Download or read book Neighborhood Quality and Labor Market Outcomes written by Anna Piil Damm and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using survey information about characteristics of personal contacts, linked with administrative register information on employment status one year later, this study paper shows that unemployment survey respondents with many employed acquaintances have a higher job finding rate. Settlement in a socially deprived neighborhood may, therefore, hamper individual labor market outcomes because of lack of employed contacts. The book investigates this hypothesis by exploiting a unique natural experiment that occurred between 1986 and 1998 when refugee immigrants to Denmark were assigned to municipalities quasi-randomly, which successfully addresses the methodological problem of endogenous neighborhood selection. Taking account of location sorting, living in a socially deprived neighborhood does not affect labor market outcomes of refugee men. Furthermore, their labor market outcomes are not affected by the overall employment rate of men living in the neighborhood, but positively affected by the employment rate of non-Western immigrant men and co-national men living in the neighborhood. This is strong evidence that immigrants find jobs in part through their employed immigrant and co-ethnic contacts in the neighborhood of residence and that a high quality of contacts increases the individual's employment chances and annual earnings. (Series: The Rockwool Foundation Research Unit - Study Paper - Vol. 47)
Download or read book Neighborhood Quality and Labor Market Outcomes written by Damm Piil Damm and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economics Working Papers written by Anna Piil Damm and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economics Working Papers written by Anna Piil Damm and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Local Neighborhoods and Labor Market Outcomes written by Toni A. Horst and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Identifying Individual and Group Effects in the Presence of Sorting written by Patrick J. Bayer and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers have long recognized that the non-random sorting of individuals into groups generates correlation between individual and group attributes that is likely to bias naïve estimates of both individual and group effects. This paper proposes a non-parametric strategy for identifying these effects in a model that allows for both individual and group unobservables, applying this strategy to the estimation of neighborhood effects on labor market outcomes. The first part of this strategy is guided by a robust feature of the equilibrium in vertical sorting models - a monotonic relationship between neighborhood housing prices and neighborhood quality. This implies that under certain conditions a non-parametric function of neighborhood housing prices serves as a suitable control function for the neighborhood unobservable in the labor market outcome regression. This control function transforms the problem to a model with one unobservable so that traditional instrumental variables solutions may be applied. In our application, we instrument for each individual's observed neighborhood attributes with the average neighborhood attributes of a set of observationally identical individuals. The neighborhood effects model is estimated using confidential microdata from the 1990 Decennial Census for the Boston MSA. The results imply that the direct effects of geographic proximity to jobs, neighborhood poverty rates, and average neighborhood education are substantially larger than the conditional correlations identified using OLS, although the net effect of neighborhood quality on labor market outcomes remains small. These findings are robust across a wide variety of specifications and robustness checks.
Download or read book Evidence of Neighborhood Effects from Moving to Opportunity written by Dionissi Aliprantis and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper estimates neighborhood effects on adult labor market outcomes using the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) housing mobility experiment. We propose and implement a new strategy for identifying transition-specific effects that exploits identification of the unobserved component of a neighborhood choice model. Estimated Local Average Treatment Effects (LATEs) are large, result from moves between the first and second deciles of the national distribution of neighborhood quality, and pertain to a subpopulation of nine percent of program participants.
Download or read book Handbook of Social Economics written by Jess Benhabib and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-11-12 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through the use of new economic data and tools, the contributors survey an array of social interactions and decisions that typify homo economicus. Their work brings order to the sometimes conflicting claims that countries, environments, beliefs, and other influences make on our economic decisions.
Download or read book Getting a Job written by Mark Granovetter and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2018-06-29 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This classic study of how 282 men in the United States found their jobs not only proves "it's not what you know but who you know," but also demonstrates how social activity influences labor markets. Examining the link between job contacts and social structure, Granovetter recognizes networking as the crucial link between economists studies of labor mobility and more focused studies of an individual's motivation to find work. This second edition is updated with a new Afterword and includes Granovetter's influential article "Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problems of Embeddedness." "Who would imagine that a book with such a prosaic title as 'getting a job' could pose such provocative questions about social structure and even social policy? In a remarkably ingenious and deceptively simple analysis of data gathered from a carefully designed sample of professional, technical, and managerial employees . . . Granovetter manages to raise a number of critical issues for the economic theory of labor markets as well as for theories of social structure by exploiting the emerging 'social network' perspective."—Edward O. Laumann, American Journal of Sociology "This short volume has much to offer readers of many disciplines. . . . Granovetter demonstrates ingenuity in his design and collection of data."—Jacob Siegel, Monthly Labor Review "A fascinating exploration, for Granovetter's principal interest lies in utilizing sociological theory and method to ascertain the nature of the linkages through which labor market information is transmitted by 'friends and relatives.'"—Herbert Parnes, Industrial and Labor Relations Review
Download or read book Do Neighbors Help Finding a Job Social Networks and Labor Market Outcomes After Plant Closures written by Elke J. Jahn and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social networks may affect individual workers' labor market outcomes. Using rich spatial data from administrative records, we analyze whether neighbors' employment status influences an individual worker's employment probability after plant closure and, if hired, his wage. Our findings suggest that a 10 percentage point higher neighborhood employment rate increases the probability of having a job after six months by 0.9 percentage points and daily earnings by 1.7 percent. The neighborhood effect seems not to be driven by social norms but information transmission via neighborhoods and, additionally, via former co-worker networks.
Download or read book The Influence of Neighborhood Characteristics on Wages and Labor Supply in an Urban Context written by Leonardo Fabio Morales and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using data from Medellín, the second-largest city in Colombia, in this paper, we assess how a set of neighborhood characteristics determines wages, and labor supply for workers in the city. We use GIS data to measure the quality of the environments in which workers live. The paper focuses on the impact of the following set of characteristics on labor supply and wages: availability of public transportation, crime levels, and density of economic activity. The empirical methodology consists of the estimation of linear equations for wages and worked hours, controlling the selection of individuals within the neighborhoods observed. In order to do this, in a first stage we estimate a probabilistic model of neighborhood selection from which selection correction terms are obtained; in a second stage, these correction terms are included in the linear equations for wage and worked hours. Additionally, we control the sample selection as well. We found that the endogeneity of the location decision tends to overestimate the magnitude of the effect of neighborhood characteristics on labor market outcomes. Nevertheless, the effect of some characteristics was still significant and important after we controlled the possibility of selection into neighborhoods.
Download or read book Place of Work and Place of Residence written by Patrick J. Bayer and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "We use a novel dataset and research design to empirically detect the effect of social interactions among neighbors on labor market outcomes. Specifically, using Census data that characterize residential and employment locations down to the city block, we examine whether individuals residing in the same block are more likely to work together than those in nearby but not identical blocks. We find significant evidence of social interactions: residing on the same versus nearby blocks increases the probability of working together by over 50 percent. We also provide evidence as to which types of matches between individuals result in greater levels of referrals. These findings are robust across various specifications intended to address concerns related to sorting and reverse causation. Further, our estimated match effects have a significant impact on a wide range of labor market outcomes more generally including employment and wages"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site.
Download or read book Identifying and Estimating Neighborhood Effects written by Bryan S. Graham and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Residential segregation by race and income are enduring features of urban America. Understanding the effects of residential segregation on educational attainment, labor market outcomes, criminal activity and other outcomes has been a leading project of the social sciences for over half a century. This paper describes techniques for measuring the effects of neighborhood of residence on long run life outcomes.
Download or read book Transit Access and Labor Market Outcomes Across Segregated Neighborhoods written by Brian S. McKenzie and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gentrification and the concurrent decline of the nation's oldest suburban housing stock have contributed to relatively affordable housing in many of the nation's inner suburbs. Among the suburban poor, Latinos are the fastest growing group, and the suburban black population below poverty has also increased disproportionately in recent decades. Inner-suburbs generally lack the amenities and services available in the city, and suburban travel often requires an automobile because suburban landscapes cannot support public transportation. For four metropolitan areas of varying Latino settlement histories and varying transit availability, this dissertation explores to what extent access to public transportation varies among different types of residentially segregated neighborhoods. It compares segregated Latino neighborhoods and segregated black neighborhoods with all other neighborhoods. This study reveals differences in the quality of transit access across neighborhoods of various racial/ethnic concentrations. In Portland and San Francisco, where neighborhoods of Black and Latino concentration is found away from the urban core, transit access for segregated neighborhoods is poor to compared to other neighborhoods. Segregated neighborhoods in Houston and Las Vegas have comparatively high levels of transit access relative to other neighborhoods. San Francisco is the only study region for which increased transit access is consistently associated with neighborhood labor market improvements. this project provides a starting point for understanding the role of public transportation in expanding opportunities for low income and residentially segregated residents.--Adapted from abstract.
Download or read book Essays in Urban and Labor Economics written by Daniel Ringo and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This dissertation contributes to two literatures: Urban Economics and Labor Economics. In the first chapter I estimate the effect of home ownership on individual workers' unemployment and wage growth, as well as other labor market outcomes. Because of higher moving costs, home owners will be less willing than renters to relocate for work and could therefore face longer unemployment spells. To elaborate on this hypothesis, credited to Oswald (1996), I build a simple search model and obtain a set of labor market predictions to test. The current microeconomic literature has reached mixed results regarding home ownership's impact, with most studies concluding that home ownership reduces unemployment. I show that the instruments used are likely to be invalid because of, among other reasons, Tiebout (1956) type sorting into housing markets. I use an instrumental variable free of the endogeneity present in other work: the county level home ownership rate when and where the worker grew up. This IV affects workers' preferences for housing but not, conditional on my covariates, their labor market ability. My results indicate that home ownership is a significant hindrance to mobility, and homeowners suffer longer unemployment spells and slower wage growth because of it. In the second chapter I use a dynamic model of neighborhood choice to estimate household preferences over the demographic characteristics of a neighborhood. I focus on the racial mix, average income and housing price level of a neighborhood, and whether households prefer neighbors that are similar to themselves. Identification of these preferences is complicated by the social aspect of neighborhood amenities. A household's valuation of a particular choice (neighborhood) is a function of the choices other households in the market have made and will make in the future. I show that demographic characteristics of a neighborhood are therefore endogenous to neighborhood quality. Standard estimates of preferences over neighbors may be biased by the presence of such unobservable local amenities. I develop a framework to correct this problem based on a careful delineation of the information households could have access to before and after they make their decisions. The model I build has the advantage over the literature of being able to produce self-consistent predictions about demographic changes. I deal with the low frequency of observations in my data set, the decennial census, by simulating local housing markets between data collection periods. After controlling for type-specific preferences for the physical amenities of neighborhoods, I find a universal preference for higher income neighbors. In contrast to much of the literature, my results suggest white households have no aversion to minority neighbors. In the third chapter I estimate the effect of parental credit scores on the child's probability of attending and completing college. Parents in the US are increasingly supplementing the student loans available to their children with unsecured debt in their own name. This is the first paper on this topic to make use of direct observations of credit scores, rather than rely on proxies such as wealth shocks. I find that good parental credit significantly improves the child's probability of attending college, with a smaller (although still significant) effect on the probability of completing a four-year degree. I provide evidence that the estimated relationship is causal and not biased by, for example, unobserved ability. Additionally, I show that credit scores may affect attendance through channels other than access to the student loan market. I hypothesize households substitute the potential to borrow for precautionary savings"--Pages iii-iv.
Download or read book Place of Work and Place of Residence written by Patrick J. Bayer and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We use a novel research design to empirically detect the effect of social interactions among neighbors on labor market outcomes. Specifically, using Census data that characterize residential and employment locations down to the city block, we examine whether individuals residing in the same block are more likely to work together than those in nearby blocks. We find evidence of significant social interactions operating at the block level: residing on the same versus nearby blocks increases the probability of working together by over 33 percent. The results also indicate that this referral effect is stronger when individuals are similar in socio-demographic characteristics (e.g., both have children of similar ages) and when at least one individual is well attached to the labor market. These findings are robust across various specifications intended to address concerns related to sorting and reverse causation. Further, having determined the characteristics of a pair of individuals that lead to an especially strong referral effect, we provide evidence that the increased availability of neighborhood referrals has a significant impact on a wide range of labor market outcomes including labor force participation, hours and earnings.
Download or read book Do Neighbourhoods Influence Long term Labour Market Success a Comparison of Adults who Grew Up in Different Public Housing Projects written by Oreopoulos, Philip and published by Analytical Studies, Statistics Canada. This book was released on 2002 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
