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Book NET Developer s Guide to Augmented Reality in IOS

Download or read book NET Developer s Guide to Augmented Reality in IOS written by Lee Englestone and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attention .NET developers, here is your starting point for learning how to create and publish augmented reality (AR) apps for iOS devices. This book introduces and explores iOS augmented reality mobile app development specifically for .NET developers. The continued adoption and popularity of Xamarin, a tool that allows cross-platform mobile application development, opens up many app publishing opportunities to .NET developers that were never before possible, including AR development. You will use Xamarin to target Apple's augmented reality framework, ARKit, to develop augmented reality apps in the language you prefer--C#. Begin your journey with a foundational introduction to augmented reality, ARKit, Xamarin, and .NET. You will learn how this remarkable collaboration of technologies can produce fantastic experiences, many of them never before tried by .NET developers. From there you will dive into the fundamentals and then explore various topics and AR features. Throughout your learning, proof of concepts will be demonstrated to reinforce learning. After reading this book you will have the fundamentals you need, as well as an understanding of the overarching concepts that combine them. You will come away with an understanding of the wide range of augmented reality features available for developers, including the newest features included in the latest versions of ARKit. What You Will Learn: Create rich commercial and personal augmented reality mobile apps Explore the latest capabilities of ARKit Extend and customize chapter examples for building your own amazing apps Graduate from traditional 2D UI app interfaces to immersive 3D AR interfaces This book is for developers who want to learn how to use .NET and C# to create augmented reality apps for iOS devices. It is recommended that developers have some Xamarin experience and are aware of the cross-platform options available to .NET. A paid Apple developer account is not needed to experiment with the AR code samples on your devices. Lee Englestone is an innovative, hands-on software development manager and technical lead, based in Stockport, England. He has been a .NET developer for many years, writing code for Windows, web, mobile, cloud, and augmented reality applications in his spare time. He believes that there are many new exciting opportunities for developers in the area of augmented reality and is excited to share them with his fellow .NET developers. In recognition of his community contributions, he has been awarded a Microsoft MVP in Developer Technologies.

Book Beginning iOS AR Game Development

Download or read book Beginning iOS AR Game Development written by Allan Fowler and published by Apress. This book was released on 2018-11-16 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Create a fully featured application that’s both sophisticated and engaging. This book provides a detailed guide in developing augmented reality games that can take advantage of the advanced capabilities of new iOS devices and code while also offering compatibility with still supported legacy devices. No programming experience is necessary as this book begins on the ground floor with basic programming concepts in Unity and builds to incorporating input from the real world to create interactive realities. You’ll learn to program with the Unity 2017 development platform using C#. Recent announcements of increased AR capabilities on the latest iPhones and iPads show a clear dedication on Apple’s part to this emerging market of immersive games and apps. Unity 2017 is the latest version of this industry leading development platform and C# is a ubiquitous programming language perfect for any programmer to begin with. Using the latest development technologies, Beginning iOS AR Game Development will show you how to program games that interact directly with the real world environment around the user for creative fantastic augmented reality experiences. What You'll Learn Download assets from the Unity store Create a scene in Unity 2017 Use physics and controls on mobile devices Who This Book Is For Beginner programmers and/or people new to developing games using Unity. It also serves as a great introduction to developing AR games and educators teaching the subject at high school or higher levels.

Book Apple Augmented Reality by Tutorials  Second Edition

Download or read book Apple Augmented Reality by Tutorials Second Edition written by raywenderlich Tutorial Team and published by . This book was released on 2022-02-23 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn Augmented Reality!Augmented reality is going to be the next big thing - there's absolutely no doubt about it. If you want to build realistic and immersive AR experiences for the Apple platform, this book is your golden ticket.Apple Augmented Reality by Tutorials is the easiest and fastest way to get hands-on experience using Apple frameworks and technologies like Reality Composer, RealityKit, and ARKitWho This Book Is ForThis book is for beginner to intermediate iOS developers who already know the basics of Swift development and are looking to build immersive AR experiences for the Apple platform.Topics Covered in Apple AR by TutorialsAR Quick Look: Discover how to integrate AR Quick Look into your apps to give them some cool AR superpowers.Reality Composer & Reality Files: Find out how to leverage the power of Reality Composer to create interactive AR-based experiences.Reality Converter & PBR Materials: Discover how PBR materials can add a level of realism to your AR objects, and how to use Reality Converter to convert, view, customize and create USDZ content.RealityKit: Learn to set up and use RealityKit to build a face-based augmented reality app.Facial Blend Shapes: Build a fully interactive augmented reality face mask that reacts to your facial expressions using blend shapes.ARKit: Get a complete introduction to ARKit, Apple's framework for creating fully interactive augmented reality, and learn about the different types of rendering options available with ARKit.Raycasting & Physics: Learn about raycasting, 2D hit-testing and the SpriteKit physics engine as you add more features and functionality to your game.ECS & Collaborative Experiences: Build a collaborative AR experience and learn how to create and manage a multipeer connection.Object Capture: Learn how to create realistic 3D models from real-life objects with photogrammetry.After reading this book, you'll have a deep understanding of the technologies and frameworks used to create powerful, immersive AR experiences for the Apple platform.

Book Augmented Reality for Developers

Download or read book Augmented Reality for Developers written by Jonathan Linowes and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2017-10-09 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Build exciting AR applications on mobile and wearable devices with Unity 3D, Vuforia, ARToolKit, Microsoft Mixed Reality HoloLens, Apple ARKit, and Google ARCore About This Book Create unique AR applications from scratch, from beginning to end, with step-by-step tutorials Use Unity 3D to efficiently create AR apps for Android, iOS, and Windows platforms Use Vuforia, ARTookKit, Windows Mixed Reality, and Apple ARKit to build AR projects for a variety of markets Learn best practices in AR user experience, software design patterns, and 3D graphics Who This Book Is For The ideal target audience for this book is developers who have some experience in mobile development, either Android or iOS. Some broad web development experience would also be beneficial. What You Will Learn Build Augmented Reality applications through a step-by-step, tutorial-style project approach Use the Unity 3D game engine with the Vuforia AR platform, open source ARToolKit, Microsoft's Mixed Reality Toolkit, Apple ARKit, and Google ARCore, via the C# programming language Implement practical demo applications of AR including education, games, business marketing, and industrial training Employ a variety of AR recognition modes, including target images, markers, objects, and spatial mapping Target a variety of AR devices including phones, tablets, and wearable smartglasses, for Android, iOS, and Windows HoloLens Develop expertise with Unity 3D graphics, UIs, physics, and event systems Explore and utilize AR best practices and software design patterns In Detail Augmented Reality brings with it a set of challenges that are unseen and unheard of for traditional web and mobile developers. This book is your gateway to Augmented Reality development—not a theoretical showpiece for your bookshelf, but a handbook you will keep by your desk while coding and architecting your first AR app and for years to come. The book opens with an introduction to Augmented Reality, including markets, technologies, and development tools. You will begin by setting up your development machine for Android, iOS, and Windows development, learning the basics of using Unity and the Vuforia AR platform as well as the open source ARToolKit and Microsoft Mixed Reality Toolkit. You will also receive an introduction to Apple's ARKit and Google's ARCore! You will then focus on building AR applications, exploring a variety of recognition targeting methods. You will go through multiple complete projects illustrating key market sectors including business marketing, education, industrial training, and gaming. By the end of the book, you will have gained the necessary knowledge to make quality content appropriate for a range of AR devices, platforms, and intended uses. Style and approach This book adopts a practical, step-by-step, tutorial-style approach. The design principles and methodology will be explained by creating different modules of the AR app.

Book Seeing the Possibilities With Augmented Reality

Download or read book Seeing the Possibilities With Augmented Reality written by Debbie Richards and published by Association for Talent Development. This book was released on 2014-09-15 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Augmented reality is a powerful tool that can help organizations achieve learning goals, but there are also a lot of misconceptions surrounding what it really is. In “Seeing the Possibilities With Augmented Reality,” Debbie Richards clarifies these misunderstandings. Further, in this issue of TD at Work, Richards: · details what AR is, what it can do, and when it is appropriate to use · provides a step-by-step process for designing successful AR learning · introduces the ADDEDD model, which is akin to ADDIE for AR · reviews tools and applications to consider · showcases how various industries currently use AR.

Book Augmented Reality with Unity AR Foundation

Download or read book Augmented Reality with Unity AR Foundation written by Jonathan Linowes and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2021-08-16 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore the world of augmented reality development with the latest features of Unity and step-by-step tutorial-style examples with easy-to-understand explanations Key FeaturesBuild functional and interactive augmented reality applications using the Unity 3D game engineLearn to use Unity's XR and AR components, including AR Foundation and other standard Unity featuresImplement common AR application user experiences needed to build engaging applicationsBook Description Augmented reality applications allow people to interact meaningfully with the real world through digitally enhanced content. The book starts by helping you set up for AR development, installing the Unity 3D game engine, required packages, and other tools to develop for Android (ARCore) and/or iOS (ARKit) mobile devices. Then we jump right into the building and running AR scenes, learning about AR Foundation components, other Unity features, C# coding, troubleshooting, and testing. We create a framework for building AR applications that manages user interaction modes, user interface panels, and AR onboarding graphics that you will save as a template for reuse in other projects in this book. Using this framework, you will build multiple projects, starting with a virtual photo gallery that lets you place your favorite framed photos on your real-world walls, and interactively edit these virtual objects. Other projects include an educational image tracking app for exploring the solar system, and a fun selfie app to put masks and accessories on your face. The book provides practical advice and best practices that will have you up and running quickly. By the end of this AR book, you will be able to build your own AR applications, engaging your users in new and innovative ways. What you will learnDiscover Unity engine features for building AR applications and gamesGet up to speed with Unity AR Foundation components and the Unity APIBuild a variety of AR projects using best practices and important AR user experiencesUnderstand the core concepts of augmented reality technology and development for real-world projectsSet up your system for AR development and learn to improve your development workflowCreate an AR user framework with interaction modes and UI, saved as a template for new projectsWho this book is for This augmented reality book is for game developers interested in adding AR capabilities to their games and apps. The book assumes beginner-level knowledge of Unity development and C# programming, familiarity with 3D graphics, and experience in using existing AR applications. Beginner-level experience in developing mobile applications will be helpful to get the most out of this AR Unity book.

Book Beginning ARKit for iPhone and iPad

Download or read book Beginning ARKit for iPhone and iPad written by Wallace Wang and published by Apress. This book was released on 2018-11-05 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore how to use ARKit to create iOS apps and learn the basics of augmented reality while diving into ARKit specific topics. This book reveals how augmented reality allows you to view the screen on an iOS device, aim the camera at a nearby scene, and view both the real items in that scene as well as a graphic image overlaid on to that scene. You’ll start by accessing the camera and teaching your app to track the world around its device. You'll then see how to position nodes and create augmented reality shapes and textures. Next you’ll have your creations interact with their environment by programming workable physics, detecting planes, measuring distance, and applying virtual force. Finally you’ll learn how to hit test and troubleshoot your applications to ensure they interact with the real world around them seamlessly. ARKit is Apple’s software framework for creating augmented reality apps on iOS devices such as the iPhone and iPad. Unlike virtual reality that creates an entirely artificial world for the user to view and explore, Beginning ARKit for iPhone and iPad will show you how augmented reality places artificial items in an actual scene displayed by an iOS device’s camera. What You’ll Learn Access the camera Use ARKit’s hit testing for tracked geometry Apply and combine real world and virtual physics Who This Book Is For Programmers familiar with the basics of Swift programming who want to dive into developing iOS applications with Swift.

Book Mastering Augmented Reality Development with Unity

Download or read book Mastering Augmented Reality Development with Unity written by Indika Wijesooriya and published by BPB Publications. This book was released on 2023-08-11 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive guide to building augmented reality applications with Unity 3D KEY FEATURES ● Apply the fundamental principles of 3D design to create engaging and interactive augmented reality experiences. ● Learn how to use Unity to work with a variety of AR frameworks and tools. ● Gain the competitive edge by learning how to use APIs to build cutting-edge AR applications. DESCRIPTION “Mastering Augmented Reality Development with Unity” is a comprehensive guide that will take you from beginner to expert in AR development. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced developer, this book is the perfect resource for learning to create amazing AR experiences. The book begins with an introduction to AR, covering its core principles and potential applications. You will learn how to visualize AR environments and create visually stunning experiences. Next, the book explores the various tools and development platforms available for AR, with a focus on Unity 3D as the industry-standard platform. You will be guided through creating custom AR components and refreshing your C# programming skills within Unity. The book covers practical applications of AR development, including building 3D mobile apps, marker-based AR apps using Vuforia, and marker-less AR apps with AR Kit and AR Core. You will also learn about world-scale AR development with Niantic Lightship. The latter part of the book focuses on best practices in AR application design, ensuring intuitive and user-friendly experiences. Additionally, readers will learn techniques for optimizing AR app performance. By the end of the book, you will be able to build AR applications with Unity 3D with ease. WHAT YOU WILL LEARN ● Use Unity 3D to develop, build and run mobile 3D applications. ● Use different AR frameworks to integrate augmented reality into 3D scenes. ● Combine networking and cutting-edge technologies to develop dynamic and interactive AR applications. ● Learn how to use the best practices of AR design to create captivating experiences. ● Optimize application performance for a truly seamless and immersive user experience. WHO THIS BOOK IS FOR This book is for anyone who has a basic understanding of programming and is interested in learning to build AR applications using Unity 3D. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Getting Started with Augmented Reality 2. Visualizing AR Environment and Components 3. Exploring Tools and Development Platforms 4. Up and Running with Unity 3D 5. Creating Your First Custom Component 6. Refreshing C# Concepts with Unity 7. Trying Out First 3D Mobile App Development 8. Building Marker-based AR Apps with Vuforia 9. Developing Marker-based Dynamic AR Apps 10. Marker-less AR Apps with AR Kit and AR Core 11. World Scale AR App with Niantic Lightship 12. Best Practices in Augmented Reality Application Design 13. AR App Performance Optimization

Book The Bootstrapper s Guide to the Mobile Web

Download or read book The Bootstrapper s Guide to the Mobile Web written by Deltina Hay and published by Linden Publishing. This book was released on 2012-05-01 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Creating a successful mobile-web presence is achievable with the tools found in this guide--without needing to learn a programming language or become a Web designer. Such a presence is now a necessity, rather than a luxury, for all businesses, organizations, and independent professionals to stay competitive. This quick, practical, hands-on introduction to the nuts and bolts of using the mobile web to grow a brand, improve sales, and increase profits is written for lay people and avoids jargon and programming concepts. Time- and money-saving solutions are presented, teaching technical novices how to quickly adapt their existing websites to the mobile ones and how to easily create mobile applications without having to learn to program. Step-by-step instructions stand alongside real-world examples of successful mobile-web transitions, and advice on best practices is provided to help business owners, entrepreneurs, marketing professionals, and creative professionals create the presence they need to help their business flourish.

Book Mastering ARKit

    Book Details:
  • Author : Jayven Nhan
  • Publisher :
  • Release : 2022
  • ISBN : 9781484291214
  • Pages : 0 pages

Download or read book Mastering ARKit written by Jayven Nhan and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Embark on a journey to build an augmented reality world. This book puts theory into practical application by building unique augmented reality apps specific to each chapter's topic. You'll learn to engineer successful, well-designed, and comprehensive augmented reality applications for Apple devices. First, uncover the foundation of augmented reality on Apple platforms. Understand the building blocks and inner workings of the technologies that power augmented reality. Then, learn about building AR apps using ARKit, SceneKit, SpriteKit, RealityKit, and RealityComposer. You'll study augmented reality app business models, designs, and content for the ultimate user experience. Plus, you'll cover the theories and practicalities of ARKit APIs such as surface detection, working with world maps, body motion capture, face tracking, object scanning and detecting, people occlusion, and more. Chapter by chapter, this book helps you to become an advanced augmented reality engineer. By the end of the book, you'll have the necessary mental models and tools to engineer delightful experiences in Apple's augmented reality platforms. You will: Build AR apps with SceneKit, SpriteKit, RealityKit, and RealityComposer Understand the business models that support augmented reality Incorporate surface detection, computer vision, and body motion capture in your apps.

Book Augmented Reality For Dummies

Download or read book Augmented Reality For Dummies written by Ajay Malik and published by For Dummies. This book was released on 2018-06-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn to create amazing augmented reality apps for mobile devices The cool apps that allow you to gain information by scanning a barcode or pointing your smartphone at an object are in demand! Learn to develop augmented reality apps for iOS, Android, BlackBerry, and Symbian platforms with the advice in this fun and friendly guide. Discover what augmented reality is and what it's used for, learn a little about the underlying technologies, get app ideas for today and tomorrow and implement those ideas, and find out about essential resources related to augmented reality development. Demand for augmented reality apps is booming, but until this book, little reference material has been available for developers This friendly guide defines and explains augmented reality and identifies other essential resources Covers underlying technologies and gadgetry available for augmented reality as well as privacy issues to consider Provides comparative detail and instructions for creating mobile AR apps on four major smartphone platforms: iOS, Android, BlackBerry, and Symbian Creating augmented reality apps for mobile devices is a challenging and potentially lucrative endeavor; this book has just what you need to get started.

Book AR for IOS Developers  RealityKit and Reality Composer

Download or read book AR for IOS Developers RealityKit and Reality Composer written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the RealityKit framework, you can integrate virtual objects into the real world to build striking augmented reality (AR) experiences. Reality Composer, a powerful new app for iOS and Mac, makes it easy to create 3D content that you can add to the app you're building with RealityKit. In this course, learn the fundamentals of working with RealityKit, as well as how to use Reality Composer to create interactive AR experiences with no prior 3D experience. After showing you how to quickly build an AR app with RealityKit, instructor Brian Advent demonstrates how to create content and interactions with Reality Composer. Then, see how to use Reality Composer and Xcode together to create apps that display content based on 2D images and 3D objects found in the real world.

Book Beginning Augmented Reality for iOS

Download or read book Beginning Augmented Reality for iOS written by Lester Madden and published by Wrox. This book was released on 2013-03-25 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn Augmented Reality technology from the ground up Augmented Reality is the hottest new technology around, and this Wrox guide teaches you how to put it to work. The straightforward style of Wrox beginner's guides will walk you through the different AR technologies, helping you understand their application in various industries. Then you'll work with actual coding examples to build apps for the iPhone and iPad. AR expert Lester Madden shows you how to utilize a broad range of AR technologies, how to work with the different available platforms, how to use other emerging technologies with AR, and much more. Augmented Reality is complex; this book helps beginners gain a solid understanding of AR and how to use it Explains all the details of this hot technology and how it is used in different industries, particularly in marketing campaigns Covers a wide array of tools for Visual AR, used for both iPhone and iPad Provides hands-on coding examples for the leading AR platforms Teaches how to use advanced haptic techniques to provide touch feedback to users Explores the use of other emerging technologies with AR to provide an enhanced user experience Written by Lester Madden, one of the leading authorities on Augmented Reality and a popular AR blogger Beginning Augmented Reality for iOS gives AR beginners the knowledge and confidence they need to take advantage of this extremely popular tool.

Book The Bootstrapper s Guide to the New Search Optimization

Download or read book The Bootstrapper s Guide to the New Search Optimization written by Deltina Hay and published by Linden Publishing. This book was released on 2013-12 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anyone can easily and efficiently learn how to drive users to their website with the use of this handy guide to both traditional and nontraditional search engine optimization (SEO). Social search, real-time search, semantic search, blog and RSS feed search, mobile engine and app search, and other search types need to be considered in order to optimize maximum exposure on the internet today. This book teaches how to prepare website content for semantic search engines, how search engines and social networking sites work together, how to apply organic search techniques to content and keyword lists, and how to apply it to an individualized framework to maximize online exposure. It goes on to provide analytical and metric tools to measure the success of the search optimization strategy. Using real-world examples and avoiding technical jargon, this guide is perfect for businesspeople, entrepreneurs, and independent professionals who need practical, successful, and fast results that bring customers to their websites.

Book Augmented Reality

    Book Details:
  • Author : Joseph Rampolla
  • Publisher : Elsevier
  • Release : 2012-12-31
  • ISBN : 1597497347
  • Pages : 177 pages

Download or read book Augmented Reality written by Joseph Rampolla and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-31 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the explosive growth in mobile phone usage and rapid rise in search engine technologies over the last decade, augmented reality (AR) is poised to be one of this decade's most disruptive technologies, as the information that is constantly flowing around us is brought into view, in real-time, through augmented reality. In this cutting-edge book, the authors outline and discuss never-before-published information about augmented reality and its capabilities. With coverage of mobile, desktop, developers, security, challenges, and gaming, this book gives you a comprehensive understanding of what augmented reality is, what it can do, what is in store for the future and most importantly: how to benefit from using AR in our lives and careers. Educates readers how best to use augmented reality regardless of industry Provides an in-depth understanding of AR and ideas ranging from new business applications to new crime fighting methods Includes actual examples and case studies from both private and government application

Book Mastering ARKit

    Book Details:
  • Author : Jayven Nhan
  • Publisher : Apress
  • Release : 2025-02-03
  • ISBN :
  • Pages : 0 pages

Download or read book Mastering ARKit written by Jayven Nhan and published by Apress. This book was released on 2025-02-03 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Embark on a journey to build an augmented reality world. This book puts theory into practical application by building unique augmented reality apps specific to each chapter’s topic. You’ll learn to engineer successful, well-designed, and comprehensive augmented reality applications for Apple devices. First, uncover the foundation of augmented reality on Apple platforms. Understand the building blocks and inner workings of the technologies that power augmented reality. Then, learn about building AR apps using ARKit, SceneKit, SpriteKit, RealityKit, and RealityComposer. You’ll study augmented reality app business models, designs, and content for the ultimate user experience. Plus, you’ll cover the theories and practicalities of ARKit APIs such as surface detection, working with world maps, body motion capture, face tracking, object scanning and detecting, people occlusion, and more. Chapter by chapter, this book helps you tobecome an advanced augmented reality engineer. By the end of the book, you’ll have the necessary mental models and tools to engineer delightful experiences in Apple’s augmented reality platforms. What You'll Learn Build AR apps with SceneKit, SpriteKit, RealityKit, and RealityComposer Understand the business models that support augmented reality Incorporate surface detection, computer vision, and body motion capture in your apps Who This Book Is ForiOS developers who want to expand their knowledge of ARKit. They should have a solid foundation in the Swift programming language and understand the basics of navigating Xcode.

Book Handbook of Augmented Reality

Download or read book Handbook of Augmented Reality written by Borko Furht and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-08-31 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Augmented Reality (AR) refers to the merging of a live view of the physical, real world with context-sensitive, computer-generated images to create a mixed reality. Through this augmented vision, a user can digitally interact with and adjust information about their surrounding environment on-the-fly. Handbook of Augmented Reality provides an extensive overview of the current and future trends in Augmented Reality, and chronicles the dramatic growth in this field. The book includes contributions from world expert s in the field of AR from academia, research laboratories and private industry. Case studies and examples throughout the handbook help introduce the basic concepts of AR, as well as outline the Computer Vision and Multimedia techniques most commonly used today. The book is intended for a wide variety of readers including academicians, designers, developers, educators, engineers, practitioners, researchers, and graduate students. This book can also be beneficial for business managers, entrepreneurs, and investors.