Download or read book Neural Circuits Revealed written by Mariano Soiza-Reilly and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-09-14 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deciphering anatomical and functional maps in the nervous system is a main challenge for both clinical and basic neuroscience. Modern approaches to mark and manipulate neurons are bringing us closer than ever to better understand nervous system wiring diagrams. Here we present both original research and review material on current work in this area. Together, this eBook aims to provide a comprehensive snapshot of some of the tools and technologies currently available to investigate brain wiring and function, as well as discuss ongoing challenges the field will be confronted with in the future.

Download or read book Subcritical Brain The A Synergy Of Segregated Neural Circuits In Memory Cognition And Sensorimotor Control written by Yoram Baram and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2021-05-14 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Have over a hundred years of brain research revealed all its secrets? This book is motivated by a realization that cortical structure and behavior can be explained by a synergy of seemingly different mathematical notions: global attractors, which define non-invertible neural firing rate dynamics, random graphs, which define connectivity of neural circuit, and prime numbers, which define the dimension and category of cortical operation. Quantum computation is shown to ratify the main conclusion of the book: loosely connected small neural circuits facilitate higher information storage and processing capacities than highly connected large circuits. While these essentially separate mathematical notions have not been commonly involved in the evolution of neuroscience, they are shown in this book to be strongly inter-related in the cortical arena. Furthermore, neurophysiological experiments, as well as observations of natural behavior and evidence found in medical testing of neurologically impaired patients, are shown to support, and to be supported by the mathematical findings.Related Link(s)

Download or read book Neural Circuits of Innate Behaviors written by Hao Wang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-27 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the latest research findings in the neurocircuitry of innate behaviors, covering major topics such as innate fear, aggression, feeding, reward, social interaction, parental care, spatial navigation, and sleep-wake regulation. For decades, humans have been fascinated by wild animals’ instincts, like the annual two-thousand-mile migration of the monarch butterfly in North American, and the “imprint” behavior of newborn birds. Since these instincts are always displayed in stereotypical patterns in most individuals of a given species, the neural circuits processing such behaviors must be genetically hard-wired in the brain. Recently, with the development of modern techniques, including optogenetics, retrograde and anterograde virus tracing, and in vivo calcium imaging, researchers have been able to determine and dissect the specific neural circuits for many innate behaviors by selectively manipulating well-defined cell types in the brain. This book discusses recent advances in the investigation of the neural-circuit mechanisms underlying innate behaviors.

Download or read book Frontiers in Neural Circuits Editors Pick 2021 written by Edward S. Ruthazer and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-11-16 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Neuroscience and Neurotechnology of Neuronal Cell Surface Molecules in Neural Circuits written by Masahito Yamagata and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-08-05 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Brain Theory From A Circuits And Systems Perspective written by John Robert Burger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-31 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book models an idealized neuron as being driven by basic electrical elements, the goal being to systematically characterize the logical properties of neural pulses. In order to constitute a system, neurons as pulsating devices may be represented using novel circuit elements as delineated in this book. A plausible brain system is implied by the delineated elements and logically follows from known and likely properties of a neuron. New to electrical science are novel pulse-related circuit elements involving recursive neurons. A recursive neuron, when properly excited, produces a self-sustaining pulse train that when sampled, provides a true output with a specified probability, and a false output with complementary probability. Because of its similarity to the qubits of quantum mechanics, the recursive pulsating neuron is termed a simulated qubit. Recursive neurons easily function as controlled toggle devices and so are capable of massively parallel calculations, this being a new dimension in brain functioning as described in this book. Simulated qubits and their possibilities are compared to the qubits of quantum physics. Included in the book are suggested neural circuits for associative memory search via a randomized process of cue selection, and neural circuits for priority calculations. These serve to select returns from long term memory, which in turn determines one's next conscious thought or action based on past memorized experiences. The book reports on proposals involving electron tunneling between synapses, and quantum computations within neurons. Although not a textbook, there are easy exercises at the ends of chapters, and in the appendix there are twelve simulation experiments concerning neurons. ​

Download or read book Dysfunction and Repair of Neural Circuits for Motor Control written by John Martin and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-04-21 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book From Neurons to Neighborhoods written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-11-13 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise." The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.

Download or read book Dentate Gyrus and Cochlear Nuclei Circuitry Revealed by a Genetically encoded Voltage Indicator written by Yihe Ma and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An ultimate goal of neuroscience is to understand how the nervous system encodes and processes information about environment and experience, and how neuronal activity leads to perception and behavior. Recent advances in optical approaches including optogenetics and in vivo calcium imaging allow neuroscientists to manipulate and observe neuronal circuits in detail, shedding light into this central question. Hybrid voltage sensor (hVOS), a genetically-encoded voltage indicator (GEVI), offers direct readout of membrane potentials from single cells and subcellular compartments with sub-millisecond temporal resolution, providing unique insights into neural circuits that are challenging to study via calcium imaging or electrophysiology. In my dissertation I employed hVOS imaging to unravel dentate gyrus and cochlear nuclei circuitry. We took advantage of an axonal-targeting hVOS probe to evaluate action potential (AP) dynamics in fine axons inaccessible to patch-clamping. We identified activity-dependent AP broadening in dentate granule cell (GC) axons and also for the first time in mossy cell (MC) axons, which may contribute to short term plasticity of neural circuits. Next, we used Cre-lox technology to label genetically-defined neurons with the hVOS probe. We were able to demonstrate how subpopulations of dentate GCs responded to a novel environment, and how voluntary running affected presynaptic inputs to adult-born GCs. With the same strategy we investigated MC wiring in hippocampus and provided experimental evidence that MCs may excite other MCs, a microcircuit which may be critical for dentate gyrus function. We also showed potentiation between neurons within an iso-frequency lamina in the posteroventral cochlear nucleus. In summary, this dissertation has revealed information processing in neuronal microcircuits and subcellular compartments in hippocampus and cochlear nuclei with a novel imaging method. hVOS as a GEVI enables neuroscientists to further explore how the nervous system operates at different levels from axons and dendrites to intact brain tissue.

Download or read book Brain Stimulation written by David T. Brocker and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deep brain stimulation is a remarkable therapy that has mainstreamed electrical stimulation of the brain for the treatment of neurological dysfunction. To appreciate the mechanisms of deep brain stimulation, we need to understand the excitability of neural tissue. Here, we survey the pertinent principles of electrical excitation in the brain. The amount of current delivered and the tissue conductivity together determine the strength and extent of potentials generated by stimulation. The electrode–tissue interface is an important junction where electrical charge carriers in the stimulation hardware are converted to ionic charge carriers in the tissue. Cathodic stimulation tends to depolarize neural elements more easily than anodic stimulation. The current–distance relationship describes how the amount of current needed to excite an axon increases as a function of its distance from the electrode. This relationship also depends on the axon’s diameter because large-diameter axons are excited more easily than small-diameter axons. For a given axon, the strength–duration relationship describes the inverse relationship between threshold current amplitude and pulse duration. Specific stimulation parameters must be considered to avoid stimulation-induced tissue damage. A strong foundation in these principles facilitates understanding of the complex effects of electrical stimulation in the brain.

Download or read book Neural Plasticity and Memory written by Federico Bermudez-Rattoni and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-04-17 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive, multidisciplinary review, Neural Plasticity and Memory: From Genes to Brain Imaging provides an in-depth, up-to-date analysis of the study of the neurobiology of memory. Leading specialists share their scientific experience in the field, covering a wide range of topics where molecular, genetic, behavioral, and brain imaging techniq

Download or read book Connectome written by Sebastian Seung and published by HMH. This book was released on 2012-02-07 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Accessible, witty . . . an important new researcher, philosopher and popularizer of brain science . . . on par with cosmology’s Brian Greene and the late Carl Sagan” (The Plain Dealer). One of the Wall Street Journal’s 10 Best Nonfiction Books of the Year and a Publishers Weekly “Top Ten in Science” Title Every person is unique, but science has struggled to pinpoint where, precisely, that uniqueness resides. Our genome may determine our eye color and even aspects of our character. But our friendships, failures, and passions also shape who we are. The question is: How? Sebastian Seung is at the forefront of a revolution in neuroscience. He believes that our identity lies not in our genes, but in the connections between our brain cells—our particular wiring. Seung and a dedicated group of researchers are leading the effort to map these connections, neuron by neuron, synapse by synapse. It’s a monumental effort, but if they succeed, they will uncover the basis of personality, identity, intelligence, memory, and perhaps disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. Connectome is a mind-bending adventure story offering a daring scientific and technological vision for understanding what makes us who we are, as individuals and as a species. “This is complicated stuff, and it is a testament to Dr. Seung’s remarkable clarity of exposition that the reader is swept along with his enthusiasm, as he moves from the basics of neuroscience out to the farthest regions of the hypothetical, sketching out a spectacularly illustrated giant map of the universe of man.” —TheNew York Times “An elegant primer on what’s known about how the brain is organized and how it grows, wires its neurons, perceives its environment, modifies or repairs itself, and stores information. Seung is a clear, lively writer who chooses vivid examples.” —TheWashington Post

Download or read book Frontiers in Neural Circuits and Frontiers in Neurology written by Desdemona Fricker and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-02-26 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this 2nd edition, the following article has been added: Fricker D, Beraneck M, Tagliabue M and Jeffery KJ (2020) Editorial: Coding for Spatial Orientation in Humans and Animals: Behavior, Circuits and Neurons. Front. Neural Circuits 14:619073. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2020.619073

Download or read book Emergent Properties of Neural Circuits Observation and Analysis of Functional Networks in Sensory Neocortex written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The majority of neuroscience findings in the past decades have been centered on discoveries made at the microscale, serial exploration of single neurons, their molecular components, and the correlates these cells have to learning and behavior. Advances have been made at the macroscale, the imaging of populations of thousands to millions of cells, losing the resolution of a single neuron in exchange for knowledge about how large regions of the brain respond given certain stimuli or internally generated thoughts. To date, very little has bridged these two extremes. Neuroscience has developed a great understanding of how single neurons work coupled with being able to make generalized discretizations of the brain into regions. Neurons are highly interconnected, yet details about the mesoscale, the network substrate of the brain, still remain unknown. A fundamental hypothesis in neuroscience is that information is coded by patterns of cellular activation, a result of specific connectivity. Thus, these patterns are an elementary functional unit of information processing in the brain and simultaneously reveal the underlying structure of neural circuits. Here, I apply a top down approach at understanding cortical circuits by studying this emergent network activity resulting from individual neuron interaction and then use that knowledge to infer functional circuit representations, graphs. This is achieved using a novel algorithmic software technique to observe large populations of cells at heuristically optimal speeds. Through insight gained from the application of this method to primary auditory and somatosensory barrel field neocortex a principle of neuronal scaling can be observed. Further, through study of the dynamics of primary visual cortex, properties of efficient topophysical embedding and a modular nature suggest features of cortical circuits that may give rise to networks being capable of a high dynamic range of firing patterns. Ultimately, this work provides a foundation of insight into the functional mesocircuit networks across primary sensory cortex.

Download or read book The Female Brain written by Louann Brizendine, MD and published by Harmony. This book was released on 2007-08-07 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since Dr. Brizendine wrote The Female Brain ten years ago, the response has been overwhelming. This New York Times bestseller has been translated into more than thirty languages, has sold nearly a million copies between editions, and has most recently inspired a romantic comedy starring Whitney Cummings and Sofia Vergara. And its profound scientific understanding of the nature and experience of the female brain continues to guide women as they pass through life stages, to help men better understand the girls and women in their lives, and to illuminate the delicate emotional machinery of a love relationship. Why are women more verbal than men? Why do women remember details of fights that men can’t remember at all? Why do women tend to form deeper bonds with their female friends than men do with their male counterparts? These and other questions have stumped both sexes throughout the ages. Now, pioneering neuropsychiatrist Louann Brizendine, M.D., brings together the latest findings to show how the unique structure of the female brain determines how women think, what they value, how they communicate, and who they love. While doing research as a medical student at Yale and then as a resident and faculty member at Harvard, Louann Brizendine discovered that almost all of the clinical data in existence on neurology, psychology, and neurobiology focused exclusively on males. In response to the overwhelming need for information on the female mind, Brizendine established the first clinic in the country to study and treat women’s brain function. In The Female Brain, Dr. Brizendine distills all her findings and the latest information from the scientific community in a highly accessible book that educates women about their unique brain/body/behavior. The result: women will come away from this book knowing that they have a lean, mean, communicating machine. Men will develop a serious case of brain envy.

Download or read book Neurobehavioral Genetics written by Byron C. Jones and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-08-30 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete background to concepts and principles of behavioral genetics, Neurobehavioral Genetics: Methods and Applications, Second Edition features a broad spectrum of the most current techniques in neurobehavioral genetics in a single source. International researchers incorporate several new developments in the field, including: De

Download or read book Handbook of Brain Microcircuits written by Gordon M. Shepherd and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to focus on principles, each chapter in this work is brief, organized around 1-3 wiring diagrams of the key circuits, with several pages of text that distil the functional significance of each microcircuit