Download or read book Natural Reproduction and Spawning Site Characteristics of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha in the Salmon River New York written by Dustin W. Everitt and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Natural Reproduction and Recruitment of Chinook Salmon in the Salmon River NY written by Nathan Gail Smith and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Natural Reproduction and Recruitment of Chinook Salmon in the Salmon River New York An Application of Otolith Microstructure Analysis written by Nathan Gail Smith and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stocking of hatchery-reared Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in Lake Ontario has led to the development of a sport fishery that provides high economic returns to local communities. Changes in habitat quality, including changes in flow associated with Federal Energy Regulatory Commission reauthorization protocols since the mid 1990s in the Salmon River, NY, may have led to increased natural reproduction in this river. Increases in natural production of Chinook in Lake Ontario could lead to changing management practices in the fishery. In order to measure wild reproduction I used known origin young-of-the-year (YOY) Chinook salmon from hatchery and wild sources as a baseline for separating these groups using otolith microstructure. Measuring 20 days growth from 300 mum inward toward the origin correctly classified 100% of known hatchery fish, and 89% of known wild fish. These measurements were used to determine the origin of Chinook salmon smolts caught in the nearshore of Lake Ontario adjacent to the Salmon River, NY in 2000 (85%) and 2001 (89%). I also evaluated the potential for carbon and oxygen stable isotopes in otoliths for differentiation of hatchery and wild YOY Chinook. Stable isotope methods show promise in separating hatchery and wild fish based on known-origin otoliths from 1999 and 2001, but further research is required before large scale application in Lake Ontario. In addition to sampling outmigrating smolts, I applied the 300 mum method to a sample of adults returning to the Salmon River from 2000-2002. Wild origin fish contributed between 10 and 25% of the returning adults for the 6 year classes 1995-2000. There was no time trend in the proportion of wild fish and therefore no evidence for an increase in natural production due to water flow changes in the Salmon River during the late 1990s. Because of the life history of Chinook salmon and time limitations of the study, I was unable to directly compare estimates of smolts from 2000-2001 with returning adults from those year classes, however my results for both YOY and adult Chinook indicate that natural reproduction may play a larger role in Lake Ontario than previously thought.

Download or read book Relation of Scale Characteristics to River of Origin in Four Stocks of Chinook Salmon oncorhynchus Tshawytscha in Alaska written by Richard G. Rowland and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ecology and Animal Health written by Jeffrey M. Levengood and published by Baltic University Press. This book was released on 2012-10-28 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Spawning Habitat Studies of Hanford Reach Fall Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory conducted this study for the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) with funding provided through the Northwest Power and Conservation Council(a) and the BPA Fish and Wildlife Program. The study was conducted in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River. The goal of study was to determine the physical habitat factors necessary to define the redd capacity of fall Chinook salmon that spawn in large mainstem rivers like the Hanford Reach and Snake River. The study was originally commissioned in FY 1994 and then recommissioned in FY 2000 through the Fish and Wildlife Program rolling review of the Columbia River Basin projects. The work described in this report covers the period from 1994 through 2004; however, the majority of the information comes from the last four years of the study (2000 through 2004). Results from the work conducted from 1994 to 2000 were covered in an earlier report. More than any other stock of Pacific salmon, fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) have suffered severe impacts from the hydroelectric development in the Columbia River Basin. Fall Chinook salmon rely heavily on mainstem habitats for all phases of their life cycle, and mainstem hydroelectric dams have inundated or blocked areas that were historically used for spawning and rearing. The natural flow pattern that existed in the historic period has been altered by the dams, which in turn have affected the physical and biological template upon which fall Chinook salmon depend upon for successful reproduction. Operation of the dams to produce power to meet short-term needs in electricity (termed power peaking) produces unnatural fluctuations in flow over a 24-hour cycle. These flow fluctuations alter the physical habitat and disrupt the cues that salmon use to select spawning sites, as well as strand fish in near-shore habitat that becomes dewatered. The quality of spawning gravels has been affected by dam construction, flood protection, and agricultural and industrial development. In some cases, the riverbed is armored such that it is more difficult for spawners to move, while in other cases the intrusion of fine sediment into spawning gravels has reduced water flow to sensitive eggs and young fry. Recovery of fall Chinook salmon populations may involve habitat restoration through such actions as dam removal and reservoir drawdown. In addition, habitat protection will be accomplished through set-asides of existing high-quality habitat. A key component to evaluating these actions is quantifying the salmon spawning habitat potential of a given river reach so that realistic recovery goals for salmon abundance can be developed. Quantifying salmon spawning habitat potential requires an understanding of the spawning behavior of Chinook salmon, as well as an understanding of the physical habitat where these fish spawn. Increasingly, fish biologists are recognizing that assessing the physical habitat of riverine systems where salmon spawn goes beyond measuring microhabitat like water depth, velocity, and substrate size. Geomorphic features of the river measured over a range of spatial scales set up the physical template upon which the microhabitat develops, and successful assessments of spawning habitat potential incorporate these geomorphic features. We had three primary objectives for this study. The first objective was to determine the relationship between physical habitats at different spatial scales and fall Chinook salmon spawning locations. The second objective was to estimate the fall Chinook salmon redd capacity for the Reach. The third objective was to suggest a protocol for determining preferable spawning reaches of fall Chinook salmon. To ensure that we collected physical data within habitat that was representative of the full range of potential spawning habitat, the study area was stratified based on geomorphic features of the river using a two-dimensional river channel index that classified the river cross section into one of four shapes based on channel symmetry, depth, and width. We found that this river channel classification system was a good predictor at the scale of a river reach ((almost equal to)1 km) of where fall Chinook salmon would spawn. Using this two-dimensional river channel index, we selected study areas that were representative of the geomorphic classes. A total of nine study sites distributed throughout the middle 27 km of the Reach (study area) were investigated. Four of the study sites were located between river kilometer 575 and 580 in a section of the river where fall Chinook salmon have not spawned since aerial surveys were initiated in the 1940s; four sites were located in the spawning reach (river kilometer [rkm] 590 to 603); and one site was located upstream of the spawning reach (rkm 605).

Download or read book Factors Influencing the Return of Fall Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha to Spring Creek Hatchery written by Charles O. Junge and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Issues in Global Environment Freshwater and Marine Environments 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 1320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Global Environment: Freshwater and Marine Environments: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Global Environment—Freshwater and Marine Environments. The editors have built Issues in Global Environment: Freshwater and Marine Environments: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Global Environment—Freshwater and Marine Environments in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Global Environment: Freshwater and Marine Environments: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Download or read book Redd Site Selection and Spawning Habitat Use by Fall Chinook Salmon written by David R. Geist and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The spawning habitat associated with fall chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) redd clusters was investigated in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River. A conceptual spawning habitat model is proposed that describes how geomorphic features of river channels create hydraulic processes, including hyporheic flows, that influence where salmon spawn in unconstrained reaches of large mainstem alluvial rivers. Spatial point pattern analysis of redds showed that redd clusters averaged approximately 10 hectares in area and their locations were consistent from year to year. The tendency to spawn in clusters suggests fall chinook salmon's use of spawning habitat is highly selective. Hydraulic characteristics of the redd clusters were significantly different than the habitat surrounding them. Velocity and lateral slope of the river bottom were the most important habitat variables in predicting redd site selection. While these variables explained a large proportion of the variance in redd site selection (86 to 96%), some unmeasured factors still accounted for a small percentage of actual spawning site selection. Further investigation showed that the magnitude and chemical characteristics of hyporheic discharge were different between and within two spawning areas. Apparently, fall chinook salmon used chemical and physical cues from the discharge to locate spawning areas. Traditional spawning habitat models could be improved if they: used spawning area-specific, rather than river-specific; spawning characteristics; incorporated hyporheic discharge measurements; and gave further consideration to the geomorphic features that are present in the unconstrained segments of large alluvial rivers. Ultimately the recovery of endangered fall chinook salmon will depend on how well we are able to recreate the characteristics once common in alluvial floodplains of large rivers. The results from this research can be used to better define the relationship between these physical habitat characteristics and fall chinook salmon spawning site selection, and provide more efficient use of limited recovery resources.

Download or read book Large Wood Aids Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha Spawning in Marginal Habitat on a Regulated River in California written by Anne Elizabeth Senter and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2008 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To determine whether large wood (LW,>̲1 m length,>̲10 cm diameter) plays a role in Chinook salmon redd (i.e. egg nests) placements in a regulated, medium-sized, Mediterranean-climate river, characteristics of 542 large wood pieces, locations of 650 redds, and habitat unit delineations (riffle, run, glide, pool) were collected during a spawning season along a 7.7 km reach directly below Camanche Dam on the Mokelumne River (average width 31 m). Large wood was regularly distributed across the study reach with an average of 70 LW pieces km−1. Some LW clustering was evident at islands. Chinook spawners built 75% of observed redds at spawning habitat rehabilitation sites, and 85% of redds were within one average channel width of large wood. At the hydraulic scale of ~10−1 channel widths, redds were within a 10-m radius of large wood 36% of the time. These results suggest that spawners had the opportunity to utilize large wood as cover and refugia. In the lower 4.7 km where marginal habitat was prevalent, redds were within a 5-m radius of large wood 21% of the time and within a 2.5 m radius 10% of the time, indicating use of the hydraulic properties of instream large wood structures. Results from randomized tests indicate that large wood-redd interactions systematically occurred at a greater rate than by random chance alone in the lower 4.7 km, but not in the upper 3 km, which implies that large wood aids spawning in marginal habitats. Key Words: large wood, gravel rivers, Chinook salmon, ecohydraulics, fluvial geomorphology, river rehabilitation.

Download or read book Biology of Chinook and Blueback Salmon and Steelhead in the Wenatchee River System written by Robert R. French and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Spawning Areas and Abundance of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha In the Columbia River Basin written by Leonard A. Fulton and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2016-09-27 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Spawning Areas and Abundance of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) In the Columbia River Basin: Past and Present Spawn in intermediate and large tribu taries and in middle reaches of the main stem. Spring-run chinook salmon Spawn in some lower Columbia River tributaries such as the Willamette, Cowlitz, and Kalama Rivers. They also are distributed in middle tributaries of the Columbia and Snake Rivers. (fall-run chinook salmon, discussed later in the report, share spawning grounds in some sections of the Cowlitz and Kalama Rivers.) These are not all of the areas in which such duplications occur but are cited as examples. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book River Features Associated with Chinook Salmon Spawning Habitat in Southwest Alaska written by Deena M. Jallen and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha are a highly valued traditional, subsistence, and commercial resource in southwest Alaska. Stream habitat availability is a major component influencing salmon productivity. The objective of this study is to identify river features associated with spawning habitat, and describe upper and lower boundaries of Chinook salmon spawning on the Tuluksak River. River distances, elevation, salmon locations, spawning sites, and habitat observations were collected along 75 rkm (river kilometers) of the Tuluksak River primarily within the Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge. Habitat and salmon observations were grouped into strata along the length of the river for comparison and analysis. Chinook salmon were observed spawning in the upper 45 rkm of the study area. Map-based observations of elevation and channel sinuosity correlate better with Chinook salmon spawning than in stream habitat measurements along the Tuluksak River. The upper boundary of Chinook salmon spawning in the Tuluksak River was outside of our study area. The lower boundary for Chinook salmon spawning habitat on similar rivers might be determined by examining elevation, sinuosity, and channel features from remote images or maps prior to conducting field studies"--Leaf iii.

Download or read book Channel Morphology Hyporheic Exchange and Temperature Gradients Within Chinook Salmon Spawning Habitat written by Timothy Patrick Hanrahan and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Deepwater Spawning of Fall Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha Near Ives and Pierce Island of the Columbia River 2000 written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fall chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), thought to originate from Bonneville Hatchery, were first noted to be spawning downstream of Bonneville Dam by Washington Department of Fisheries and Wildlife (WDFW) biologists in 1993 (Hymer 1997). Known spawning areas included gravel beds on the Washington side of the river near Hamilton Creek and Ives Island. The size of this population from 1994 to 1996 was estimated at 1,800 to 5,200 fish (Hymer 1997), and 554 fish in 1998 (Van der Naald et al. 1999). These estimates were based on carcass surveys and visual observation of redds by boat near the shoreline. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) conducted underwater video surveys in the fall of 1999 and 2000 to determine the extent of the fall chinook salmon spawning and to estimate the number of redds occurring in deeper water. Estimates of redds occurring in water depths exceeding 2.2 m at 143,000 cubic feet per second (kcfs) were 499 in 1999 (Mueller and Dauble 1999) and 567 redds>2.2 m at 127 kcfs in 2000 (this study). The majority of the redds found were confined near the main river channel adjacent to Pierce Island. Chum salmon (O. keta) also have been documented using the mouth of Hamilton Creek and portions of Hamilton Slough for spawning. The majority of chum salmon were found to spawn in shallow water at the mouth of Hamilton Creek adjacent to Ives Island. Estimates of the natural chum salmon spawning population for 1998 were 226 (Van der Naald et al. 1999). Chum salmon spawning near Ives Island are part of the Columbia River evolutionary significant unit (ESU), and are included in the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA) listing in March 1999. Our main objective of this study was to locate deep water spawning locations of fall chinook salmon in the main Columbia River channel and to collect additional data on physical habitat parameters at spawning sites. The secondary objective was to map any chum salmon redds located in the deep sections of Hamilton Slough. There are several ongoing investigations to define the physical habitat characteristics associated with fall chinook and chum salmon spawning areas downstream of Bonneville Dam. A major concern is to determine what flows (i.e., surface elevations) are necessary to ensure their long-term survival. This objective is consistent with the high priority placed by the Northwest Power Planning Council's Independent Advisory Board and the salmon managers on determining the importance of mainstem habitats to the production of salmon in the Columbia River Basin.

Download or read book Rearing of Chinook Salmon in Tributaries of the South Fork Salmon River Idaho written by William S. Platts and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pacific Salmon Life Histories written by Cornelis Groot and published by UBC Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pacific salmon are an important biological and economic resource of countries of the North Pacific rim. They are also a unique group of fish possessing unusually complex life histories. There are seven species of Pacific salmon, five occurring on both the North American and Asian continents (sockeye, pink, chum, chinook, and coho) and two (masu and amago) only in Asia. The life cycle of the Pacific salmon begins in the autumn when the adult female deposits eggs that are fertilized in gravel beds in rivers or lakes. The young emerge from the gravel the following spring and will either migrate immediately to salt water or spend one or more years in a river or lake before migrating. Migrations in the ocean are extensive during the feeding and growing phase, covering thousands of kilometres. After one or more years the maturing adults find their way back to their home river, returning to their ancestral breeding grounds to spawn. They die after spawning and the eggs in the gravel signify a new cycle. Upon this theme Pacific salmon have developed many variations, both between as well as within species. Pacific Salmon Life Histories provides detailed descriptions of the different life phases through which each of the seven species passes. Each chapter is written by a scientist who has spent years studying and observing a particular species of salmon. Some of the topics covered are geographic distribution, transplants, freshwater life, ocean life, development, growth, feeding, diet, migration, and spawning behaviour. The text is richly supplemented by numerous maps, illustrations, colour plates, and tables and there is a detailed general index, as well as a useful geographical index.