Download or read book Neural Correlates of Inter Individual Differences in Pain Processing Investigated by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Entire Central Nervous System written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The experience of pain is a highly complex and personal experience, characterized by tremendous inter-individual variability. Pain perception can differ substantially across individuals due to many factors such as age, gender, genetics, cognition and emotionality etc. Some individuals are very sensitive to pain whereas others tolerate pain well. Athletes can play competitive sports even with significant injuries while other people feel tremendous pain while getting a flu shot. This phenomenon of inter-individual variability in pain responses has challenged scientists and clinicians alike. It is difficult to determine whether subjective reports of pain reflect true individual experiences of pain. However, the development of neuroimaging techniques has dramatically progressed our understanding of pain processing. This project investigated the neural correlates of inter-individual differences in pain responses in healthy individuals, by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the entire central nervous system. Twenty-healthy participants were asked to rate their pain following a noxious thermal stimulus, while undergoing functional MRI, and considerable inter-individual variability was observed. Results from this project demonstrated central mechanisms in the brain, brainstem and spinal cord that contribute to this variability. Participants that reported higher pain to the noxious stimulus showed greater fMRI responses in some brain, brainstem and spinal cord structures involved in processing the emotional, cognitive and motivational aspects of pain. This showed that the subjective reports of pain are a reliable indicator, and inter-individual differences in pain responses truly reflect variability in pain experience. It is expected that this knowledge will contribute to a better understanding of the neuronal processes, as well as substantial inter-individual variability observed in chronic neuropathic pain populations such as fibromyalgia, patients with spinal cord injuries etc.
Download or read book Neuroimaging of Pain written by Luca Saba and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-08 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authored by world renowned scientists, this book expertly reviews all the imaging techniques and exciting new methods for the analysis of the pain, including novel tracers, biomarker, metabolomic and gene-array profiling, together with cellular, genetic, and molecular approaches. Recent advances in human brain imaging techniques have allowed a better understand of the functional connectivity in pain pathways, as well as the functional and anatomical alterations that occur in chronic pain patients. Modern imaging techniques have permitted rapid progress in the understanding of networks in the brain related to pain processing and those related to different types of pain modulation. Neuroimaging of Pain is designed to be a valuable resource for radiologists, neuroradiologists, neurologists and neuroscientists, working in hospitals and universities from junior trainees to consultants.
Download or read book Neural Correlates of Pain in the Healthy Human Brain written by Justin Emmanuel Brown and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Across the human neuroimaging literature, there is general consensus that the primary somatosensory cortex, secondary somatosensory cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, insular cortex, and thalamus are activated during pain. Many other brain regions have been implicated in pain processing, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, primary motor cortex, and amygdala. Unfortunately, inter-study differences make it unclear which of these regions are or are not activated during pain. Furthermore, it remains unclear how the many brain regions that are activated during pain interact to distinguish stimuli that are painful from those that are not. The first study in this thesis is a meta-analysis in which we synthesizes the neuroimaging literature on pain and reveal that 14 brain regions are significantly more activated during painful than nonpainful stimulation. These 14 brain regions are the contralateral primary somatosensory cortex, contralateral primary motor cortex, contralateral anterior midcingulate cortex, contralateral supplementary motor area, ventral tegmental area, right anterior insular cortex, bilateral midinsular cortex, bilateral thalamus, bilateral secondary somatosensory cortex, and bilateral superior temporal lobe. The second and third studies in this thesis investigate two mechanisms by which neural activity in distributed brain regions might be integrated to distinguish painful from nonpainful stimulation. The second study in this thesis uses a support vector machine to distinguish painful and nonpainful stimuli based on the linear summation of neural activity across the whole brain. Using whole-brain patterns of neural activity and a support vector machine, we distinguish painful and nonpainful stimuli with 81% accuracy. These results suggest that the linear summation of activity in distributed brain regions may constitute a neural mechanism for distinguishing painful and nonpainful stimuli. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that it is possible to objectively measure pain and we discuss tasks that should be undertaken the advance this approach towards clinical use. The third study in this thesis investigates temporal correlations in neural activity as a potential mechanism of by which the brain may distinguishing painful and nonpainful stimuli. We found that the brain regions activated during pain are significantly correlated in their response to painful and nonpainful stimulation. Furthermore, we found that the brain regions activated during pain are functionally connected during rest. These results do not support the hypothesis that correlations in brain activity distinguish painful and nonpainful stimuli. Importantly however, these results demonstrate that the brain regions activated during pain comprise a resting state network, that is, they are temporally correlated at rest. Together, the studies presented here have spatially defined the distributed brain regions that are activated during pain, and suggest that these brain regions comprise a neural network in which overall activity is increased during pain.
Download or read book NEURAL CORRELATES OF COGNITIVE INHIBITION AND FACILITATION OF PAIN EXPERIENCES PAIN RELATED THOUGHT SUPPRESSION DISTRACTION AND PAIN CATASTROPHIZING written by Kerstin Konietzny and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background and aims: Recent evidence shows that dysfunctional cognitive control of pain has an important influence on pain perception. The avoidance endurance model (AEM) of Hasenbring identified different patterns on the affective and cognitive processing of pain (see Fig. 1). Both cognitive inhibition in form of pain-related thought suppression (PTS) or humor distraction (HD) and the facilitation of pain like pain catastrophizing (PC) has been shown to be an important predictor for the development of chronic pain. The neural correlates of these dysfunctional strategies are still unclear.Methods: Forty healthy participants underwent a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore distinct functional connectivity patterns corresponding to the habitual characteristics of PTS, HD and PC. We used the Avoidance-Endurance Questionnaire (AEQ) to measure PTS, HD and PC.Results: We found a significant positive correlation between the PTS and the descending pain modulatory systems, including ventrolateral periaqueductal gray. HD was associated with the FC between primary visual cortex and precentral gyrus that is involved in the processing of divided attention and distraction. In addition, we found a significant positive correlation between PC and FC between cuneus and the medial prefrontal cortex, which belong to the anterior part of the default mode network (DMN).Conclusions: These data suggest that inter-individual variability in functional connectivity may be an important neural correlate of cognitive inhibition and facilitation of pain experiences. Furthermore, our findings have potential implications for understanding PTS, HD and PC as risk factors for the development of chronic pain.
Download or read book AN INVESTIGATION OF THE NEURAL CORRELATES OF COGNITIVE MODULATION OF PAIN PERCEPTION IN THE HUMAN BRAINSTEM AND CERVICAL SPINAL CORD USING FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING written by Roxanne Leung and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neuronal Processes Underlying Spatial Summation of Heat Sensations Investigated by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Entire Central Nervous System written by Michaela Eleanor Beynon and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pain is a remarkably complex and a multifaceted process, involving the interaction between physiological and psychological factors in unique ways. Among many other factors, the size of the affected surface area contributes to the pain experience, altering one's pain perception. Spatial summation is the term used to describe this phenomenon, and is characterized by an increase in pain perception, or a decrease in pain threshold, when the affected surface area is increased. This project investigated the neuronal processes underlying spatial summation of heat sensations in healthy female volunteers, by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the central nervous system. The first study of this project involved increasing the surface area of skin stimulated by manipulating the number of thermal probes delivering thermal stimulation, which was delivered just below participants' measured pain threshold. Surface area was increased on one hand and across two hands to determine the extent of spatial summation, and furthermore, to determine the effect on neural activity in the spinal cord and brainstem. The second study of this project involved increasing the surface area of skin stimulated by a noxious heat stimulus and its effect on pain perception and corresponding neural activity in the spinal cord, brainstem, and brain. Results from this project suggest that the central mechanisms contributing to the spatial summation of heat sensations involve many of many of the brainstem and brain regions involved in processing the emotional, motivational, and cognitive aspects of pain. Therefore, increasing the surface area of stimulation may alter pain perception by influencing the affective dimension of the sensation, rather than the sensory/discriminatory component. The combination of such structures may interact in a unique way to protect the body from potential, or further damage, by increasing the perception of pain through emotional, motivational and cognitive mechanisms.
Download or read book Investigation of Neural Correlates of Bottom up and Top down Processing with Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Electroencephalogram written by Danai Dima and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BODY IMAGE AND PRESSURE PAIN THRESHOLD RESTING STATE FMRI STUDY written by Monika Hasenbring and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background and aimsRecent evidence revealed that a negative body image is associated with chronic back pain and pain perception. The body image of a person consists of their perceived physical appearance accompanied by emotions towards that appearance. However, the brain mechanisms underlying these cognitive and affective aspects of body image are still unclear. In the current study, we investigate the neural correlates of three aspects of body image (Self-acceptance, Physical efficacy, Health).Methods:24 healthy participants underwent a resting state (fMRI) to explore functional connectivity patterns corresponding to the body image aspects. Furthermore, we applied voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to identify brain regions correlated with body image aspects. Body image was assessed by the German Frankfurt Body Concept Scales [Frankfurter Ku00f6rperkonzeptskalen (FKKS)]. Pressure pain threshold (PPT) was assessed with a handheld algometer at the hand, back and leg.Results: Pain threshold was exclusively associated with the body image aspect of physical efficacy. Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between the body image aspect physical efficacy and the functional connectivity between the brain stem and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), which is involved in decisions about self-processing such as personal information. In addition, physical efficacy was negatively correlated with grey matter volume in the supplementary motor cortex (SMC). Conclusions:These data suggest that functional connectivity between brain stem and mPFC may be a neural correlate of body image. Furthermore, our findings provide functional and structural evidence for inter-individual variability and have potential implications for understanding neural mechanisms underlying body image.
Download or read book An Investigation of the Emotional Modulation of Pain Perception and Neural Processing in the Human Brainstem and Spinal Cord Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pain is an extremely subjective and complex sensory and emotional experience. It is affected by a range of factors including attention, suggestion, attitude, expectation, and affective state. The influence of emotion on pain perception and neural processing is the central focus of this thesis. Previous research has demonstrated that individuals exposed to a painful stimulus will rate that stimulus as more painful when accompanied by or associated with a negative emotional influence. Conversely, pain ratings decrease when the painful stimulus is coupled with a positive emotional influence. Although many studies have confirmed that emotional manipulations affect pain perception at a group level, there has been little exploration of the range in the effect size across individuals or the psychological characteristics that may act to mediate emotional modulation of pain. Furthermore, although there is a growing body of research exploring the neural response in the brain, no other study, to date, has used functional MRI to examine the neural response across the brainstem and spinal cord involved in emotional modulation of pain. As such, this thesis used a combination of behavioural measures and functional MRI to explore differences in the effect of emotional modulation on pain perception across individuals, along with the neural response in the brainstem and spinal cord. We observed a substantial degree of inter-subject variability for the emotional modulation of pain perception, along with significant correlations for scores on anxiety and depression questionnaires with the distinct effects for Positive and Negative emotional modulation of pain. Functional MRI results revealed an effect for emotional modulation of the neural response involved in pain processing in the ipsilateral dorsal horn of the spinal cord, along with several regions in the brainstem known to be involved in descending pain modulation. Functional connectivity of these areas was observed to vary based on the valence and arousal of the emotional stimuli. Therefore, the findings of this thesis provide novel insight into the subcortical neural network involved in emotional modulation of pain processing and the factors that influence the effect of emotions on pain perception.
Download or read book Pain Modulation written by Howard L. Fields and published by Elsevier Publishing Company. This book was released on 1988-01-01 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume represents edited material that was presented at a conference on brainstem modulation of spinal nociception held in Beaune, France during July, 1987. Pain Modulation, Volume 77 in the series Progress in Brain Research reviews, analyses and suggests new research strategies on several relevant topics including: the endogenous opioid peptides; sites of action of opiates; the role of biogenic animes and non-opioid peptides in analgesia; dorsal horn circuitry; behavioural factors in the activation of pain modulating networks and clinical studies of nociceptive modulation.
Download or read book Handbook of MRI Pulse Sequences written by Matt A. Bernstein and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-09-21 with total page 1041 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is among the most important medical imaging techniques available today. There is an installed base of approximately 15,000 MRI scanners worldwide. Each of these scanners is capable of running many different "pulse sequences", which are governed by physics and engineering principles, and implemented by software programs that control the MRI hardware. To utilize an MRI scanner to the fullest extent, a conceptual understanding of its pulse sequences is crucial. Handbook of MRI Pulse Sequences offers a complete guide that can help the scientists, engineers, clinicians, and technologists in the field of MRI understand and better employ their scanner. Explains pulse sequences, their components, and the associated image reconstruction methods commonly used in MRI Provides self-contained sections for individual techniques Can be used as a quick reference guide or as a resource for deeper study Includes both non-mathematical and mathematical descriptions Contains numerous figures, tables, references, and worked example problems
Download or read book Pain Imaging written by Kenneth Lyman Casey and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Translational Pain Research written by Lawrence Kruger and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-11-24 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the Most Rapidly Advancing Fields in Modern Neuroscience The success of molecular biology and the new tools derived from molecular genetics have revolutionized pain research and its translation to therapeutic effectiveness. Bringing together recent advances in modern neuroscience regarding genetic studies in mice and humans and the practical
Download or read book The Highly Sensitive Brain written by Bianca P. Acevedo and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-05-16 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Highly Sensitive Brain is the first handbook to cover the science, measurement, and clinical discussion of sensory processing sensitivity (SPS), a trait associated with enhanced responsivity, awareness, depth-of-processing and attunement to the environment and other individuals. Grounded in theoretical models of high sensitivity, this volume discusses the assessment of SPS in children and adults, as well as its health and social outcomes. This edition also synthesizes up-to-date research on the biological mechanisms associated with high sensitivity, such as its neural and genetic basis. It also discusses clinical issues related to SPS and seemingly-related disorders such as misophonia, a hyper-sensitivity to specific sounds. In addition, to practical assessment of SPS embedded throughout this volume is discussion of the biological basis of SPS, exploring why this trait exists and persists in humansand other species. The Highly Sensitive Brain is a useful handbook and may be of special interest to clinicians, physicians, health-care workers, educators, and researchers. Presents a neurobiological perspective of sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) Provides assessment criteria and measurement tools for highly sensitive children and adults Discusses the health and social outcomes of being highly sensitive in children and adults Examines clinical issues related to high sensitivity Offers practical applications and a future vision for integrating high sensitivity in our society
Download or read book Itch written by E. Carstens and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-02-25 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in itch research have elucidated differences between itch and pain but have also blurred the distinction between them. There is a long debate about how somatic sensations including touch, pain, itch, and temperature sensitivity are encoded by the nervous system. Research suggests that each sensory modality is processed along a fixed, direct-line communication system from the skin to the brain. Itch: Mechanisms and Treatment presents a timely update on all aspects of itch research and the clinical treatment of itch that accompanies many dermatological conditions including psoriasis, neuropathic itch, cutaneous t-cells lymphomas, and systemic diseases such as kidney and liver disease and cancer. Composed of contributions from distinguished researchers around the world, the book explores topics such as: Neuropathic itch Peripheral neuronal mechanism of itch The role of PAR-2 in neuroimmune communication and itch Mrgprs as itch receptors The role of interleukin-31 and oncostatin M in itch and neuroimmune communication Spinal coding of itch and pain Spinal microcircuits and the regulation of itch Examining new findings on cellular and molecular mechanisms, the book is a compendium of the most current research on itch, its prevalence in society, and the problems associated with treatment.
Download or read book From Conditioning to Conscious Recollection written by Howard Eichenbaum and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2004-11-18 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This cutting-edge book offers a theoretical account of the evolution of multiple memory systems of the brain. The authors conceptualize these memory systems from both behavioral and neurobiological perspectives, guided by three related principles. First, that our understanding of a wide range of memory phenomena can be advanced by breaking down memory into multiple forms with different operating characteristics. Second, that different forms of memory representation are supported by distinct brain pathways with circuitry and neural coding properties. Third, that the contributions of different brain systems can be compared and contrasted by distinguishing between dedicated (or specific) and elaborate (or general) memory systems. A primary goal of this work is to relate the neurobiological properties of dedicated and elaborate systems to their neuropsychological counterparts, and in so doing, account for the phenomenology of memory, from conditioning to conscious recollection.
Download or read book Acute Pain Management written by Raymond S. Sinatra and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-04-27 with total page 729 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides an overview of pain management useful to specialists as well as non-specialists, surgeons, and nursing staff.
