Download or read book Negotiating in Civil Conflict written by Haider Ala Hamoudi and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2013-11-12 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2005, Iraq drafted its first constitution and held the country’s first democratic election in more than fifty years. Even under ideal conditions, drafting a constitution can be a prolonged process marked by contentious debate, and conditions in Iraq are far from ideal: Iraq has long been racked by ethnic and sectarian conflict, which intensified following the American invasion and continues today. This severe division, which often erupted into violence, would not seem to bode well for the fate of democracy. So how is it that Iraq was able to surmount its sectarianism to draft a constitution that speaks to the conflicting and largely incompatible ideological view of the Sunnis, Shi’ah, and Kurds? Haider Ala Hamoudi served in 2009 as an adviser to Iraq’s Constitutional Review Committee, and he argues here that the terms of the Iraqi Constitution are sufficiently capacious to be interpreted in a variety of ways, allowing it to appeal to the country’s three main sects despite their deep disagreements. While some say that this ambiguity avoids the challenging compromises that ultimately must be made if the state is to survive, Hamoudi maintains that to force these compromises on issues of central importance to ethnic and sectarian identity would almost certainly result in the imposition of one group’s views on the others. Drawing on the original negotiating documents, he shows that this feature of the Constitution was not an act of evasion, as is sometimes thought, but a mark of its drafters’ awareness in recognizing the need to permit the groups the time necessary to develop their own methods of working with one another over time.
Download or read book Negotiating Civil War written by Henry Lovat and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-16 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A theoretically-informed, critical account of the making of the international legal rules governing civil war.
Download or read book Elusive Peace written by I. William Zartman and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2011-12-01 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the threat of superpower confrontation diminishes in the post-cold war era, civil wars and their regional ramifications are emerging as the primary challenge to international peace and security. Notoriously difficult to resolve, these internal conflicts seem condemned to escalate with no end in sight. This book recognizes that internal dissidence is the legitimate result of the breakdown of normal politics and focuses on resolving conflict through negotiation rather than combat. Elusive Peace provides a revealing look at the nature of internal conflicts and explains why appropriate conditions for negotiation and useful solutions are so difficult to find. The authors offer a series of case studies of ongoing conflict in Angola, Mozambique, Eritrea, South Africa, Southern Sudan, Lebanon, Spain, Colombia, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, and the Philippines. They examine the characteristics of each confrontation, including past failed negotiations, and make suggestions for changes in negotiating strategies that could lead to a more successful outcome. The contributors, in addition to the editor, are Imtiaz Bokhari, Bilkent University, Ankara; Robert Clark, George Mason University; Marius Deeb and Marina Ottaway, Georgetown University; Mary Jane Deeb, American University; Francis Deng, Brookings; Daniel Druckman, National Academy of Sciences; Todd Eisenstadt, University of California, San Diego; Daniel Garcia, University of the Andes, Bogota; Justin Green, Villanova University; Carolyn Hartzell and Donald Rothchild, University of California, Davis; Ibrahim Msabaha, Center for Foreign Relations, Dar es-Salaam; and Howard Wriggins, Columbia University.
Download or read book International Mediation in Civil Wars written by Timothy D Sisk and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-01-08 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book evaluates the role of international mediators in bringing civil wars to an end and makes the case for ‘powerful peacemaking’ – using incentives and sanctions – to leverage parties into peace. As internal violence within countries is a hugely significant threat to international peace in the post-Cold War era, the question of how these wars end has become an urgent research and policy question. This volume explores a critical aspect of peacemaking that has yet to be sufficiently evaluated: the turbulent period beyond the onset of formal or open negotiations to end civil wars and the clinching of an initially sustainable negotiated settlement. The book argues that the transnational flow of weapons, resources, and ideas means that when civil wars today end, they are more likely to do so at the negotiating table than on the battlefield. It uses bargaining theory to develop an analytical framework to evaluate peace processes – moving from stalemate in wars to negotiated settlement – and it rigorously analyses the experiences of five cases of negotiated transitions from war and the role of international mediators: South Africa, Liberia, Burundi, Kashmir, and Sri Lanka.
Download or read book Elusive Peace written by I. William Zartman and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experts on conflict resolution examine ongoing cases of internal conflict in countries such as Angola, Ethiopia, Lebanon, and Sri Lanka, and explore how conflicts can be resolved through negotiation rather than combat. They look at types of conflicts such as secession rebellions and regional minority rebellions, conditions for negotiation, and the dynamics of protest and resolution, and discuss the history of negotiations in 11 countries. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Negotiation and Conflict Management written by I. William Zartman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-12-20 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a series of essays by I. William Zartman outlining the evolution of the key concepts required for the study of negotiation and conflict management, such as formula, ripeness, pre-negotiation, mediation, power, process, intractability, escalation, and order. Responding to a lack of useful conceptualization for the analysis of international negotiation, Zartman has developed an analytical framework and specific concepts that can serve as a basis for both study and practice. Negotiation is analyzed as a process, and is linked to other major themes in political science such as decision, structure, justice and order. This analysis is then applied to negotiations to manage particular types of conflicts and cooperation, including ethnic conflicts, civil wars and regime-building. It also develops typologies and strategies of mediation, dealing with such aspects as leverage, bias, interest, and roles. Written by the leading exponent of negotiation and mediation, Negotiation and Conflict Management will be of great interest to all students of negotiation, mediation and conflict studies in general.
Download or read book The Costs of Conversation written by Oriana Skylar Mastro and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-15 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After a war breaks out, what factors influence the warring parties' decisions about whether to talk to their enemy, and when may their position on wartime diplomacy change? How do we get from only fighting to also talking? In The Costs of Conversation, Oriana Skylar Mastro argues that states are primarily concerned with the strategic costs of conversation, and these costs need to be low before combatants are willing to engage in direct talks with their enemy. Specifically, Mastro writes, leaders look to two factors when determining the probable strategic costs of demonstrating a willingness to talk: the likelihood the enemy will interpret openness to diplomacy as a sign of weakness, and how the enemy may change its strategy in response to such an interpretation. Only if a state thinks it has demonstrated adequate strength and resiliency to avoid the inference of weakness, and believes that its enemy has limited capacity to escalate or intensify the war, will it be open to talking with the enemy. Through four primary case studies—North Vietnamese diplomatic decisions during the Vietnam War, those of China in the Korean War and Sino-Indian War, and Indian diplomatic decision making in the latter conflict—The Costs of Conversation demonstrates that the costly conversations thesis best explains the timing and nature of countries' approach to wartime talks, and therefore when peace talks begin. As a result, Mastro's findings have significant theoretical and practical implications for war duration and termination, as well as for military strategy, diplomacy, and mediation.
Download or read book Getting to Lasting Peace Does Mediation Suffice to Settle Civil Wars Successfully written by Patrick Wagner and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2007-08 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2003 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: Peace and Conflict Studies, Security, grade: 2 (B), University of Kent (Brussls School of International Studies), course: Negotiation and Mediation, 16 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Since the end of the Cold War the nature and perception of international conflict has changed significantly. Instead of inter-state war, intra-state conflicts now constitute the majority of current conflicts. "Global nuclear warfare is no longer the primary international security concern. It has been displaced by [...] excessively violent and destructive intra-state or internal conflicts." And these conflicts, which would have been regarded as purely internal matters during the Cold War, are now seen as being of international concern. Civil wars which are normally regionalised, are often nevertheless deemed to be a threat to international peace and security. As a result, the international community has become more and more involved in the resolution of civil wars, often by mediating peace negotiations between the parties involved. However, the resolution of civil war is one the most challenging tasks in Conflict Resolution. Only a minority of negotiations result in a lasting peace and only under exceptional circumstances is this achieved without a third party mediating the negotiations. Although many of the attempts to settle civil wars by mediation have failed, it is clear that the involvement of international mediators makes civil war negotiations more likely to succeed and in some cases indeed helps to find long-term solutions to the conflict.
Download or read book Stopping the Killing written by Roy Licklider and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 1995-03 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: STOPPING THE KILLING travels from Latin America and the United States to Africa and the Middle East to grapple with the critical issue of civil wars and their powerful impact on the international scene.
Download or read book New Approaches to International Negotiation and Mediation written by Timothy D. Sisk and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part I: Applied Theory. Recent advances in negotiation theory and application to skills training / by Daniel Druckman and Victor Robinson -- Adjusted winner theory: applications to the South China Sea / by Steven Brams -- Part II: Simulations. Computer-based simulation: Antarctic treaty and Falklands/Malvinas negotiations / by Jack Child -- Crisis negotiation environment project / by Jonathan Wilkenfeld and Sarit Kraus -- Strengthening the Biological Weapons Convention: a teaching simulation / by Marie Isabelle Chevrier -- Part III: Internal Conflicts. Negotiating an end in civil wars: general findings / by Roy Licklider -- Negotiating for peace in Liberia: conclusions and recommendations / by Richard Joseph -- Negotiating with "villains" / by Bertram Spector -- Conclusions: Bridging theory and practice -- Appendix: Theoretical aspects of adjusted winner theory.
Download or read book Negotiating Peace in El Salvador written by Tricia Juhn and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-27 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Set against the backdrop of the collapsing Cold War world, this monograph draws on entirely new documentary evidence to chronicle almost two years worth of UN-led peace talks to end the civil war in El Salvador. Presented in 'moment-to-moment' fashion, hitherto private notes and interviews with the chief UN, American and Salvadoran negotiators demonstrate that the key to enduring peace was to restructure relations between the country's powerful entrepreneurs and the armed forces.
Download or read book Crafting Peace written by Caroline A. Hartzell and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2015-10-29 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent efforts to reach a settlement of the enduring and tragic conflict in Darfur demonstrate how important it is to understand what factors contribute most to the success of such efforts. In this book, Caroline Hartzell and Matthew Hoddie review data from all negotiated civil war settlements between 1945 and 1999 in order to identify these factors. What they find is that settlements are more likely to produce an enduring peace if they involve construction of a diversity of power-sharing and power-dividing arrangements between former adversaries. The strongest negotiated settlements prove to be those in which former rivals agree to share or divide state power across its economic, military, political, and territorial dimensions. This finding is a significant addition to the existing literature, which tends to focus more on the role that third parties play in mediating and enforcing agreements. Beyond the quantitative analyses, the authors include a chapter comparing contrasting cases of successful and unsuccessful settlements in the Philippines and Angola, respectively.
Download or read book Negotiating in Times of Conflict written by Gilead Sher and published by Contentonow. This book was released on 2016-03-16 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains a collection of essays by leading conflict resolution analysts and practitioners from across the globe. It aims to serve as a resource for policymakers, negotiators, and mediators who are striving to resolve intractable conflicts that account for widespread casualties and immeasurable suffering, and that challenge governments with acute policy and security dilemmas. "This volume promises to make an important contribution to the literature on diplomatic interventions in situations of protracted conflict. The case studies presented cover the array of issues that conflicting parties must consider before and during negotiations. The universality of many of the lessons learned suggests that policymakers and negotiators should heed the advice in this well-conceived volume." Daniel Kurtzer, Professor at Princeton University, former U.S. Ambassador to Egypt and Israel "Drawing on both experience and research from a large number of highly qualified contributors, this volume provides a rich guide to negotiations in conflict situations. Dealing with the many factors that may impede or aid resolution of conflict, the authors do not shy away from the possibility that a conflict may not be 'ripe' for resolution. The collection is especially welcome for addressing many of the seemingly implacable impediments to the successful conclusion of negotiations." Galia Golan, Professor Emerita at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya "An invaluable guide for practitioners and students of negotiations. One of its main conclusions, which I wholeheartedly endorse, is that negotiations can only succeed when there's urgency and the pain and gain that accompany it." Aaron David Miller, Middle East analyst, Vice President for New Initiatives at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
Download or read book Dialogue and Armed Conflict written by Riordan Roett and published by University Press of Amer. This book was released on 1988 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To find more information about Rowman and Littlefield titles, please visit www.rowmanlittlefield.com.
Download or read book To End a War written by Richard Holbrooke and published by Modern Library. This book was released on 1999-05-25 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When President Clinton sent Richard Holbrooke to Bosnia as America's chief negotiator in late 1995, he took a gamble that would eventually redefine his presidency. But there was no saying then, at the height of the war, that Holbrooke's mission would succeed. The odds were strongly against it. As passionate as he was controversial, Holbrooke believed that the only way to bring peace to the Balkans was through a complex blend of American leadership, aggressive and creative diplomacy, and a willingness to use force, if necessary, in the cause for peace. This was not a universally popular view. Resistance was fierce within the United Nations and the chronically divided Contact Group, and in Washington, where many argued that the United States should not get more deeply involved. This book is Holbrooke's gripping inside account of his mission, of the decisive months when, belatedly and reluctantly but ultimately decisively, the United States reasserted its moral authority and leadership and ended Europe's worst war in over half a century. To End a War reveals many important new details of how America made this historic decision. What George F. Kennan has called Holbrooke's "heroic efforts" were shaped by the enormous tragedy with which the mission began, when three of his four team members were killed during their first attempt to reach Sarajevo. In Belgrade, Sarajevo, Zagreb, Paris, Athens, and Ankara, and throughout the dramatic roller-coaster ride at Dayton, he tirelessly imposed, cajoled, and threatened in the quest to stop the killing and forge a peace agreement. Holbrooke's portraits of the key actors, from officials in the White House and the Élysée Palace to the leaders in the Balkans, are sharp and unforgiving. His explanation of how the United States was finally forced to intervene breaks important new ground, as does his discussion of the near disaster in the early period of the implementation of the Dayton agreement. To End a War is a brilliant portrayal of high-wire, high-stakes diplomacy in one of the toughest negotiations of modern times. A classic account of the uses and misuses of American power, its lessons go far beyond the boundaries of the Balkans and provide a powerful argument for continued American leadership in the modern world.
Download or read book Committing to Peace written by Barbara F. Walter and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-13 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do some civil wars end in successfully implemented peace settlements while others are fought to the finish? Numerous competing theories address this question. Yet not until now has a study combined the historical sweep, empirical richness, and conceptual rigor necessary to put them thoroughly to the test and draw lessons invaluable to students, scholars, and policymakers. Using data on every civil war fought between 1940 and 1992, Barbara Walter details the conditions that lead combatants to partake in what she defines as a three-step process--the decision on whether to initiate negotiations, to compromise, and, finally, to implement any resulting terms. Her key finding: rarely are such conflicts resolved without active third-party intervention. Walter argues that for negotiations to succeed it is not enough for the opposing sides to resolve the underlying issues behind a civil war. Instead the combatants must clear the much higher hurdle of designing credible guarantees on the terms of agreement--something that is difficult without outside assistance. Examining conflicts from Greece to Laos, China to Columbia, Bosnia to Rwanda, Walter confirms just how crucial the prospect of third-party security guarantees and effective power-sharing pacts can be--and that adversaries do, in fact, consider such factors in deciding whether to negotiate or fight. While taking many other variables into account and acknowledging that third parties must also weigh the costs and benefits of involvement in civil war resolution, this study reveals not only how peace is possible, but probable.
Download or read book International Mediation in Civil Wars written by Timothy D Sisk and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-01-08 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book evaluates the role of international mediators in bringing civil wars to an end and makes the case for ‘powerful peacemaking’ – using incentives and sanctions – to leverage parties into peace. As internal violence within countries is a hugely significant threat to international peace in the post-Cold War era, the question of how these wars end has become an urgent research and policy question. This volume explores a critical aspect of peacemaking that has yet to be sufficiently evaluated: the turbulent period beyond the onset of formal or open negotiations to end civil wars and the clinching of an initially sustainable negotiated settlement. The book argues that the transnational flow of weapons, resources, and ideas means that when civil wars today end, they are more likely to do so at the negotiating table than on the battlefield. It uses bargaining theory to develop an analytical framework to evaluate peace processes – moving from stalemate in wars to negotiated settlement – and it rigorously analyses the experiences of five cases of negotiated transitions from war and the role of international mediators: South Africa, Liberia, Burundi, Kashmir, and Sri Lanka.
