Download or read book Neonatal Mortality of Elk in Wyoming written by Bruce L. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neonatal Mortality of Elk in Wyoming written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neonatal Mortality of Elk in Wyoming written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neonatal Mortality of Elk in Wyoming written by U. S. Fish U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-02-14 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large carnivores are considered keystone species that are vital to the integrity of many ecosystems (Estes 1996, Power et al. 1996). However, restoration and recovery of large North American carnivores has been met with skepticism and resistance by some Americans, particularly those that live closest to recovery areas and feel threatened by their presence (Bath 1991, Fisher 1995, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1998). The most prevalent concerns are livestock depredations, financial loss to ranchers, human safety, and large losses of wild ungulate populations (Bath 1991, Braun 1991, Linnell et al. 1995, Pate et al. 1996, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1998). Mech (1996) noted that the debate is not about whether predators affect their prey; they do. Rather, debate continues about the degree to which predation is compensatory, regulates prey populations in combination with other factors, and how predators may shape behavior and structure of prey populations.
Download or read book Neonatal Mortality of Elk in Wyoming written by Bruce L. Smith and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2012-08-16 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public concerns over large losses of wild ungulates to predators arise when restoring large carnivore species to former locations or population densities. During the 1990s, mountain lion (Felis concolor) and grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) numbers increased in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, and gray wolves (Canis lupus) were reintroduced to the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. We investigated effects of these predators, as well as black bears (Ursus americanus) and coyotes (Canis latrans), on mortality of an abundant and increasing prey species, elk (Cervus elaphus). We captured, radio-instrumented, and monitored survival of 145 elk neonates from 3 cohorts during 1990 - 1992, and 153 neonates from 3 cohorts during 1997 - 1999 when grizzly bears and lions were likely more common than during the earlier period of study. Neonatal (birth through 31 July) mortality of elk due to predation, disease, and accidents increased from 15.2 % to 27.5% (P = 0.01). Sixty-eight percent of all mortality during 1990 - 1992 resulted from predation by black bears and coyotes, compared to 76% during 1997-1999 by black bears, coyotes, grizzly bears, and mountain lions, a non-significant difference (P = 0.49). Weight gains of calves during the first week, but not birth weights, declined from 1990 - 1992 to 1997 - 1999. April temperatures were cooler, delaying spring green-up, and elk numbers were larger during 1997 - 1999 when weight gains and survival of calves declined. Calves that died were more likely to be male, below average birth weight, and had inferior serum nutritional indices. The change in neonatal calf survival reduced the annual growth rate of the Jackson elk herd from 1.26 to 1.23, yielding a decline in the annual increment of approximately 500 animals in a preparturition herd of 11,000 elk. Changes in mid-summer calf: 100 cow ratios indicated a 39 - 45% greater decline in neonatal survival than measured among the radioed calves. We suggest increasing predation during the study was partially compensatory, given predator selection of inferior calves and increased mortality of cohorts with reduced first week growth rates. Reduced rate of first week weight gains of elk calves extended the duration of neonatal mortality by one month during 1997 - 1999, and may be as important in predisposing calves to predation and other mortality as low birth weights. Consequently, we conclude that increased predation was a proximate not an ultimate cause of declining neonatal survival during the 1990s. We recommend careful evaluation and hypothesis testing of predator effects on elk as restoration of large carnivores continues.
Download or read book Neonatal Mortality of Elk in Wyoming Environmental Population and Predator Effects written by U.s. Fish and Wildlife and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-07-01 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public concerns over large losses of wild ungulates to predators arise when restoring large carnivore species to former locations or population densities. During the 1990s, mountain lion and grizzly bear numbers increased in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, and gray wolves were reintroduced to the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. We investigated effects of these predators, as well as black bears and coyotes, on mortality of an abundant and increasing prey species, elk.
Download or read book Grand Teton National Park N P Bison and Elk Management Plan written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Where Elk Roam written by Bruce Smith and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2011-11-08 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An inside look at working with the majestic elk—and the controversies surrounding their conservation.
Download or read book Yellowstone s Wildlife in Transition written by P. J. White and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-01 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world's first national park is constantly changing. How we understand and respond to recent events putting species under stress will determine the future of ecosystems millions of years in the making. Marshaling expertise from over 30 contributors, Yellowstone's Wildlife in Transition examines three primary challenges to the park's ecology.
Download or read book Elk Calf Mortality Following Wolf Restoration to Yellowstone National Park written by Shannon Michelle Barber-Meyer and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A three-year study of the mortality in northern Yellowstone elk calves. Compares results to those of the Singer et al. study conducted from 1987-1990.
Download or read book Neonatal Mortality of Elk Driven by Climate Predator Phenology and Predator Community Composition written by Kathleen A. Griffin and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. Understanding the interaction among predators and between predation and climate is critical to understanding the mechanisms for compensatory mortality. We used data from 1999 radio-marked neonatal elk (Cervus elaphus) calves from 12 populations in the north-western United States to test for effects of predation on neonatal survival, and whether predation interacted with climate to render mortality compensatory. 2. Weibull survival models with a random effect for each population were fit as a function of the number of predator species in a community (3?5), seven indices of climatic variability, sex, birth date, birth weight, and all interactions between climate and predators. Cumulative incidence functions (CIF) were used to test whether the effects of individual species of predators were additive or compensatory. 3. Neonatal elk survival to 3 months declined following hotter previous summers and increased with higher May precipitation, especially in areas with wolves and/or grizzly bears. Mortality hazards were significantly lower in systems with only coyotes (Canis latrans), cougars (Puma concolor) and black bears (Ursus americanus) compared to higher mortality hazards experienced with gray wolves (Canis lupus) and grizzly bears (Ursus horribilis). 4. In systems with wolves and grizzly bears, mortality by cougars decreased, and predation by bears was the dominant cause of neonatal mortality. Only bear predation appeared additive and occurred earlier than other predators, which may render later mortality by other predators compensatory as calves age. Wolf predation was low and most likely a compensatory source of mortality for neonatal elk calves. 5. Functional redundancy and interspecific competition among predators may combine with the effects of climate on vulnerability to predation to drive compensatory mortality of neonatal elk calves. The exception was the evidence for additive bear predation. These results suggest that effects of predation by recovering wolves on neonatal elk survival, a contentious issue for management of elk populations, may be less important than the composition of the predator community. Future studies would benefit by synthesizing overwinter calf and adult-survival data sets, ideally from experimental studies, to test the roles of predation in annual compensatory and additive mortality of elk.
Download or read book Cougar written by Maurice Hornocker and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2009-12-15 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cougar is one of the most beautiful, enigmatic, and majestic animals in the Americas. Eliciting reverence for its grace and independent nature, it also triggers fear when it comes into contact with people, pets, and livestock or competes for hunters’ game. Mystery, myth, and misunderstanding surround this remarkable creature. The cougar’s range once extended from northern Canada to the tip of South America, and from the Pacific to the Atlantic, making it the most widespread animal in the western hemisphere. But overhunting and loss of habitat vastly reduced cougar numbers by the early twentieth century across much of its historical range, and today the cougar faces numerous threats as burgeoning human development encroaches on its remaining habitat. When Maurice Hornocker began the first long-term study of cougars in the Idaho wilderness in 1964, little was known about this large cat. Its secretive nature and rarity in the landscape made it difficult to study. But his groundbreaking research yielded major insights and was the prelude to further research on this controversial species. The capstone to Hornocker’s long career studying big cats, Cougar is a powerful and practical resource for scientists, conservationists, and anyone with an interest in large carnivores. He and conservationist Sharon Negri bring together the diverse perspectives of twenty-two distinguished scientists to provide the fullest account of the cougar’s ecology, behavior, and genetics, its role as a top predator, and its conservation needs. This compilation of recent findings, stunning photographs, and firsthand accounts of field research unravels the mysteries of this magnificent animal and emphasizes its importance in healthy ecosystem processes and in our lives.
Download or read book Rocky Mountain National Park N P Elk and Vegetation Management Plan written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Report on Condition of Elk in Jackson Hole Wyoming in 1911 written by Edward Alexander Preble and published by . This book was released on 1911 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Annual Report written by University of Wyoming-National Park Service Research Center and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mammal Community Dynamics written by Cynthia J. Zabel and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-09-18 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Table of contents
Download or read book The Biology of Deer written by Robert D. Brown and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first International Conference on the Biology of Deer Production was held at Dunedin, New Zealand in 1983. That meeting provided, for the first time, a forum for those with interests in either wild deer management or farmed deer production to come together. Scientists, wild deer managers, domestic deer farmers, veterinarians, venison and antler product producers, and others were able to discuss common problems and to share their knowledge and experience. The relationships formed at that meeting, and the information amassed in the resulting Proceedings, sparked new endeavors in cervid research, management, and production. A great deal has taken place in the world of deer biology since 1983. Wild deer populations, although ever increasing in many areas of the world, face new hazards of habitat loss, environmental contamination, and overexploitation. Some species are closer to extinction than ever. Game managers often face political as well as biological challenges. Many more deer are now on farms, leading to greater concerns about disease control and increased needs for husbandry information. Researchers have accumulated considerable new in formation, some of it in areas such as biochemical genetics, not discussed in 1983.
