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-07-28 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1980, this title looks at the mental processes involved in producing and understanding spoken language. Although there had been several edited volumes on speech in the previous ten years, this volume was unique in that it deals exclusively with perception and production of fluent speech. The chapters in this volume, contributed to by distinguished scientists from psychology, linguistics and computer science, deal with such questions as: How are ideas encoded into sound? How does a speaker plan an utterance? How are words recognized? What is the role of knowledge in speech perception? In short, how do people communicate with each other using speech?
Download or read book Neural Correlates of Speech Perception written by Nicole Scherm and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Early Childhood Stuttering for Clinicians by Clinicians written by Ehud Yairi and published by Pro-Ed. This book was released on 2005 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recovery from Stuttering written by Peter Howell and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2011-01-07 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive guide to the evidence, theories, and practical issues associated with recovery from stuttering in early childhood and into adolescence. It examines evidence that stuttering is associated with a range of biological factors — such as genetics — and psychological factors — such as anxiety — and it critically assesses theoretical accounts that attempt to integrate these findings. Written so that it can be used flexibly to meet the demands of courses about stuttering, the book may be used as a text at the undergraduate or graduate level in psychology or speech-language science.
Download or read book Speech Motor Control written by Ben Maassen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-02-25 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest theoretical developments in the area of speech motor control, offering new insights by leading scientists and clinicians into speech disorders. The scope of this book is broad, presenting research in the areas of modelling, genetics, brain imaging, behavioral experimentation, and clinical applications.
