Download or read book Near infrared Reflectance of Snow covered Substrates written by Harold W. O'Brien and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book CRREL Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Red and Near infrared Spectral Reflectance of Snow written by H. W. O'Brien and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The spectral reflectance of snow in the range of 0.60 to 2.50 micrometers wavelengths was studied in a cold laboratory using natural snow and simulated preparations of snow. A white barium sulfate powder was used as the standard for comparison. The high reflectance (usually nearly 100%) of fresh natural snow in the visible wavelength declines rapidly at wavelengths near and beyond 0.80 micrometers, as the spectral absorption coefficients of ice increase. The rate of decline of near-infrared reflectance due to aging is strongly affected by the history of the snow during aging. Snow aged under certain conditions may retain 90% or so of its reflectance in the visible red, yet may be only about 10% as reflective as the original fresh snow beyond 2.2 micrometers. Several environmental factors such as ambient temperature and wind effects which contribute to the variability in snow reflectance are discussed.
Download or read book Seasonal Snowcovers Physics Chemistry Hydrology written by H.G. Jones and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 748 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, much concern has been expressed on the deleterious effects that anthropogenic emissions of acidic pollutants have on ecosystems of both industrialized countries and remote areas of the world. In many of these regions, seasonal snowcover is a major factor in the transfer of atmospheric pollutants, either to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems or to the more permanent reservoirs of glaciers and ice sheets. The recognition of the role that seasonal snowcovers can thus play in the chemical dynamics of whole ecosystems was recently echoed by the Committee on Glaciology of the National Research Council (National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering and the Institute of Medicine) which recommended that studies on "Impurities in the snowpack, their discharge into runoff, and management of the problem" be rated at the highest prority level (ref. a). It is in this context that the Advanced Research Institute (ASI) brought together scientists active in the fields of snow physics, snow chemistry and snow hydrology. The programme was structured so as to facilitate the exchange of information and ideas on the theories for the chemical evolution of seasonal snowcovers and snowmelt and on the impact of the chemical composition of the meltwaters on the different components of hydrological systems. As a consequence the ASI also attracted participants from potential users of the information that was disseminated; these were particularly concerned with the effects of snowmelt and snowcover on terrestrial biota and those of lakes and streams.
Download or read book CRREL Benchnotes written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Use of Landsat Digital Data for Snow Cover Mapping in the Upper Saint John River Basin Maine written by C. J. Merry and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measurements of snow depth and its water equivalent were obtained at 11 snow courses in the Allagash, Maine, area in conjunction with acquisition of five Landsat-2 and -3 images during the 1977-78 and 1978-79 winters. To test a hypothesis that Landsat reflected radiance values on a regional scale do change, histograms of the Landsat MSS band 7 reflected radiance values for a 300- x 300-pixel (420 sq km) area near Allagash were evaluated to quantify the change. A statistical description (skewness and kurtosis) of the histogram for each scene was developed and and then correlated with ground measurements of snow depth. The Lansat date were then re-examined and corrections were made for solar elevation and MSS sensor calibration. Reflected radiance from open areas showed a consistent increase in intensity with increasing snow depth. Forested land cover classes did not change with snow depth. Digital imagery data acquired 31 May 1978 when the land was snow-free was used to classify land cover categories. Ground truth measurements of water equivalent of the snow cover were are-weighted using the land cover classification to derive regional values on each of the five Lansat winter scenes. The 1 March 1978 snow measurement of 19.46 cm of water equivalent was used as an input value to the SSARR model. The SSARR prediction for the 1 March-31 May 1978 period was within 78% of the measured runoff for the initial baseflow period and within 66% measured for the spring melt recession period. Keywords: Hydrologic modeling.
Download or read book USA CRREL Benchnotes written by Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings North American NOAA Polar Orbiter Users Group written by North American NOAA Polar Orbiter Users Group. Meeting and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monthly Catalogue United States Public Documents written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 1064 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Use of NOAA AVHRR Visible and Near infrared Data for Land Remote Sensing written by Stanley R. Schneider and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Publications and Final Reports on Contracts and Grants written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Meteorological and Geoastrophysical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 964 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering the world's literature on meteorology, climatology, atmospheric chemistry and physics, physical oceanography, hydrology, glaciology, and related environmental sciences.
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the Symposium on Remote Sensing of Snow and Ice written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers from the Symposium on Remote Sensing of Snow and Ice (Boulder, Colorado, May 17-22 1992) on all aspects of remote sensing of snow, glaciers, ice sheets and sea ice, including Landsat, AVHRR, SAR, SSM/I and passive microwave observations. Includes data from Antarctica.
Download or read book CRREL Technical Publications 1950 1975 written by Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
