Download or read book Natural Organic Matter Characterization of Different Source and Treated Waters Implications for Membrane Fouling Control written by Jamie Croft and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Natural Organic Matter in Water written by Mika Silanpää and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2014-10-07 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately 77 percent of the freshwater used in the United States comes from surface-water sources and is subject to natural organic matter contamination according to the United States Geological Survey. This presents a distinct challenge to water treatment engineers. An essential resource to the latest breakthroughs in the characterization, treatment and removal of natural organic matter (NOM) from drinking water, Natural Organic Matter in Waters: Characterization and Treatment Methods focuses on advance filtration and treatment options, and processes for reducing disinfection byproducts. Based on the author’s years of research and field experience, this book begins with the characterization of NOM including: general parameters, isolation and concentration, fractionation, composition and structural analysis and biological testing. This is followed by removal methods such as inorganic coagulants, polyelectrolytes and composite coagulants. Electrochemical and membranes removal methods such as: electrocoagulation, electrochemical oxidation, microfiltration and ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and membrane fouling. Covers conventional as well as advanced NOM removal methods Includes characterization methods of NOM Explains removal methods such as: removal by coagulation, electrochemical, advanced oxidation, and integrated methods

Download or read book Natural Organic Matter in Water written by Mika Sillanpaa and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2022-10-17 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural Organic Matter in Water: Characterization, Treatment Methods, and Climate Change Impact, Second Edition focuses on advanced filtration and treatment options, as well as processes for reducing disinfection by-products, making it an essential resource on the latest breakthroughs in the characterization, treatment and removal of natural organic matter (NOM) from drinking water. Based on the editor’s years of research and field experience, the book covers general parameters, isolation and concentration, fractionation, composition and structural analysis, and biological testing, along with removal methods such as inorganic coagulants, polyelectrolytes and composite coagulants. In addition, sections cover electrochemical and membranes removal methods such as electrocoagulation, electrochemical oxidation, microfiltration and ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and membrane fouling. This book is a valuable guide for engineers and researchers looking to integrate methods, processes and technologies to achieve desired affects. Provides a summary of up-to-date information surrounding NOM Presents enhanced knowledge on treatment strategies for the removal of NOM Covers conventional as well as advanced NOM removal methods

Download or read book Natural Organic Matter in Drinking Water written by Billy H. Kornegay and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2000 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Characterization of Natural Organic Matter in Drinking Water written by Jean-Phillipe Croue and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2000 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research reported on here sought to characterize natural organic matter (NOM) in dilute solutions and to isolate it without altering its properties, so that the effect of NOM in drinking water may be considered. Several NOM isolation methods were evaluated, including evaporation, reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, and adsorption. The effects of such isolation procedures on NOM's chemical composition and reactivity were considered. Based on these studies, the report presents conclusions regarding the feasibility and adequacy of in situ and ex situ techniques. Croue is affiliated with Laboratoire de Chimie de l'Eau de l'Environment, Universite de Poiters. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.

Download or read book Natural Organic Matter Fouling of Low Pressure Membrane Systems written by J. Lozier and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2008-10-14 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-pressure (LP) membrane use has increased dramatically over the last decade in response to more stringent pathogen-related drinking water regulations, water reclamation and the need for more effective reverse osmosis pretreatment, and from dramatically reduced membrane costs. More cost-effective and reliable operation of LP membrane systems is constrained, however, by fouling, in particular fouling by NOM. NOM fouling is poorly understood because of both the complexity and types of NOM that exists in natural sources and wastewater effluent and NOM-membrane interactions. This report is available as a Pay-Per-View item only. NOM exists in three primary forms (allochthonous, autochthonous, and effluent-derived), with a variety of components having differing fouling tendencies. LP membranes comprise hollow fibers of differing polymeric materials, with a range of properties that likewise influence fouling propensity. Fouling management strategies (backwash, air scrub, chemical cleaning) employed with LP membrane systems differ from supplier to supplier. This, combined with a number of the methods used to reduce NOM levels prior to membrane treatment (e.g., coagulation, clarification), further complicate the understanding of NOM fouling. The overall goal of this project was to investigate the specific contributions of the different types of natural organic matter (NOM) to microfiltration/ultrafiltration (MF/UF) fouling. The intent was to develop a surrogate test or index that could be used to predict NOM fouling at low cost through a combination of source water characterization and rapid bench-scale testing. The research incorporated bench-, pilot- and full-scale investigations. Testing was conducted with four source waters, selected to capture the fouling characteristics of the three primary types of NOM. Bench testing use a stirred, cell apparatus and three flat sheet membrane types, representing commercially dominant MF and UF hollow fiber membranes of the same polymer types. Hollow fiber bench testing used two PVDF and two PES membranes operated in both sequential and alternating filtration/backwash mode. Pilot testing included PVDF MF and UF and PES UF systems operated on three of the four source waters and incorporated a host of fouling management strategies. Full-scale investigations captured operating data from several plants having differing levels and types of NOM.

Download or read book Aquatic Organic Matter Fluorescence written by Paula G. Coble and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A core text on principles, laboratory/field methodologies, and data interpretation for fluorescence applications in aquatic science, for advanced students and researchers.

Download or read book Natural Organic Matter Fouling of Low Pressure Membrane Systems written by and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of low-pressure membranes, microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF), has increased dramatically over the last decade in response to new drinking water regulations focused on increased control of pathogens and disinfection byproducts (DBPs), and reduced membrane costs. The overall goal of this project was to investigate the specific contributions of the different types of natural organic matter to MF / UF fouling with the intent to develop a surrogate test or index that could be used to predict NOM fouling at low cost through a combination of source water characterization and rapid bench-scale testing.

Download or read book Performance of Biological Filters for Drinking Water Treatment and Their Use for High Pressure Membrane Biofouling Control written by Ahmed Mohamed Elsayed ElHadidy and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biofiltration is a promising green drinking water treatment technology that can reduce the concentration of biodegradable organic matter (BOM) in water. Direct biofiltration or biofiltration without pretreatment (BFwp) limits the use of chemicals such as coagulants or ozone commonly employed with conventional biofiltration, making BFWP a more environmental friendly pre-treatment. BFWP was proven to be an efficient pretreatment to reduce fouling of low pressure membranes, and can also improve the biological stability of the final treated drinking water to limit bacterial regrowth in the distribution system. One major operational problem for high pressure membranes (i.e. nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes) is membrane biofouling due to biofilm growth inside the feed channel of the membrane module, resulting in higher energy requirements and more frequent membrane cleaning. BFWP can potentially be applied to reduce biofouling of nanofiltration membranes, which can reduce the energy requirements of high pressure membranes. Three pilot-scale parallel biologically active filters with different empty bed contact times, and bench-scale nanofiltration membrane fouling simulators, were designed and constructed in this study. A challenging surface water source (the Grand River in Kitchener, ON) was used as source water for the investigation. Initial work assessed the effect of biofiltration on the treated water quality and how the biofilter performance is affected by changes in water temperature. A protocol was developed to better characterize the biofilter attached biomass and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), in order to understand their possible relationship to biofilter performance. Flow cytometry was applied to measure both planktonic cell concentrations in water and also to perform assimilable organic carbon (AOC) analysis using a natural microbial inoculum. BFWP was found to be an efficient pre-treatment for the removal of large molecular weight biopolymers and AOC over a wide range of water temperatures. Lower water temperatures had a significant impact on biopolymer removal, unlike AOC which was efficiently removed at lower water temperatures, and this proved the robustness of such a pre-treatment technology. Other fractions of the natural organic matter (NOM) such as humic substances, buildings blocks and low molecular weight organics were removed to a lower extent than biopolymers or AOC. Empty bed contact time (EBCT) as a design parameter had a limited effect on the biofilter performance. Most of the observed removal for BOM and total cell count happened at the shortest EBCT of 8 minutes, and increasing the EBCT up to 24 minutes had a significant but less proportional impact on biofilter performance. Regarding biofilter attached biomass, no direct linkage was found between biofilter performance and attached biofilter biomass characteristics using any of the commonly used analytical methods such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or biofilm cell count, however, cellular ATP content was found to be indicative of biofilm activity. Biofilm EPS composition was not related to biofilter performance but it was largely affected by the water temperature. Through community level physiological profiling (CLPP) analysis it was evident that the microbial community was changing due to a drop in water temperature, however, this was a minor effect and it is likely that the overall drop in biomass activity was the main reason behind the drop in biofilter performance. Finally, BFWP was tested as a potential pre-treatment technology to control high pressure membrane biofouling, which is a major operational problem. BFWP was able to reduce the amount of available nutrients measured as AOC, reduce the presence of conditioning molecules such as large molecular weight biopolymers, and modify the microbial community of the feed water. A 16 minute EBCT biofilter was able to extend the lifetime of nanofiltration membranes by more than 200% compared to the river water without biofiltration, both at low and high water temperature conditions. The 16 minute EBCT biofilter performance was also comparable to that of a full scale conventional biofilter with prior coagulation, sedimentation and ozonation. The biofiltration pre-treatment efficiently affected the amount of biomass present in the biofouling layer and affected the biofilm microbial community as determined using CLPP analysis. The findings of this study provide the basis upon which further and larger scale testing of the BFWP as a pre-treatment for membrane applications can be done. A sound technology could include a hybrid membrane system with a high pressure membrane proceeded with a low pressure membrane. BFWP can then be used at the start of the treatment train to limit both low pressure membrane fouling at the same time limit the biofouling of the pressure membrane. This treatment train can provide a high water quality with limited footprint compared to conventional treatment trains and long service time. Monitoring of the treatment unit performance can be efficiently done using some of the proposed analytical methods presented in the study, such as AOC monitoring and flow cytometry to study microbiological water quality and biofilter biomass. Fluorescence spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography can also be used to monitor large molecular weight biopolymers, which are responsible for several operational problems in water treatment in general and specifically for membrane applications.

Download or read book Drinking Water Treatment Chemical and Physical Elimination of Organic Substances and Particles written by Kader Gaid and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-07-12 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, hundreds of millions of people drink contaminated water without knowing it. Yet water treatment technologies can effectively eliminate contamination and can supply urban and rural populations with safe drinking water in a secure way. For almost two centuries, the huge number of treatments available to guarantee water quality has grown alongside technological progress, the strengthening of industry norms and the reinforcement of consumer expectations. New treatment methods have been developed according to the advancement of knowledge and new sanitary regulations. This five-volume book sets out to clearly present the variety of treatments available along with their performance, limitations and conditions of use as well as ways to combine them to produce safe drinking water, which is a basic need essential to everyday life. The author shares his expertise acquired at Veolia, a company that is a world leader in water services and sanitation, desalination of sea water and the recycling of wastewater. Founded in France in 1853 to bring safe water to populations and to protect them from waterborne epidemics which ravaged cities, its history is intertwined with that of water treatment.

Download or read book Natural Organic Matter and Disinfection By products Characterization and Control in Drinking Water written by Sylvia E. Barrett and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are many by-products of water disinfection that are still not fully understood and can be potentially harmful. In this volume all the current research in this area is discussed, along with an examination of the role of NOM (natural organic matter) and its relationship to DBP (disinfection by-product) formation and control in drinking water. Understanding the relationship of NOM to DBP may well lead to new techniques for analyzing and treating water and enable reasonable choices to be made for source-water protection, treatment plant process optimization, and distribution system operation to control DBP's. This volume emphasizes the characterization and reactivity of polar natural organic matter. It examines analytical methods which better characterize NOM and determines some of the polar and nonvolatile DBP forms. It presents innovative new methods, sich as capillary electrophoresis for haloacetic aceids and LC/MS for the identification of polar dinking water DBPs.

Download or read book Surface Modifying Macromolecules SMM Incorporated Ultrafiltration Membranes for Natural Organic Matter NOM Removal written by Thanh Huyen Dang and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Organic geochemistry of natural waters written by E.M. Thurman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1985-04-30 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is written as a reference on organic substances in natural waters and as a supplementary text for graduate students in water chemistry. The chapters address five topics: amount, origin, nature, geochemistry, and characterization of organic carbon. Of these topics, the main themes are the amount and nature of dissolved organic carbon in natural waters (mainly fresh water, although seawater is briefly discussed). It is hoped that the reader is familiar with organic chemistry, but it is not necessary. The first part of the book is a general overview of the amount and general nature of dissolved organic carbon. Over the past 10 years there has been an exponential increase in knowledge on organic substances in water, which is the result of money directed toward the research of organic compounds, of new methods of analysis (such as gas chromatography and mass spectrometry), and most importantly, the result of more people working in this field. Because of this exponential increase in knowledge, there is a need to pull together and summarize the data that has accumulated from many disciplines over the last decade.

Download or read book Characterization and Removal of Natural Organic Matter NOM in Drinking Water Treatment Processes written by 尤寧洛 and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sources and characteristics of organic matter in the Clackamas River Oregon related to the formation of disinfection by products in treated drinking water written by Kurt D. Carpenter and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study characterized the amount and quality of organic matter in the Clackamas River, Oregon, to gain an understanding of sources that contribute to the formation of chlorinated and brominated disinfection by-products (DBPs), focusing on regulated DBPs in treated drinking water from two direct-filtration treatment plants that together serve approximately 100,000 customers. The central hypothesis guiding this study was that natural organic matter leaching out of the forested watershed, in-stream growth of benthic algae, and phytoplankton blooms in the reservoirs contribute different and varying proportions of organic carbon to the river. Differences in the amount and composition of carbon derived from each source affects the types and concentrations of DBP precursors entering the treatment plants and, as a result, yield varying DBP concentrations and species in finished water. The two classes of DBPs analyzed in this study—trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs)—form from precursors within the dissolved and particulate pools of organic matter present in source water.

Download or read book Membranes for Water Treatment written by Klaus-Viktor Peinemann and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-11-29 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This ready reference on Membrane Technologies for Water Treatment, is an invaluable source detailing sustainable, emerging processes, to provide clean, energy saving and cost effective alternatives to conventional processes. The editors are internationally renowned leaders in the field, who have put together a first-class team of authors from academia and industry to present a highly approach to the subject. The book is an instrumental tool for Process Engineers, Chemical Engineers, Process Control Technicians, Water Chemists, Environmental Chemists, Materials Scientists and Patent Lawyers.

Download or read book Sources and Characteristics of Organic Matter in the Clackamas River Oregon Related to the Formation of Disinfection By Products in Treated Drinking Water written by Kurt Carpenter and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-07-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study characterized the amount and quality of organic matter in the Clackamas River, Oregon, to gain an understanding of sources that contribute to the formation of chlorinated and brominated disinfection by-products (DBPs), focusing on regulated DBPs in treated drinking water from two direct-filtration treatment plants that together serve approximately 100,000 customers. The central hypothesis guiding this study was that natural organic matter leaching out of the forested watershed, in-stream growth of benthic algae, and phytoplankton blooms in the reservoirs contribute different and varying proportions of organic carbon to the river. Differences in the amount and composition of carbon derived from each source affects the types and concentrations of DBP precursors entering the treatment plants and, as a result, yield varying DBP concentrations and species in finished water. The two classes of DBPs analyzed in this study-trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs)-form from precursors within the dissolved and particulate pools of organic matter present in source water.